explanation of phosphates group and minerals and some of the physical and chemical property of phosphates mineral

1. University of sulimani
College Of Science
Department Of Geology
First Stage
PhosphatesPhosphates
By StudentBy Student
1.Ayad Adil Kareem1.Ayad Adil Kareem

2. PHOSPHATE MINERALS
_Phosphate minerals are those minerals that contain the
tetrahedral coordinated phosphate (PO43-) anion along with the
freely substituting arsenate (AsO43-) and vanadate (VO43-(.
Chlorine)Cl-), fluorine (F-), and hydroxide (OH-) anions also fit
into the crystal structure.
-The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group,
however, only a few species are relatively common.
-Examples include:
-triphyliteLi(Fe,Mn)PO4
-monazite)Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4
-Apatitegroup Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH(
PO43- anion

3. Subclass: Phosphates
Amblygonite )Lithium Sodium Aluminum Phosphate Fluoride Hydroxide(
Andrewsite (Copper Iron Phosphate Hydroxide(
Anapaite )Hydrated Calcium Iron Phosphate(
The Apatite Group:
Apatite )Calcium Phosphate Chloride Hydroxide Fluoride(
which includes: Chlorapatite (Calcium Phosphate Chloride(
Fluorapatite )Calcium Phosphate Fluoride(
Hydroxylapatite )Calcium Phosphate Hydroxide(
The Uranyl Phosphates
•Autunite (Hydrated Calcium Uranyl Phosphate)
•Coconinoite (Hydrated Iron Aluminum Uranyl Phosphate Sulfate Hydroxide)
•Dumontite (Hydrated Lead Uranyl Phosphate Hydroxide)

4. Phosphates

5. Phosphates
Apatite – Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH(
prismatic hexagonal crystals
common in igneous rocks and
hydrothermal deposits
-variable colors “the deceiver”

6. Apatite
Formula: Ca10(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)2
System: Hexagonal
Color: Green
Form and habit Tabulate, Prismatic
Massive, Granular
Streak White
Hardness 5
Set of cleavage Indistinct
Fracture Irregular uneven
Luster Sub vitreous
Specific gravity Medium

7. DEPOSITS
_Rock phosphate can also be found on USA,
Egypt,Israel,Morocco,Navassa Island,
Tunisia,Togo,S. Arabia and Jordan have
large
phosphate mining industries as well.

8. Other Common Phosphates
Monazite – (Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4
Ore mineral for Rare Earth Elements
Useful mineral in U-Pb and Th age dating
Wavellite – Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O
Radiating globular aggregates
Turquoise –
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·5H2O

9. A rare Chromate: Crocoite
PbCrO4
Monoclinic 2/m.
Commonly in prismatic
crystals, vertically striated
β=102o
33’
Cleavage= {110} perfect
H =2.5 – 3
G= 5.9-6.1
Luster= Adamantine
Color= bright red to orange-
red
Streak =orange-yellow

10. Phosphate minerals
name colour lustre Mohs’ hardness specific gravity
amblygonite white to creamy
white; slightly tinted
vitreous to greasy 5–½6 .3 0–.3 1
carbonate-apatite variable, greens
predominating
vitreous 5 .2 9–.3 2
autunite lemon yellow to sulfur
yellow; greenish
yellow to pale green
vitreous to pearly 2–2½ .3 1–.3 2
brushite colourless to pale
yellow
vitreous or pearly 2½ .2 3
monazite yellowish brown or
reddish brown to
brown
usually resinous or
waxy; sometimes
vitreous or
adamantine
5–5½ .4 6–.5 4;usually 5.0–
5.2
pyromorphite olive green; yellow;
gray; brown to orange
resinous to
subadamantine
3–½4 .7 0
vivianite colourless when fresh,
darkening to deep
blue or bluish black
vitreous 1–½2 .2 7
wavellite greenish white; green
to yellow
vitreous 3–½4 .2 4
lazulite azure blue or sky blue;
bluish white, bluish
green; deep blue
vitreous 5–½6 .3 1–.3 4
monazite yellowish brown or usually resinous or 5–5½ .4 6–.5 4;usually 5.0–

11. name habit or form fracture or cleavage refractive indices crystal
system
amblygonite large, translucent,
cleavable masses; small
transparent crystals
one perfect and one
good cleavage
ambl mont
alpha = 1.578–1.611
beta = 1.595–1.619
gamma = 1.598–1.633
triclinic
carbonate-
apatite
prismatic or thick tabular
crystals; coarse granular
to compact massive;
nodular concretions
conchoidal to uneven
fracture
n = 1.63–1.67 hexagonal
autunite thin tabular crystals; flaky
aggregates; crusts
one perfect, micalike
cleavage
alpha = 1.553
beta = 1.575
gamma = 1.577
tetragonal
brushite transparent to translucent
efflorescences or minute
crystals
two perfect cleavages alpha = 1.539
beta = 1.546
gamma = 1.551
monoclinic
lazulite crystals; compact masses;
grains
two cleavages; uneven
to splintery fracture
lazul scorz
alpha = 1.604–1.639
beta = 1.626–1.670
gamma = 1.637–1.680
monoclinic
torbernite tabular crystals; micalike
masses
one perfect, platy
cleavage
epsilon = 1.582
omega = 1.592
tetragonal
triphylite transparent to translucent
cleavable or compact
massive
one perfect cleavage triph lith
alpha = 1.694–1.669
beta = 1.695–1.673
gamma = 1.700–1.682
orthorhom
bic

12. References:
1- http://www.galleries.com/Phosphates
2- http://www.mineralogy4kids.org
3- https://www.britannica.com/science/phosphate-mineral