Pedestrian and Bicycle facility planning for kochi city region,part 1 study area introduction

1. PEDESTRIAN FACILITY PLANNING
FOR KOCHI CITY REGION
ARUN C BABU
12AR60R09
M C P 2 ND Y E A R

2. KOCHI CITY
•Situated south west of Ernakulum district, in central Kerala.
•Located facing the Arabian sea in the Ernakulum district of
Kerala.
•Commercial capital of Kerala .
•Largest urban agglomeration in the state & 2nd largest on the
western coast.
CLIMATE
•Kochi features a tropical monsoon climate.
•Annual temperatures range between 23 to 31 °c (73–88 °f).
• Average annual rainfall is 3,228.3 mm
•South-west monsoon from June to September and northeast
monsoon from October to December.
Source : http://www.corporationofcochin.net/

3. PROFILE OF THE CITY – DEMOGRAPHY
Literacy rate comparison
Population of Kochi city
100
98
96
94
92
90
88
700,000
600,000
500,000
male
female
Kerala
400,000
Eranakulam
Kochi city
Source : Censes of India, 2011
Decadal growth rate (%)
300,000
20
200,000
16.63
10
10
5.65
0
100,000
0
average
1981
1991
2001
0.86
Decadal growth
rate (%)
2011
Source : Censes of India, 2011
1981
1991
2001
2011
Persons
513,249
564,589
596,473
601,574
Males
258,323
283,432
295,351
296,668
Females
254,926
281,157
301,122
304,906
Source : Censes of India, 2011
•Nearly 2.5 lakhs people commute to the city center
daily.
•In the next 20 years, the population of Kochi city is
expected to touch 2 million mark.

4. PROFILE OF THE CITY – ECONOMY
Distribution of population according to occupational
status
Industry
Private service service
0.12%
1.95%
Business
Government service
0.15%
2.61%
Professional
3.97%
Not specified
Cultivator
14.58%
3.89%
Economic base:
Export and import
Fishing
Manufacturing
industries
like
FACT,
Travancore
cochin
chemicals,
HMT,
Apollo
tyres, shipbuilding etc.
Others
6.44%
Casual laborer
13.22%
Retired
6.11%
Student
22.53%
Unemployed
1.00%
Housewife
23.42%
Source: CDP, Kochi city
Information
technology
and
information
technology
enabled
services: Wipro, TATA consultancy
services and cognizant have an active
presence in the city.
Tourism sector
Banking and finance sector
Port activities
Cochin stock exchange

5. PROFILE OF THE CITY
- TRANPORT NETWORK
ROAD NETWORK


The city has a road density of 1.03 km per
1,000 population and 6.47 km per sq km of
developed area.
NH 17, NH 47 and NH 49 connects city with
other regions
DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD NETWORK
3%
8%
Arterial road
25%
64%
Sub-arterial road
Collector street
Local streets
DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD NETWORK IN
KOCHI CITY ACCORDING TO RIGHT-OF-WAY
1%
8% 3%
<5m
5m - 10 m
35%
53%
10m - 20 m
20 m - 30 m
>40 m
Source: Traffic and Transportation System Study for Cochin City,
NATPAC, Final Report, October 2008
Source: CDP, Kochi city

6. PROFILE OF THE CITY- TRANPORT NETWORK
RAIL NETWORK


•
•
Cochin City has the benefit of two major railway stations viz., Ernakulum Town (North), and Ernakulum Junction
(South).
Cochin City is connected to major urban centers in the State as well as to the up-country destinations through
two major railway lines. These are,
The Thiruvanathapuram-Thrissur railway line via Kottayam.
The railway line from Kayamkulam to Ernakulam via Alappuzha.
•WATER TRANSPORT NETWORK
Kochi has a good network of inland waterway system consisting of backwaters, canals, lagoons and estuaries.
National Waterway No.3 connecting Kollam and Kottappuram passes through the region. The State Water Transport
Department (SWTD), Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation (KSINC) and private operators are
providing passenger and cargo boat services to the nearby islands and industrial centers located in this region.
AIR CONNECTIVITY
Cochin International Airport (CIAL) , situated at Nedumbassery is about 28 km (17 mi) north of Kochi city, and
handles both domestic and international flights.

7. STUDY AREA
RAILWAY STATION
BOAT JETTY
KSRTC BUS STAND
PRIVATE BUS STAND
HIGH COURT
INTERNATIONAL
STADIUM
MOBILITY HUB
PROPOSED METRO
STATIONS

8. STUDY AREA – TRIP CHARACTERISTICS
PASSENGER AND VEHICULAR TRIPS
AT OUTER CORDON POINTS
Passenger Trips
Vehicular Trips
121,514
120,401
112,674
•The average daily traffic varies from 21,347 PCUs to
60833 PCUs.
74,214
Internal to External
•The traffic intensity is very high along the south rob on
SA road which is of the order of 42,672 PCUs.
17,672
14,824
External to Internal
External to External
Source: RITES Primary Survey, 2000.
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
• The highest traffic is observed on the north ROB on
the Banerji road followed by Kaloor on NH47.
•About 44,000 vehicle trips and about 3.7 lakhs
passenger trips are performed on an average day.
VEHICULAR GROWTH TREND
Goods Vehicle
Bus/ Mini Bus
Car/ Jeep/ Van
3 Wheelers
2 Wheelers
Others
1989 - 1990
1994 - 1995
2002 - 2003
2003 - 2004
2004 - 2005
Source: Economic Review, Kerala State Planning Board

9. STUDY AREA – TRIP CHARACTERISTICS
Distribution of person trips according to mode of travel in kochi city
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Percent
Public
bus
59.55
Inst bus Own car Own TW
2.49
7.19
Share
Car
Share
TW
Auto
Taxi
Walk
Ferry/boa
t
Train
Unspecifi
ed
0.5
0.92
3.74
0.85
20.42
0.33
0.04
3.15
24.75
Distribution of person trips according to trip purpose in Kochi city
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Work
Percentage of trip makers
Part of work
Personal
business
Shopping
Recreation
Social
Education
Back Home
32.28
1.34
2.53
1.77
3.9
4.92
3.29
49.96
Source: Transportation study of kochi city - NATPAC, Trivandrum

10. SCOPE OF STUDY
Distribution of Drainage facility in
Kochi city
Distribution of foot path in Kochi
city
2%6%
8%
Foot path on one
side
Foot path on
both side
92%
24%
covered drain
uncovered drain
68%
No foot path
.
Source: NATPAC Report 2006, Master Plan study for CoC
Distribution of Passenger Trips by Mode
80
70
internal to
60
external
50
40
external to
30
internal
20
external to
10
external
0
TOTAL
Source: Comprehensive study for GCDA area by RITES.
no drain
.
Source: NATPAC Report 2006, Master Plan study for CoC
Distribution of vehicular Trips by Mode
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
car
2
bus
auto
wheeler
internal to
external
external to
internal
external to
external
TOTAL
Source: Comprehensive study for GCDA area by RITES.

11. AIM & OBJECTIVES

AIM - to asses the adequacy of pedestrian facilities in Kochi city region and formulate strategies and plans for
pedestrian friendly urban transport for city region.
To achieve this objectives,
a)
Asses existing condition of the roads
b)
Asses the existing pedestrian facilities
c)
Identify conflict points
d)
understand the density of pedestrian movement.
e)
Asses the feasibility of introduction of non motorised transport
f)
Asses the social economic and democratic profile on pedestrians and their travel characteristics through user surveys
g)
Formulation of suitable proposals for improving pedestrian mobility.
h)
proposals to improve the safety of pedestrian movement and reduction of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts.

12. METHODOLOGY
Identification issues
Primary data
- Pedestrian and
vehicular volume count
survey
- Pedestrian speed
survey
- Opinion survey
Formulation of aim, objective and
scope of study
Literature review and case studies
-Road inventory survey
--user preference survey
Secondary data
- Land use maps
- Traffic data
- Parking data
- Accident data
Data collection
Analysis
Assessment
Locating problem
areas
Pedestrian network
guidlines
Proposals
Identification of
potential and
constraints

13. INDICATORS FOR PEDESTRIAN PROBLEMS
1. Volume-capacity ratio
It is the ratio of demand flow rate to capacity for a traffic facility.
a) V/C Ratio ≥ 1.0
 Severe congestion
b) V/C Ratio 0.75 to 1.0
 Moderate congestion
c) V/C Ratio 0.5 to 0.74
 Limited congestion
d) V/C Ratio < 0.5
 No congestion
The degree of congestion is defined as follows:
Sp-So
Dc = -------- * 100
Sp
2. Pedestrian-vehicle conflict
Where
Dc = Degree of Congestion
Sp = Maximum Speed posted in km/h
So = Observed Link Speed in km/h
A value below 40 for degree of congestion is
acceptable.
•It reflects the intensity of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts on a link and is represented by PV2 values
•For a road section with refuge, a value of PV2 greater than 2x108 and for a road section without refuge, PV2
value greater than 108 indicates a higher level of conflicts.
•A divided carriageway could be considered to have reduced impact of PV2 value by 50%.

14. 

•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3. WALKABILITY INDEX
Factors affecting walkability include:
presence or absence of quality footpaths,
sidewalks or pedestrian right of way,
traffic and roadway conditions,
land use pattern,
building accessibility
safety among others
The important infrastructure factors that
influence the walkability are given below:
Access to public transport services
Presence of quality footpaths
Street furniture
Traffic volume, speed and wind conditions
Buffers to moving traffic (curb side parking)
Pedestrian crossings
Aesthetics to nearby local destinations
Shade or sun shine in appropriate seasons
• MICRO CLIMATE ANALYSIS
The pedestrian movement is affected by micro climate
factors such as,
• rain fall
• humidity
• atmospheric temperature
• wind flow

15. REFERENCES






NATPAC Report 2006, Master Plan study for CoC.
City development plan, Kochi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernakulam
http://www.corporationofcochin.net/
http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/kerala/kochi.htm
http://censusindia.gov.in/

16. THANK YOU