This document discusses diabetic kidney disease and nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal failure, with 50% of dialysis patients having diabetes. Risk factors include poor blood glucose control, long diabetes duration, hypertension, and family history. Symptoms include protein in urine, high blood pressure, and declining renal function. Screening for microalbuminuria is important. Strict glycemic control and keeping blood pressure below 130/80 can prevent or slow progression. Treatment involves diet, medication, fluid management, and potentially renal replacement therapies like hemodialysis if kidney function declines severely.

1. Diabetes and Kidney

2. Diabetic Kidney Normal Kidney

6. Proteinuria No need to check >3000 Nephrotic range >300 >500 Macro <300 <500 Micro 10-30 30-150 Normal Albumin (mg) Protein (mg)

9. Strict glycemic control prevents microalbuminuria in type 1