This can be used in differentiating the different genres and in the discovery of some basic elements of fiction and poetry.

1. The Five Genres
of
Literature

2. The Five Genres of Literature...
... have their own form.
... follow their own specifications of rules in
composition.
... have various structures.
... are unique from each other.
... are still interconnected.

3. Novel
The Novel

4. The Novel
- it is the longest genre of literature.
- it is usually in narrative form.
- it comes in prose.
- it mimics the human experience.
- it has several elements that make it complex.

5. The Two Types of Novels
1. Bildungsroman (Novel of Formation)- is a type
of novel that is concerned with the education,
development stage, and the coming of age of a
protagonist, that is from childhood to
adolescence. This usually deals with how the
protagonist aims to become a great artist in the
future, but ends up settling as a mere useful
citizen.

6. The Two Types of Novels
2. Kunstlerroman (Apprenticeship Novel)- is a type
of novel that concerns the development of the
youth or an individual into a painter, musician, or a
poet.

7. Examples:
Title: The Perks if Being a Wallflower
Author: Stephen Chbosky
This is a story about a typical
teenager from school who experiences a
coming-of-age upon meeting a
schoolmate.
Title: Dear John
Author: Nicholas Sparks
This is a romance novel that
portrays the present American society
that involves painful goodbyes in service
of the country.
Title: Those Who Save Us
Author: Jenna Blum
This novel expresses the
struggles, the nightmares, and the
atrocity caused by the Nazi Power.
Title: Everything, Everything
Author: Nicola Yoon
This is a novel about a sick
teenager who finds meaning in life
through love and the appreciation of
everything around her.
Title: Two Boys Kissing
Author: David Levithan
This is a heartbreaking novel
about how gay teens strive for
acceptance and the want to secure love.
Title: A Knight to Remember
Author: Bridget Essex
This is a novel anchored on
fntasy, but focuses on the struggle of a
character who shows lesbian tendencies.

8. Novel
Poetry

9. Poetry
- it is the shortest piece of compostion.
- in the case of epics, this can be lengthy in
form.
- it has rythm.
- it has a pattern of musicality.
- it is composed of lines and stanzas.

10. Examples:
1. Ang Huling Tula na Isusulat Ko Para sa Iyo
by Juan Miguel Severo
2. OCD by Neil Hilborn
3. I Rise by Maya Angelou
4. The Emperor's New Sonnet by Jose Garcia Villa
5. Iliad by Homer

11. Novel
Fiction

12. Fiction
- it is widely known as the short story.
- it is the shortened version of a novel.
- it has reoccurring characters.
- it is usually made less complicated by having
everything in singularity.
- it follows the singularity in emotions.

13. Examples:
1. Champoon by Theb Mahapaorya
2. Rashomon by Ryunosuke Akutagawa
3. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner
4. The Baby in the Bottle by Benjamin Bautista
5. The Magic Barrel by Bernard Malamud

14. Novel
Drama

15. Drama
- it deals with the stage.
- it involves actors and actresses; thus, the
presence of properties and other aesthetics.
- it highly involves dialogues.
- it utilizes music .
- it elaborates voalization and body
movement.

16. Examples:
Title: The Chairs
Playwright: Eugene Ionesco
This play is about an Old
Man and Old Woman who are
frantically aranging chairs for
invisible guests. In the end, both of
them commit suicide by juming
into the ocean.
Title: Madame Butterfly
Playwright: Giacomo Puccini
This play is about love,
obssession, lust, and deception.
Title: New Yorker in Tondo
Playwright: Alfredo Tolentino
This play is about a girl
who went to New York and came
back to the Philippines bringing
with her the culture of the
Americans, stories, and secrets.
Title: Romeo and Juliet
Playwriight: William Shakespeare
This play is about the star
-crossed lovers who found their
eternal happiness in being together
by death.

17. Novel
Essay

18. Essay
- it is realistic, because it addresses issues,
concerns, situations, etc.
- it is aademic and professional.
- it is formal.
- it is straightforward.
- themes that are unrealistic cannot be
utilized.

19. Examples:
1. Why I Write by George Orwell
2. The Devil Finds Work by James Baldwin
3. Pieces and Pontifications by Norman Mailer
4. Salvador by Joan Didion
5. A Tragic Incident at Ravenna by George
Gordon, Lord Byron

20. Let's Have Some Japanese
KOKOLOGY

21. Basic
Literary
Devices

22. Novel
Symbolism

23. Sybolism
-it is the use of an object or word to represent
an abstract idea. In literature, the use of
symbolism can emerge from an action of a
person, a place, an animal, colors or sound
that represent or symbolizes something
deeper in meaning.

24. Examples:
1. Object or Word
Iron Bars- Constraint
Crown- Power
2. Action of a Person
Frowning- Shows displeasure, sadness, and
other negative responses.
Shrieking- Shows extreme fear.

25. Examples:
3. A Place
Mecca- The center of something.
Syberia- Alienated
4. An Animal
Bird- Freedom and Perspective
5. Color
Yellow- Decomposition or Decay
6. Sound
Knell- Death

26. Novel
Voice

27. Voice
-it is the over-all personality of a writer. It is
what a writer is usually known for (e.g.
sarcasm, comic relief, religious, etc.)

28. Novel
Tone

29. Tone
-it is usually confused with voice. It represents
the current mood of the writer in a piece. A
writer can be known for sarcasm, while his or
her tone can be humorous. A writer may also
be religious, while his or her tone is bitter.

30. Example:
Voice
Dr. Jose Rizal - He is a propagandist
Works: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
- Making fun or ridicule of the evils
in the behaviour of men, especially the friars;
satirical and sarcastic.

31. Example:
Tone
Works:
Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell)- Patriotic
The Moth- Educational or Moralizing
Sa Aking mga Kabata- Patriotic

32. Novel
Foreshadowing

33. Foreshadowing
-it is a literary device in which a writer gives
an advance hint of what is to come later in
the story. It often appears at the beginning of
a story or a chapter and helps the reader
develop expectations about the coming
events in a story.

34. Novel
Deux
Ex
Machina

35. Deux Ex Machina
-any part of written literature wherein a divine
entity intervenes with a problem and is the
reason for its solution. It is also called “Divine
Intervention”.

36. Novel
Theme

37. Theme
-it is the central topic of the text or the topic
that the text is trying to focus on.”.

38. The Two Types of Themes:
1. Thematic Concept
- it is what the readers think the work is about.
Example:
Sleeping beauty is about finding the love of
your life.

39. The Two Types of Themes:
2. Thematic Statement
- it is what the work actually says about the
subject.
Example:
Sleeping beauty is about patience and waiting
for the right moment in your life to succeed in
things.