Running head illness and disease managementillness and dise

1. Running head: ILLNESS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
ILLNESS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Illness and Disease Management CKD Care PlanBetsy
QuinonesFebruary 20, 2021
NSG4055- Illness And Disease Management across a Lifespan
Professor Amber Mccall
Chronic Kidney Disease Care Plan
Description
Chronic kidney disease describes the gradual loss of kidney
function. The role of the kidney is to filter excess fluids and
wastes from the blood. The advanced stage of chronic kidney
disease results in the build-up of high levels of waste in the
blood that may lead to complications such as anemia, high
blood pressure, poor nutritional health, bone weakness, and
nerve damage. Chronic kidney disease occurrence is interrelated
with other conditions such as high blood pressure, blood vessel
and heart diseases, diabetes, and other disorders.
The rationale of selecting the condition
Among the United States population, more than 1 in 7 adults
may have chronic kidney disease. According to the Healthy
People 2030 report, the prevalence of this condition is highest
among low-income and minority ethnic groups. Establishing
awareness of this condition is very important since most people
with chronic kidney disease do not know they have it. People
with CKD have a high chance of developing stroke and heart
disease that leads to early death, therefore, a lot of focus has
recently been placed on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
of chronic kidney disease.
Good public awareness of CKD is important to help manage risk
factors like high blood pressure and diabetes and to develop
strategies of early screening and diagnosis and diagnosis of
high-risk groups so that they can get the necessary treatment.

2. About 10 % of the global population is affected by CKD and
millions of people die each year due to poor or lack of
management or treatment of this condition. The mortality and
morbidity associated with this condition is a massive loss in the
global economy due to reduced productive medical expenses.
Questionnaire of acquiring information for creating a care plan
1. Does the patient have a family history of cardiovascular
disease or diabetes?
2. What is the patient’s level of awareness about CKD?
3. What is the degree of kidney damage, and are there any
complications that have been developed?
4. When did the patient start experiencing symptoms?
5. Does the patient have hypertension or postural changes?
6. Does the patient experience any chest pain? If yes, what are
the location, nature of radiation, and severity?
7. What does the laboratory result reveal about the patient’s
fluid and electrolyte balance?
8. Is the patient undergoing dialysis? If yes, then for how long?
9. What is/are the possible cause of the patient’s CKD?
10. Which type of treatments or drugs is the patient receiving
currently, and what is the response?
11. Are the patient’s caregivers adequately aware of the
evidence-based management practices of CKD?
12. What are the results obtained from evaluating heart sounds,
peripheral pulses, vascular congestion, capillary refill, and
temperature measurement?
13. What is the level of the patient’s activity intolerance?
14. How has the patient’s condition affected his/her thought
processes?
15. What is the level of pain experienced by the patient?
Morbidity and comorbidity of chronic kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease is a debilitating disease that affects
various organs and organ systems in the body and is related to
an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The
three most common comorbidities of chronic kidney disease
include diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. About

3. 41.9% of patients with CKD are multi-morbid and can present
with more than one comorbid condition.
The other comorbid conditions associated with CKD include;
malignancies, liver disease, gout, cerebrovascular disease,
ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, gout,
tuberculosis, and anemia. Studies have revealed that smoking,
age, and proteinuria are highly associated with the increased
risk of multi-morbidity. Comorbidities in CKD patients should
be treated to lower the burden of the disease and to slow down
the deterioration of renal function.
Diabetes and hypertension can be considered to be concordant
comorbidities that cause CKD while heart failure and coronary
disease are often accompanied by CKD. There is, however, a
limit that is known about the burden of mental health and
discordant conditions. In 2017, it was estimated that CKD
caused 1.2 million deaths and was the leading cause of mortality
worldwide. CKD was also estimated to have caused 35.8 million
disability-adjusted life years. It has been established that old
age, low educational status, and smoking are the greatest risk of
multi-morbidity. Determining the number of comorbidities in
patients ensures there are simple, valid, and readily applicable
methods for predicting renal outcomes in patients.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on patient morbidity to the
overall national health.
CKD impacts the life of a patient in so many ways. This
condition promotes an additional risk of cardiovascular disease
and death. Management of chronic kidney failure and the
associated conditions may become very expensive to the
patients and their families. The condition in its advanced stage
causes patient disability leading to patient dependency, loss of
social, and economic function. CKD being a complex condition
may affect a patient’s access to medical or health insurance due
to insurers’ fear of increased cost.
CKD may subject the patient to uncomfortable situations i.e.
having to use multiple pharmacological drugs to manage CKD
and its comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension

4. as well as dialysis. As far as the overall national health is
concerned, the impact is largely socioeconomic. The association
of this condition with morbidity and comorbidities hence
causing disability and social and economic impairment. Studies
conducted by a total of 37 studies estimated that societal and
healthcare costs of CKD ranged from $1600 to $25037 for
patients with stages 1-3 of CKD. The high cost diverted to CKD
and associated conditions paralyzes other national issues hence
causing an imbalance in national programs and development.
Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives
The healthy people 2020 goals and objects include:
· Elimination of disparities among kidney disease patients
· A reduction in the kidney disease burden
· Longer lives and improved quality of life for people with CKD
Conclusion
Chronic kidney disease is costly to manage and many times
patients become non compliant because they may not have
insurance, the copayment, and/or a ride to the dialysis center.
Many times patients also get fed up and tired with getting
dialysis. With the care plan questions provided and the Healthy
People 2020 goals I hope to be able to better manage patients
with chronic kidney disease.
References
Carney, E. F. (2020). The impact of chronic kidney disease on
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of%20all%2Dcause%20mortality.

5. Foundation, N. K. (n.d.). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Symptoms and causes. National Kidney Foundation. Retrieved
from https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/about-chronic-
kidney-disease
Foundation, N. K. (n.d.). Global Facts: About Kidney Disease.
National Kidney Foundation. Retrieved from
https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/global-facts-about-
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disease#:~:text=10%25%20of%20the%20population%20worldwi
de,have%20access%20to%20affordable%20treatment.
Staff, M. C. (n.d.). Chronic kidney disease. Mayo Clinic.
Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-
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Wen-Chin Lee, Y.-T. L.-C.-Y.-H.-T.-C.-Y.-T. (2018). The
Number of Comorbidities Predicts Renal Outcomes in Patients
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xt=The%20three%20most%20common%20comorbidities,prevale
nce%20of%20hypertension%20approached%2090%25.