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For each universe 
there are a dozen others; 
one must lack my bug?
A Partial-Multiverse Model 
of Time Travel 
for Debugging 
RubyConf 2014 
Brock Wilcox 
awwaiid@thelackthereof.org 
bwilcox@optoro.com
awwaiid@rbconf:~$ whoami
Debuggers
pry-byebug
How does THAT work‽
Sweet
OK. What could be better?
MAD SCIENCE
pry-timetravel
And we're done!
The Idea 
(nothing new under the sun)
fork() the universe during 'next'
Suspend the child fork
Keep track of all created child forks
Upon 'back', grab the most recent child fork
Resume (time-travel!) the previous child fork
Wha?
Two essential ingredients.
Unix fork()
New child process: 
new (child) PID 
copy of memory 
share file handles (sockets) 
... other stuff 
runs separately
Copy-On-Write!
Signals
Registered OS callbacks
SIGINT 
SIGTERM 
SIGKILL 
SIGHUP 
SIGUSR1 
SIGALRM 
SIGTSTP
SIGINT (^C) 
SIGTERM (kill) 
SIGKILL (kill -9) 
SIGHUP (daemon reload) 
SIGUSR1 (... things ...) 
SIGALRM (just another 5 minutes!)
Signal handling / sending in Ruby
SIGTSTP (^Z) 
SIGSTOP 
SIGCONT
A Partial Multiverse Model of Time Travel for Debugging
def snap 
if child_pid = fork 
# I am the parent! 
Process.kill 'SIGSTOP', $$ 
else 
# I am the child! 
@snap_pid.push child_pid 
end 
end
def restore 
Process.kill 'SIGCONT', @snap_pid[-1] 
Process.kill 'SIGSTOP', $$ 
end
Limitation: 
Shared file handles (inc. sockets!)
Limitation: 
External state.
Limitation: 
Threads. Not so much.
Limitation: 
Can only travel back to checkpoints 
(see also: Primer)
Limitation: 
Might crash the multiverse through 
memory exhaustion. I guess.
Wrap in a pry plugin 
and we're done, right?
Complication: 
Shell detects STOP
awwaiid@floyd:~$ pry 
[1] pry(main)> 
zsh: suspended (signal) pry
Fix: 
Make a dummy parent process 
that just sleeps (or sig-pause)
Complication: 
Killing parent snapshots
Fix: 
Let the One True (parent) snapshot 
kill all of its children (via SIGUSR1). 
(also: nope. totally wrong.)
Complication: 
Every snapshot wants to clean up
Fix: 
If you are not the current snapshot, 
terminate yourself without cleanup!
Complication: 
ZOMBIES
Zombie: 
Child process that has exited nicely 
but then the parent exited not-nicely. 
The process is dead, yet remains.
Great. Now we can go back!
I WANT MOAR
Tree of snapshots
TODO: auto-snapshot
References: 
https://github.com/TomOnTime/timetravelpdb 
http://programmers.stackexchange.com 
/questions/181527 
/why-is-reverse-debugging-rarely-used 
http://debug.elm-lang.org/
If I had the chance 
I'd write a better haiku 
oh wait, I HAVE A TIME MACHINE
THE END

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