Pollution control of air and water on National pollution control day

1. Pr Prof. S.ARUNA
Department of Biochemistry ISLAMIAH WOMEN'S ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE VANIYAMBADI

2. National Pollution Control Day
The National Pollution Control Day is observed
every year on DECEMBER 2 in remembrance of
those who lost their lives in the Bhopal Gas
tragedy when the deadly gas methyl
isocyanate leaked out of the Union
Carbide plant on the intervening night of
December 2-3 in 1984. The effects of that
disaster are felt even now after more than 35
years

3. Objectives : To educate people about
the importance of pollution control acts and
making them aware about industrial disasters.
The day aims to bring awareness to people
about prevention of air, soil, noise, and water
pollution.

6. Death trauma
Everywhere one turned, people were
retching, racked by violent coughing. All
the shops in the city were closed, and on
every street people were lying in the
gutters. They were dead, dumped in
agonised frozen postures, like birds shot
from the sky. In their midst were real
birds—vultures. When the vultures
swooped away, the dogs would charge in
and tear off pieces of flesh.

7. More than half a million people still suffer the
side effects of the exposure to the gas; the soil
and groundwater have been contaminated and
toxicity has crossed over to the second and third
generations.

12. Pollution" refers to any substance that
negatively impacts the environment or
organisms that live within the affected
environment. The five major types of pollution
include:
1.Air Pollution,
2.water Pollution,
3. Soil Pollution
4. Noise Pollution.

15. Water Pollution
• Water pollution is the contamination of water
bodies e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans,
aquifers and groundwater)
• This form of environmental degradation occurs
when pollutants are directly or indirectly
discharged into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds.
• Water pollution affects the entire biosphere
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30. Water Pollution – Control Measures
• 1)Sewage Treatment -- In urban areas of
developed countries, domestic sewage is
typically treated by centralized sewage
treatment plants
• 2) Industrial Wastewater treatment – Effluent
treatment plants
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31. Air Pollution
• Air Pollution by far the most harmful form of pollution
in our environment
• The pollutants for air pollution are divided into two
categories
• The first type of pollutants known as primary
pollutants are those which are produced from a
certain process like the smoke emitted from the
vehicles
• The second type of pollutants are termed as the
secondary pollutants and these are the ones which
are generated due to the reaction of primary
pollutants with natural air
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32. Types of Air Pollutants
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35. 35

39. Pollutant Standard Index (PSI)
• The Pollutant Standards Index, or PSI, is a type
of air quality index, which is a number used to
indicate the level of pollutants in air.
• The PSI considers six air pollutants - sulphur
dioxide , particulate matter , fine particulate
matter , nitrogen dioxide , carbon monoxide and
ozone
• PSI range: 0-50 is good; in Delhi in November
2016 PSI crossed 200 which is very unhealthy;
above 300 is hazardous
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40. Delhi is the world’s most polluted capital

41. Air Pollution in Indian cities:
• Delhi is the world’s most polluted capital: Although Delhi’s
air quality improved by nearly 15 per cent from 2019 to 2020,
the city still ranked as the 10th most polluted city in the
world and the most polluted capital.
• 22 of the world’s 30 most polluted cities including Delhi are
in India.
• Ghaziabad is the second most polluted city in the world
after Xinjiang in China.
• The eight Indian cities in the top 10 list are — Bulandshahar,
Bisrakh Jalalpur, Noida, Greater Noida, Kanpur, Lucknow (all
in UP), Bhiwari in Rajasthan and Delhi.
• Major sources of India’s air pollution include transportation,
biomass burning for cooking, electricity generation, industry,
construction, waste burning and episodic agricultural burning.

43. How does air pollution increase during winter?
Cold air is denser and moves slower than warm air. This
density means that cold air traps the pollution but also
doesn't whisk it away. Air pollution in winter remains in
place for much longer and therefore is breathed in at a
higher rate than during the summer

44. • What types of weather conditions contribute to high
ozone?
• On any given day, there are enough emissions of NOx
and VOC to produce high ozone. The key difference
between a high ozone day and a low ozone day is the
weather. Weather conditions associated with high
ozone include:
• Lots of sunlight
• Slow wind speeds
• High peak temperatures
• Large differences between high and low temperatures
for the day
• Low humidity

46. SMOG

50. Authorities in the Indian capital, Delhi, have shut all
schools and colleges indefinitely amid the worsening
levels of air pollution.
Construction work has also been banned until 21 November but
an exception has been made for transport and defence-related
projects.
Only five of the 11 coal-based power plants in the city have
been allowed to operate.
A toxic haze has smothered Delhi since the festival of Diwali.
The levels of PM2.5 - tiny particles that can clog people's lungs -
in Delhi are far higher than the World Health Organization's
(WHO) safety guidelines. Several parts of the city recorded
figures close to or higher than 400 on Tuesday, which is
categorised as "severe".
The panel also directed Delhi and other states to "encourage''
private offices to allow 50% of their employees to work from
home during the period to cut down vehicle emissions and dust
levels.

53. How to Prevent pollution
• Use public transport as much as possible. The less vehicle will be
used, the less pollution will occur. You can travel in CNG buses or
vehicles or can walk wherever you can.
• Make sure you take your car to the garage for regular check-ups.
Not doing so may result in the consumption of extra fuel by your
vehicle and this can contribute to air pollution. Also, old vehicles
create more air pollution than new ones.
• Plant as many trees as you can. We all know that plants inhale
carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen. This means that they can help
in controlling air pollution more than anything. Also, plants cater
to your nutritional needs and help you remain healthy.
• Buy green electricity and use solar energy. The use of electricity
generated through renewable sources like wind and solar power
does not cause pollution. Also, the use of solar power at home
can save energy and also be pocket-friendly.