Brief responses to 3 topics on the female reproductive system - chapter 10 assignment

1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Chapter 10 Presentation
By Amal Shaar
Medical Terminology

2. Gynecologist
A physician who specializes in treating conditions and diseases of
the female reproductive system

3. Requirements for a Gynecologist
 Bachelor's degree
 Doctor of medicine degree (MD)
 Must complete a 4 year residency including at least 1 year
internship.
 Gynecologists with a sub-specialty should complete up to 3 years
additional training.
 All states require gynecologists to be licensed.
 Gynecologists must be board certified.
 Gynecologists must complete continuing education classes to stay
up to date on medical and technological advancements.

4. What does a gynecologist do?
 Examine and treat many different issues related to the
female reproductive system such as gynecological
diseases, pregnancy, and fertility
 They can deal with a range of conditions such as cancer,
amenorrhea, dysmenorrhoea, urine incontinence, and
prolapse of pelvic organs
 In addition to providing contraceptive choices, they also
provide procedures such as pap smears, biopsies, and
hysterectomies
 Many gynecologists specialize in obstetrics and provide
pregnancy care during and immediately after pregnancy

5. THREE STAGES OF LABOR &
DELIVERY

6. Dilation is the first stage of labor
Labor is defined as the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus through
the vagina. The length of this stage varies from mother to mother.
- This stage consists of regular uterine contractions
- The fetus presses against the cervix causing it to expand or dilate
- As it dilates the cervix becomes thinner, process known as
effacement
- When the cervix has reached 10 cm the second stage begins
Stage 1: Dilation Stage

7. The expulsion begins when the cervix is fully dilated, and
ends when the baby is born
- Uterine contractions strengthen and become more frequent making the
mother feel the need to “bear down” and push
- The baby goes through a series of passive movements where the head
undergoes flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and
crowning (the first sign of the baby's head)
- Complete expulsion of the baby signals the successful completion of the
second stage of labor
Stage 2: Expulsion Stage

8. The Placental Stage is the period
from just after the fetus is expelled
until just after the placenta is
expelled
- Begins as a physiological separation
from the wall of the uterus
- Placental expulsion can be managed
actively or expectantly without medical
assistance, but active management
reduces the risk of postpartum
bleeding like obstetric hemorrhaging
- Sometimes the amniotic sac does not
rupture during labor and the infant can
be born with the membranes intact,
condition known as "being born in the
caul." This condition is harmless as the
sac can be easily broken and wiped
away
Stage 3: Placental Stage

9. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy-
Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
(TAH-BSO)
One of the longest
terms in medicine
refers to the
complete removal
of the uterus,
cervix, ovaries, and
fallopian tubes

10. There are 2 parts to the surgery
1. A total abdominal hysterectomy, or TAH, is the removal of the uterus and
cervix
2. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or BSO is the removal of the fallopian tubes
and ovaries
This surgery is typically done if a mass or growth is found in that area. In the
event that the growth is cancerous and to prevent the spread to other areas
the organs are removed.
That is why, even though the tumor may have started on the ovary, the uterus,
cervix and fallopian tubes are also removed.
TAH-BSO

11. Why is this
surgery needed?
There are two main
reasons for surgery.
 The first is to find
out what the
abnormal growth
or mass is and in
what organ it
started.
 The second is to
remove as much of
the mass as
possible.
TAH-BSO

12. What fills the empty space when
everything is removed?
After a TAH-BSO, the intestines will dip
down to fill the space
TAH-BSO