2.
Paradise Lost – was published in 1667
Genre- Epic poem
An Epic Poem's a lengthy, revered narrative
poem about some fictional or nonfictional great
or heroic deed. It may also be a parody on
something or somebody, written in an epic
fashion.
Protagonist- Adam & Eve
3.
Milton's story has two narrative arcs: one is
of Satan (Lucifer) and the other is of Adam and
Eve. It begins after Satan and the other rebel
angels have been defeated and banished to Hell,
or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus.
In Pandæmonium, Satan employs his rhetorical
skill to organize his followers; he is aided
by Mammon and Beelzebub. Belial and Moloch are
also present. At the end of the debate, Satan
volunteers to poison the newly created Earth and
God's new and most favoured creation, Mankind.
4.
In the mid-seventeenth century, John Milton was a
successful poet and political activist. He wrote scathing
pamphlets against corruption in the Anglican Church
and its ties to King Charles. In Milton’s day Puritanism
meant having politically radical views. And at one
point Milton was actually jailed for recording them on
paper. Paradise Lost, as much as anything, is a series of
arguments put forth by the characters, which in turn
ultimately expresses Milton’s personal truth. It is, in
that sense, a Puritanical work.
5.
Milton had contemplated the composition of an
epic poem for many years. For his subject
matter he chose the fundamentals of Christian
theology. By the time he began writing
Paradise Lost in the late 1650’s, Milton had
become blind. He dictated the entire work to
secretaries.
6. When I consider how my light is spent
Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent which is death to hide
Lodg'd with me useless, though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker, and present
My true account, lest he returning chide,
"Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?"
I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent
That murmur, soon replies: "God doth not need
Either man's work or his own gifts: who best
Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state
Is kingly; thousands at his bidding speed
And post o'er land and ocean without rest:
They also serve who only stand and wait."
John Milton
7.
“It is not miserable to be blind; it is miserable to be
incapable of enduring blindness.” -John Milton
9. The being who personifies the infinity of
uncreated matter between Heaven, Hell, and
our universe. Chaos resents God’s intrusion on
his domain by creating the new world, and
cheers Satan on in his quest to destroy it.
10.
Think about these two age-old questions and
how they are related:
Why does evil exist?
If there is a merciful God, why does he allow so
much human suffering?
11.
The Bible says that Satan was created by God
as a cherub, the most powerful of God's angelic
beings.Some time after his creation and before
the creation of mankind, Satan rebelled against
God and took one third of the angels (now
referred to as demons) with him into rebellion.
12.
Satan wasn't finished in his rebellion against
God. Satan took on the form of a snake in the
garden of Eden to tempt Eve. He managed to
convince Eve that God's instructions against
eating from the tree of the knowledge of good
and evil were done as a way of keeping
something good from her. She believed Satan's
lie that she would "become like God."We don't
know where Adam was at the time of Satan's
temptation, but he followed his wife's lead and
also disobeyed God's instructions.
13.
The Lord has shown me that Satan was once an
honored angel in heaven, next to Jesus Christ.
His countenance was mild, expressive of
happiness like the other angels. His forehead
was high and broad, and showed great
intelligence. His form was perfect. He had
noble, majestic bearing.
14.
And I saw that when God said to his Son, Let
us make man in our image, Satan was jealous
of Jesus. He wished to be consulted concerning
the formation of man. He was filled with envy,
jealousy and hatred. He wished to be the
highest in heaven, next to God, and receive the
highest honors. Until this time all heaven was
in order, harmony and perfect subjection to the
government of God.
17.
In the book of Revelation Satan is described as
having 7 heads and 10 horns. In Revelation 12
he is called the dragon with 7 heads and 10
horns. In Revelation 13 and 17 he is called the
beast with 7 heads and 10 horns. In each case
the Bible is describing the same being.
Whenever you see a creature in the Bible with 7
heads and 10 horns you can know immediately
that it is talking about Satan.
21.
Invocation and introduction of poem's theme
An account of Satan's revolt and expulsion
from Heaven
Dialogue between Satan and Beelzebub
The other devils' rallying around Satan - the
demonic host listed
Satan's speech to the legions (about the creation
of man)
The building of Pandemonium
22. “Of Man’s first disobedience, and the fruit
Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste
Brought death into the world, and, all our woe,
With the loss of Eden, till one greater Man
Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,(1-5)
refers to original sin of Adam and Eve
brought humans death for the first time
23.
His poem will be better than all other classical
writings
Reason for writing
“And justify the ways of God to men” (26).
Why God permits humans to suffer and die
His poem will tell of the epic battle between God and
Lucifer
24. “Say first, for Heaven hides nothing from thy view,
Nor the deep tract of Hell, say first what cause
Moved our grand parents in that happy state,
Favored of Heaven so highly, to fall off
From their Creator, and transgress his will
For one restraint” (27-32).
God saw the transgression of Adam and Eve
Questions how this came about
25. “Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
The infernal Serpent, he who was, whose guile,
Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived
The mother of mankind, what time his pride
Had cast him out from Heaven, with his host
Of rebel angels…” (33-38).
Satan corrupted God’s plan out of vengeance
God allows evil to exist in order that good may arise from it
Satan thrown out of Heaven by God
He is to blame for original sin
26.
God's only commandment to Adam and Eve in the
beginning was not to eat the fruit of the Tree of
Knowledge, which would impart knowledge of good
and evil that would eliminate their innocence-innocence not entirely different from the innocence of
small children and animals, who have no
understanding of good and evil.
Satan argued that without knowing evil, how can you
know how to avoid it? or how to enjoy what is good,
not knowing what is good?
27.
He wanted to be like God
Rebelled and was punished
“To set himself in glory above his peers,
He trusted to have equaled the Most High,
If he opposed; and with ambitious aim
Against the throne and monarchy of God,
Raised impious was in Heaven and battle proud
With vain attempt.”(39-44)
28.
The book of Job tells us that, for a time at least,
Satan still had access to heaven and to the throne
of God. “One day the angels came to present
themselves before the LORD, and Satan also came
with them. The LORD said to Satan, ’Where have
you come from?’ Satan answered the LORD, ‘From
roaming through the earth and going back and
forth in it’” (Job 1:6-7 ). Apparently at that time,
Satan was still moving freely between heaven and
earth, speaking to God directly and answering for
his activities. At what point God discontinued this
access is unknown.
29.
Why did Satan fall from heaven? Satan fell
because of pride. He desired to be God, not to
be a servant of God. Notice the many “I will...”
statements in Isaiah 14:12-15 . Ezekiel 28:1215 describes Satan as an exceedingly beautiful
angel. Satan was likely the highest of all angels,
the most beautiful of all of God's creations, but
he was not content in his position. Instead,
Satan desired to be God, to essentially “kick
God off His throne” and take over the rule of
the universe. Satan wanted to be God, and
interestingly enough, that is what
30.
Satan tempted Adam and Eve with in the
Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:1-5 ). How did Satan
fall from heaven? Actually, a fall is not an
accurate description. It would be far more
accurate to say God cast Satan out of heaven
(Isaiah 14:15 ; Ezekiel 28:16-17 ). Satan did not
fall from heaven; rather, Satan was pushed out
of heaven.
31.
Consider that Adam is the animus and Eve is the anima. The
garden of Eden is the inner sanctum. Adam is made from the
breath of God or Grace. Sometimes referred to as the "Kiss of
God." The snake represents the upsurge of Passion or Kundalini.
However, neither Adam or Eve have completed strengthening
their primary characteristics. So, instead of being enlightened,
they have caused a mixing of matter and anti-matter which causes
Eden to be annihilated and the couple to be thrown out. In order
for Adam/animus to find salvation, He must work for his
bread(Grace). Her salvation is not found in the same way that
Adam does, she is warned that she will suffer great pains of child
birth(Killing ego, or being initiated)
33.
Milton uses darkness and imagery to indicate
the horridness of Hell
“fiery gulf (52)
“dungeon horrible” (61)
“No light, but rather darkness visible” (63)
“discover sights of woe” (64)
34. “He soon discerns, and weltering by his side
One next himself in power, and next in crime,
Long after known in Palestine, and named
Beelzebub” (78-81).
Second in power under Satan
35. “…so much the stronger proved
He with his thunder; and till then who knew
The force of those of those dire arms?” (92-94).
Did not realize the strength and power of God
36. “the unconquerable will,
And study of revenge, immortal hate,
And courage never to submit or yield:
And what is else not to be overcome?” (106-109)
Driving force for Satan
God was upset by the battle- he was uncertain
about the outcome
37.
Will wage war against God’s tyranny
God in heaven rejoicing
Take action once again
39.
Questions if they are still slaves of God’s
Their punishment in hell is to do God’s bidding
in hell
40. “to be weak is miserable” (157)
“To do aught good never will be our task,
But ever to do ill our sole delight
As being the contrary to his high will
Whom we resist” (158-162).
Only commit deeds of evil
God cannot control that
His evil will equal God’s goodness
41. “…this is the seat
That we must change for Heaven, this mournful gloom
For that celestial light? Be it so, since he
Who now is sovereign can dispose and bid
What shall be right: farthest from him is best,
Whom reason hath equaled, force hath made supreme
Above his equals.” (243-249)
Accepts his new placement and wants to reign sovereign
Happy to have his own kingdom to rule
Proves he is God’s equal
Pride
“Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven” (263)
Eager to rally his forces- needs support to rebel against God
42.
Something in the poem is compared to
something quite outside the poem
Compares Satan to Titans and Greeks from
mythology (196-208)
Compares his landing to smashing of a hill or
volcano which create an explosive force (230-237)
43.
“If anyone worships the beast and his image
and receives his mark on the forehead or on the
hand, he, too, will drink of the wine of God's
fury, which has been poured full strength into
the cup of his wrath.”
Revelation 14:9,10
44.
There is a Bible prophecy that tells us how long
God will allow this world of sin to continue.
There is a limit to God's patience with sin and
this limit will be reached in the fall of 2015.
Read a summary of the Bible evidence that the
end of the world will come in 2015.
45.
1.Worldwide earthquake
“Then the angel took the censer, filled it with fire from the altar,
and threw it to the earth. And there were noises, thunderings,
lightnings, and an earthquake.” Revelation 8:5
Then comes the 4 Trumpets of Hell
1.Trumpet 1 – Shower of meteorites
“The first angel sounded: And hail and fire followed, mingled
with blood, and they were thrown to the earth. And a third of the
trees were burned up, and all green grass was burned up.”
Revelation 8:7
46.
2.Trumpet 2 – A meteor will fall into the ocean
“Then the second angel sounded: And something like a great
mountain burning with fire was thrown into the sea, and a third
of the sea became blood. And a third of the living creatures in the
sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed.” Revelation
8:8,9
3.Trumpet 3 – An asteroid falls upon the earth
“Then the third angel sounded: And a great star fell from heaven,
burning like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the
springs of water. The name of the star is Wormwood. A third of
the waters became wormwood, and many men died from the
water, because it was made bitter.” Revelation 8:10,11
47.
4.Trumpet 4 – Darkness
“Then the fourth angel sounded: And a third of the sun was
struck, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third
of them were darkened. A third of the day did not shine, and
likewise the night.” Revelation 8:12
THE BEAST ARRIVES?
48.
Critics and writers such as William Blake and
Percy Bysshe Shelley believed Satan to be the
hero of Paradise Lost. Yet the problems inherent in
viewing Satan as a hero have led modern critics
to reject this idea. As Lewalski writes, "by
measuring Satan against the heroic standards, we
become conscious of the inadequacy and fragility
of all the heroic virtues celebrated in literature, of
the susceptibility of them all to demonic
perversion"
Hinweis der Redaktion
With original sin, humans lost home in Paradise and must now wait ofr Jesus to come and restore humankind to its former glory.
better than Virgil and Homer
Virgil and Homer tell of battles- Milton writes about the most important battle to humans
His poem is for all human kind; therefore, far superior
Milton begins Paradise Lost in the middle of things “en meda Res”
Most epic poems begin this way
He begins the story with Satan and Beelzebub already in hell.