1. The document discusses the Abbasid Caliphate from the 10th-11th centuries, noting several caliphs like Al Muti, At Tai, and Al Qadir and how they grew weaker over time due to the influence of other dynasties like the Buwayids. 2. It also discusses important scientific advances during this period by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Haytham in fields like medicine, optics, and astronomy. 3. Concurrently, it outlines the rise of other Islamic empires like the Fatimid Caliphate based in Egypt and the Seljuk Turks who came to dominate the Abbasids.

1. Abbasid caliphate

3. Political System
Al Muti was the 23rd caliph of the Abbasid caliphate
he ruled from 946 to 974
Came after the Buwahids came to Baghdad in
945, he came from his retirement and established
himself as the new caliph
He was not given the power to appoint the wazirs
by the Buwayid emirs
His greatest challenge was the Buwayhid sultan Mu’izz
Al Dawla

4. Political System
• At Tai was the 24th caliph of the Abbasid caliphate
• He reigned from year 974 to 991
• The dominion of the Abbasid shrunk
• He was deposed by Baha al Dawla, emir of the
Buwahid

5. Al Qadir Held office
from 991 to 1031
25 caliph of the
Abbasid and son of
the predecessor
Al Qaim became the
26 caliph of the
Abbasid caliphate
He was a weak ruler
and during his reign,
Baghdad had so much
turmoil
Abbasid caliphs
retained little more
than moral and
spiritual influence as
the heads of Orthodox
Sunni Islam.

6. Academia and Sciences
Ibn Sina regarded as the father of modern
medicine
Known as Avicenna in the west
Wrote the Canon of Medicine in 1025, (an
encyclopedia describing diseases and
treatments that were far ahead of any
medical work done in Europe.)

7. Academia and Sciences
He contributed in
other fields such as
geology, astronomy
and mathematics,
physics, chemistry,
meteorology and
other related fields
Another Latin edition of Ibn
Sina's Canon of Medicine printed
at Rome in 1593.

8. Academia and Sciences
1000 CE, 390 A.H Al-Haytham discovers that
white light consists of various rays of colored
light.
Al Hazen who made significant contribution
to the principles optic.
Al Biruni a great scholar well versed in physics,
mathematics, astronomy and natural sciences,
he was also a historian and a linguist.

9. Academia and Sciences
Abu Al-Qasim known as the father of surgery
He invented several devices used during surgery
He is also credited to be the first to describe ectopic
pregnancy in 963, in those days a fatal affliction.
Completion of the mosque of Cordoba.

10. The Great Mosque of Cordoba

11. There was an increase of Shia observance
Struggle against Shias
Declaration of the Baghdad manifesto to fight
against Shias
in 1029 , Al-Risala al-Qadiriyya was published by
the caliph al-Qadir criticizing the Mu’tazila and
Shi’te theology
Theology

12. Economy
Situated between three continents, the
caliphate enjoyed enormous trade with
china, west Europe and central Africa.
Non Muslims merchants and craftsmen were
allowed to reside within the caliphate and
carry on trade with their home countries,
which facilitated further long distance trade.
They traded with spices, minerals and dyes
from India

13. Economy
Gems and fabrics from Central Asia
Honey and wax from Scandivinia
Ivory and dust from Africa
In the slave markets, Muslim traders bought and sold Mongolians, Scandivians, Central Asia and
Africa.
They had a banking system and joint stock, and checks drawn on one bank could be cashed
somewhere else in the empire.
Trade began diverting to Egypt

14. Fatimid Caliphate Dynasty

15. Fatimid Caliphate
An Ismaili leader, Ubaydulla, conquers in 909 a stretch of north Africa, a Dynasty founded
known as the Fatimid.
In 969, a Fatimid army conquers Egypt, which now becomes the center of a kingdom, the
north Africa coast.
. Fatimid founded the city of Al-Qahiratu "the Victorious" in 969 as the new capital of
the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt.
Following a year, in 970 the Fatimid established in Cairo the UNIVERSITY OF MOSQUE
OF AL-AZHAR, which has remained ever since a Centre of Islamic learning.
The Fatimid Caliphate grew to include Sicily and to stretch across North Africa from the Atlantic
Ocean

16. Seljuk Dynasty
1
• The Seljuk Dynasty was an Islamic empire which occupied central Asia
and the middle east between the 11th and 14th centuries AD. Based in
Isfahan, the Seljuk also had capitals at Merv, Nishapur, and Rayy.
2
• The empire stretched throughout most of the middle east until it was
splintered by attacks from the Mongol hordes in the 14th century.

17. Seljuk Dynasty
During the 10th century, due to various events, the Oghuz had come into close
contact with Muslim cities.
They were Turkish Sunni Muslims that gradually adopted Persian culture.
They came to power following the collapse of the Abbasid dynasty when the
Fatimid dynasty in Cairo and other ruling families in Spain and North Africa had
already established separate ruling dynasties
Their leader, Tugrul Bey, forced the Abbasid caliph to name him sultan

18. Seljuk Dynasty
Even though the Abbasid
was ruled by the caliph, the
Seljuk had a lot of influence
in practice
Abbasid caliphs had moral and
spiritual influence as the heads of
Orthodox Sunni Islam and little
political activities
Converts to Sunni Islam,
the Seljuk based their
authority on their military
prowess. The Seljuk leader
Tughril (d. 1063) crossed
into Iran by 1043 and in
1055 entered Baghdad as
the new ruling sultan.

19. Byzantine Empire

20. Byzantine Empire
It was located on the European side of the Bosporus (the
strait linking the Black Sea to the Mediterranean), the site
of Byzantium was ideally located to serve as a transit and
trade point between Europe and Asia Minor
It’s capital city is the modern-day Istanbul, originally
founded as Byzantium.
the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and
specially military force in Europe

21. the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and specially military force
in Europe.
The Byzantine Empire, which lasted 1,100 years, is the reason why Greece
exists today
It is also the reason that we have so many well preserved texts from ancient times,
and it is the arguably reason why the West experienced the Renaissance
Byzantine Empire

22. Other Parts Of The World
Umayyad Abd al-Rahman III al-Nasr in Spain proclaims himself
Caliph 969
After the year 1000, Christian forces began reconquering the
Iberian peninsula (Hispania) and Sicily
Abbasid political unity weakened and independent or semi-
autonomous local dynasties were established in Egypt, Iran, and
other parts of the realm.

23. References
"Abassid". Encyclopedia Britannica . Cambridge University Press.
The Saylor Foundation (2012). The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic
Civilization;
American Heritage (2011). Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Copyright ©
2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin
H Harcourt Publishing Company.
The Saylor Foundation (2012). The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic
Civilization; retrieved February 24 2015.
Weebly (2015). Islamic Civilization: Abbasid Caliphate (750- mid 13th century); retrieved
February 24 2015. http://islamiccivilizationtimeline.weebly.com/abbasid-caliphate.html