Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Produced Water | Session V - Tim Kustic
1.
2. An Overview of California’s
Produced Water
Tim Kustic, State Oil and Gas Supervisor
California Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources
3. Organizational Structure
Governor’s Office
Natural Resources Agency
Department of Conservation
Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal
Resources
4. …Supervisor shall so supervise the drilling,
operation, maintenance, and abandonment
of wells and the operation, maintenance, and
removal or abandonment of tanks and
facilities…
Division Mandates
5. ...so as to prevent, as far as possible, damage to
life, health, property, and natural resources;
damage to underground oil and gas deposits
from infiltrating water… prevent damage…and
waste… to underground and surface waters.
Division Mandates
6. …Supervisor shall also supervise… to permit the
owners… to utilize all methods… and practices
known to the industry for the purpose of increasing
the ultimate recovery.
Division Mandates
7. To best meet oil and gas needs in this state, the
Supervisor shall administer this division so as to
encourage the wise development of oil and gas
resources.
Division Mandates
29. 2012 Top 10 Oil Producing Fields
Field Name Total Oil
Produced
Total Water Produced API
Gravity
API
Gravity
TDS
Average
TDS Range Water
Cut
Injection
(million bbl) (million bbl) (1000 Acre Feet) Range Average (ppm) (1000 ppm) (%) (million bbl)
1 Midway-Sunset 29.30 224.21 28.90 8-40 23.4 8,924 1-49 88.4 218.7
2 Kern River 26.19 315.11 40.62 11-14 12.9 2,330 0.4-11.1 92.3 82.7
3 Belridge, South 23.62 305.29 39.35 8-47 23.4 22,525 2.6-39 92.8 314.5
4 Elk Hills 13.93 167.63 21.61 17-39 29.8 25,971 4.6-43 92.3 173.2
5 Cymric 13.69 107.04 13.80 10-46 17.6 13,591 3-24 88.7 57.5
6 Wilmington 13.26 492.14 63.44 9-31 8.9 28,705 20-36 97.4 530.3
7 Lost Hills 10.74 134.24 17.30 8-42 23.6 21,729 1.2-56 92.6 135.8
8 San Ardo 7.27 114.42 14.75 10-15 12.0 7,200 7200 94.0 92.6
9 Coalinga 5.54 57.78 7.45 8-31 17.6 5,467 3-14 91.2 45.0
10 Ventura 5.08 50.15 6.46 20-45 29.9 20,018 17.1-23 90.8 55.6
30.
31.
32. Water Injection
Total Produced Water Injection: 2.7 Billion bbls/yr
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): 1.9 Billion bbls/yr (70%)
o Water Flood - 50%
o Steam Flood - 13%
o Cyclic Steam - 6%
Water Disposal (WD): .8 Billion bbls/yr (30%)
33.
34. Non-Injected Produced Water
Total Produced Water Non-Inject: 866 Million bbls/yr
Evaporation - Percolation: 624 Million bbls/yr (72%)
Freshwater Use: 198 Million bbls/yr (23%)
Sewer Systems: 44 Million bbls/yr (5%)
Body of regulations to supervise/regulate industryGeothermal too
The why – protect the environment
ALSO allow innovation to produce natural resources
The dual role supervise and encourageFirst annual report statement
Energy and Environment - First environmental actions – not regulation but case lawHM - 1850
Original challenge
OFFSHORE Next
1880’s
Urban issuesBack when most folks wanted an oilwellSubsurface issues
Urban Challenges
Urban Challenges
Urban oilfield operations
Largest single program3 billion bbls / year injectedPrimacy since 198340,000 wells
SubsidenceProduced water is not waste water.Operators buy 30 million bbls/yr
1985 Peak
Water cut about 90%
EOR is recycle for beneficial use~13 % in make-up water
Perc-Evp pondsSurface
EOR is recycle for beneficial use
San Ardo / Arroyo Grande
San Ardo / Arroyo Grande
Since 1950, for Oil in tight formationsAverage water <200,000 galFlowback ~.09% of all injected fluid.Flowback – is Class II – into existing wells. Total HF fluid is .09% of ~3 billion bbls annually injected.
Green energy Power SF
Geothermal Fishing Job
Green energy Power SF
Oil here v. import – cost/ emissions to import - regulation at foreign extraction sites2012 slight increase – first since mid 1980’s - more holes in old fields – sustained high prices – not HFEncourage the wise development of the resources for the citizens of CACan put down the mic w/o mentioning we are hiring - please stop by our booth for more information