15. Same people and territory included at state
and federal levels of government
Constitution protects each level of
government from encroachment
Each is in position to exert degree of leverage
over the other
16.
17.
18. Permits diversity, diffusion of power
Local governments can handle local problems
More ways for political participation
Protects individual rights
Fosters experimentation and innovation
Large country with diverse population
19. National unity difficult
State governments may resist national policies
Economic inequality and racial discrimination
Law enforcement and justice uneven
Smaller units may lack expertise and money
20.
21. “Layer-Cake”
National and state
governments have
separate influence
Founding Era to first
third of 20th century
(~1930s)
22. “Marble-Cake”
National and state
government work
together for Americans
Dominant since FDR and
New Deal (1930s)
23.
24. Grants specific powers
to national government
Limits on powers
granted to federal
government and states
Lays out relationships
among states and
between states and
federal government
25.
26. Article I, Section 8
Enumerated Powers
Examples:
Coin money
Regulate interstate and
foreign commerce
Tax imports and exports
Make treaties
Declare war
27. Known as “elastic clause”
Grants Congress power to pass laws “which
shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the Foregoing powers”
28. 10th Amendment
Reserved Powers
“Police Power”
States may regulate
behavior and enforce
order for general
welfare, health, safety,
and morals of citizens
29. Guarantee Clause (Article IV, Section 4)
“The United States shall guarantee to every
state in this union a republican form of
government, and shall protect each of them
against invasion; and on application of the
legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature
cannot be convened) against domestic violence.”
30. Concurrent Powers
Taxing
Borrowing and
Spending Money
Establishing Court
Systems
Regulating Elections
31.
32.
33. “Writ of Habeas Corpus”
Latin for “have you the body”
Individuals convicted of a crime have right to
go before judge and answer charges
34. States cannot enter treaties or alliances
14th and 15th Amendments to Constitution
Fourteenth: Due Pr0cess Clause
Fifteenth: Voting Rights
35.
36. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
NATION AND STATES
Supremacy Clause
ArticleVI, Clause 2
“This Constitution, and the
Laws of the United States…
shall be the supreme law
of the land…”
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN STATES
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Privileges & Immunities Clause
“The Congress shall have power to
make all laws which shall be
necessary and proper to secure to the
citizens of each state all privileges
and immunities of citizens in the
several states...”
52. Johnson: Categorical Grants
Money marked for certain categories
Nixon: General Revenue Sharing
Money spent however states want
Reagan: Block Grants
Local areas decide how to spend money
54. Johnson: Categorical Grants
Money marked for certain categories
Nixon: General Revenue Sharing
Money spent however states want
Reagan: Block Grants
Local areas decide how to spend money
Clinton: Unfunded Mandates
Legal requirements Congress imposes on states
States forced to bow to federal government