3D body scanning in apparel and textile science

2. 1. Introduction
2. Historical notes
3. Developments in 3D body scanners
4. What we can measure
5. Kinds of application
6. Technologies
◦ Active 3D body scanning technology
◦ Passive
◦ Other active sensor
7. Applications
◦ Fashion and apparel
◦ Other
8. Current scenario of 3D scanning
9. Future
10. Manufactures available in market.
11. Conclusion
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3.  It is the process of capturing a person’s body shape in 3D
model through scanning
 This 3D file can be modified, saved or printed on a 3D
printer
 Shifting the focus of apparel production from large
quantities of cookie-cutter clothes to one-of-a-kind
articles with individualized sizing and design features
 Body scanning, has given rise to an emergent strategy of
mass customization, resulting in well-fitting, made-to-
measure or customized garments at competitive prices
and turnaround times
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4. A 3D model is created by digitizing surface of the individual.
The scanner generates number of 3D images of the consumer.
Each image exhibit a single view of the consumers structure.
Number of images are taken and all images are aligned in a proper format to
create a 360 degree 3D image.
Once the image is created, the measurement extraction software installed in the
computer takes hundreds of individual measurements from head to toe.
Data is forwarded to the manufacturer
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5. PREVIOUSLY TODAY
1832 “Stereoscope”
Sir Charles Wheatstone
(England)
3D Displays and 3D
Visualization
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6. PREVIOUSLY TODAY
1849 “Métrophotographie”
Aimé Laussedat (France)
1st Photogrammetric record
Façade Hotel des Invalides
3D Measurement
and 3D Scanning
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7. PREVIOUSLY TODAY
1882 “Fusil
chronophotographique”
Étienne-Jules Marey
(France)
Human locomotion study
MOCAP systems
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8. PREVIOUSLY TODAY
1883 “Bertillonage”
Alphonse Bertillon
(France)Recording of
anthropometric data for
identification
Anthropometry and Biometry
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9.  1970 Shadow Moire topography
Application for human body Takasaki
(JP)
 1985 Patent filed for 3D surface
digitizer by laser beam
Cyberware Inc. (USA)
 1989 Face scanning for “The
Abyss”Cyberware Inc. (USA)
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10. 1989 1st full body scanning
system.
The Loughborough
anthropometric shadow scanner
(LASS)University of
Loughborough (UK)
Application: anthropometric
surveys
1995 1st 3D color full body
scanner Capable of capturing
shape and color in one pass
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11. 1996 3D full body scanner Tri
From System, fringe technique
Wicks & Wilson (UK)
Application: shape tracking, health
clubs.
1998 1st 3D full body scanner for
clothing industry TC2 (USA)
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12. 27 February 2018 12
2005 Millimeter wave
scanner Scanning
without undressing
2008 Full automatic
“from 3D scan to
Avatar”TC2
(USA)Intellifit (USA)

13. 2009 Microsoft Project Natal – Kinect (2010)
Extremely low cost 3D sensor <120€, Massive
extension/sales
Application: game-controller, hacked -> direct access
to 3D data
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14. What can be
measured?
 Full body
 Face
 chest
 Foot
 Half body
 Legs
 Arms
 Hands
 Body parts
 Back
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15. Medicine
 Plastic surgery
 Forensics
 Orthopaedics
Fashion/apparel
 Virtual-try-on
 Size surveying
 Made-to-measure
Other sectors
 Virtual-make-over
 Art & sculpture
 Security
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16.  Animation
 Computer games
 Ergonomics
 Anthropometry
 Biometry / Security
 Cosmetics / Dermatology
 Art / Sculpture
 Fitness / Sport
 Communications
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17.  Active 3D body
scanning
technologies
Laser
Scanning
White light
scanning
Image
processing and
modelling
Kinect
 Passive body
scanning
methods
Photogramm
etry
Visual hull
Silhouette
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Other active
sensor
Millimeter-
wave radar
Digital tape
measurements

18.  Use laser layer to project the human body
 Light sensors capture the measurement acquires the scenes and
by applying simple geometrical rules the surface of human body
is measured.
 A laser beam scans the consumers body in a fraction of a second.
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19.  The scanner uses low power micro waves to illuminate the
human body
 These waves easily penetrate the clothing and reach the persons
body
 The computer software analyzes the high resolution pictures of
the human body and decides the exact tailoring measurements
for that individual
 Within seconds, hundreds of measurements are taken from head
to toe to create the exact 3D data
 Few measurements are used when tailoring the garment
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20. FULL BODY SCANNER
 4 scanner units moves vertically along 4 pillars
 Total scanning time: ~ 12 seconds.
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21. FULL HEAD SCANNER 3030RGB/PS (Cyberware Inc)
 1 scanner unit moves horizontally in circle around a person
 Total scanning time: ~ 17 seconds
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22. FULL FOOT SCANNER (Vorum Research Corp.)
 3 scanner units moves horizontally along the foot
 Total scanning time: ~ 4 seconds
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23.  Quickly capture all of the
physical measurements of
any physical object
 Save time in design work
 Ensure parts will fit
together on the first try
 Enhancing a product's
design
 Accurate measurements
of an object
 Cost
 Laser is harmful
 Psychological factors ,
nudity
 Practical problems like
moment, breathing , hairs,
eyes
 Private data – visibility &
data storage
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

24.  It is second technology used extensively for human body
measurement
 Instead of moving the scanner unit, a light pattern
(usually in form of stripes) is projected onto the human body
 Binary coding are used to determine the origin of the single stripes;
for the increment of the resolution, the projected stripes are
additionally shifted
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25.  3D information is acquired by analyzing the
deformation that the projected light reflects after
touching the consumers body
 An integrated camera captures the series of images
and exhibits the series of deformation in the reflected
light
 The projection and image formation takes only a few
seconds
 The consumers measurements are obtained from these
image
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26.  Less time for scanning
 No harmful for body-eye safe
 Comparatively more accurate
 Economical factor
 Creates a very high density point
cloud
 Can scan small parts with
intricate details
 Sensitive to ambient light – best
used in darkened room
 Multiple units cannot be use
which implies again an extension
of the acquisition time.
 Cannot be used to scan shiny
surfaces
 “Occlusion” effects require the
need for additional images to be
taken
 Slow when measuring objects
with many intricate details
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Advantages
over laser
technologies
Disadvantage

27. FULL BODY SCANNER Mega 3P (InSpeck Inc.)
◦3 pillars placed around a person
◦Each pillar has 2 sensor units: projector and camera
◦Total scanning time: ~ 4 seconds
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28.  In this technology, 3D measurements are not performed, but 3D
information is generated and extracted from 2D images
By using the symmetry of the human body, the most important sizes
of body are computed with sufficient accuracy from the silhouettes of
the body
Advantage –
Extremely lower price compared to real 3D measurement
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29. Full body scanner Intellifit System (Intellifit Corp., Unique Ltd.)
(2005)
 Person step inside the cabin without undressing
 “L” shaped mm-waves transceiver swings around the person
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30.  Non-harmful radiation penetrates clothing and reflects off the body
 The reflected signal are recorded by the transceiver and analyzed
 200,000 points of body surface measured
 Body sizes extracted automatically, accuracy: 6mm
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31.  The method combines classical human body measurement and
digital technology
 The measurement process is similar to classical tape measurement
 The tape device records electronically the measured distances
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e-tape

32. 2D Full Body Scanner
 Setup: 1 camera, 2 lights,
calibration panel
 Two acquisitions: front and
side
 From silhouettes: extraction
of body sizes
 Accuracy: <1cm
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33.  Setup: multiple cameras (>8)
 Extraction of body silhouettes in all images
 Visual hull: intersection the cones formed by focal
points and silhouettes
 Result: 3D volume of the person
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34.  Method: Multiple
cameras acquire the
scene
 Corresponding points
are determined
 Triangulation: distance
points - sensor
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36. 1. Virtual-try-on
3D virtual garments replication
2.Garment size selection
Simpler and faster, for retail and
corporate
3.Size surveying
Statistical information on human
body sizes
4.Anthropometric mannequins
For garment production and quality
control
5. Made-to-measure
Tailoring with new digital tools
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37. This process provides the customer with a virtual image of how he or
she will look in a particular garment.
General information is entered in the computer.
The software develops an image of the consumer & displays it on the
screen.
The computer displays various types of garments on the screen.
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38.  The consumer chooses different types of clothing and tries
them on his virtual image.
 The computer applies clothing image on the virtual image
of the consumer.
 The consumer can make modifications on the displayed
virtual image so as to match it with himself.
 The computer highlights areas of good and bad fit, and
guides the consumer to select the most appropriate apparel.
 The image is also rotated in 360 degrees so that the
consumer can get a perfect idea of the fitting.
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39. Process
 3D full body scanning
 Automatic body size
extraction
 Direct reference to
garment size
Application
 Extensively used in
military field (uniforms)
 Faster uniform selection,
less storage
 Only experimental for
retail (still unsuccessful)
 High costs (equipment,
inventory)
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40. 27 February 2018 40
Extended measurement campaigns
USA, UK, Germany, France, China,
Brazil, …
3D full body scanning of >10’000
persons (standard, standing, sitting
positions)
Additional: measurement of hand
and foot Extraction of body sizes
(ISO7250)
Records of ethnical/social
information

41.  Statistical information
 Update of sizing tables
 Real shapes of virtual dummies and anthropometric
mannequins
 This information is used to tailor the size and shape of cloth
items to stature and body form of the actual population.
 This to allow an automatic determination of the important
anthropometric measures of the human body
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42. From body scanning to customized
garment
1. Full body scanning and body
size extraction
2. Selection of garment options
3. Automatic definition of cutting
patterns
4. Automated garment production
5. Garanteed perfect fit
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General anthropometric mannequins
•With real body sizes (based on
surveys)
•Genders: male, female, children,
pregnant
•Different heights and shapes (XS to
XXL)
•Variations: articulated, soft skin,
silicone
Applications
•Garment design and prototyping
•Garment fitting/quality control
Personalized mannequins
•Based on 3D scanning of a single
person
•Main application: made-to-measure
tailoring
•Other: fit models

45.  Virtual-Make-Over
3D virtual eyewear and
hairdressing simulation
 Art & Sculpture
Reproduction of person, Art
installations
 Security
Biometric systems
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46.  Deal with the virtual styling persons in the
area of the face, by changing or adding
virtually make-up, haircuts or accessories.
 The appeal of the human face is changed
virtually by adding digitally to a digitized
3D human face, haircuts or glasses.
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Eyewear onto
3D face model
3D acquisition
system
Eyewear (Visionix Inc.)
Head scanning
Accessories 3D
Virtual-make-over

47.  Head modeling
 Haircut 3D modeling
 Haircut visualization
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Hairdressing
Head scanning
Haircut 3D modeling
Haircut visualization

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 Reproduction
of humans
◦ 3D scanning
(full body,
face)
◦ 3D engraving
in crystal
◦ 3D printing
Sculptures

49. Still in its early stages of development
Vey expensive
Not well integrated with the computer systems
Consumer have to rely on a professional designer to use the body data
Alter the design pattern and create a customized garment that best fits
the individual consumer
Make process a complex matter
Therefore a need for an affordable, and user friendly body scanning
system is required
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50. Potential to inculcate positive changes in the apparel industry
Optimum utilization creates a drastic change in the business
paradigm
This will give a value added positive rise in the market curve of the
apparel industry and cause a drastic change in the way apparel
shopping is done now
It is an effective strategy for maximizing customer satisfaction and
minimizing inventory cost
Provide tool to fashion industry to design different types of apparels
and provide the market segment with right fitting clothing
ultimate success depends on the consumers acceptance and
application of the process
The customers acceptance depends on the fit and finish of the final
product, the total cost involved, his awareness of the technology, and
accessibility of these applications
These factors play a crucial role and influence the consumers
decision of whether or not to buy a 3D body scanned garment
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51. Affordable 3D monitors
Volumetric 3D displays
Holographic projections
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3D scanning for everybody
Full automatic, easy,
inexpensive
Examples: 3D Foto-Booth,
InSpeck Inc. (CA)
TC2 and Microsoft Kinect
(USA)
4D scanning / dynamic 3D scanning

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54. 27 February 2018 54
3dMD LLC (USA) is the world leader in 3D body
scanning for medical applications, with well more
than 1,400 3D cameras worldwide
TechMed 3D (Canada) is an high tech company
specializing in body measurement technologies
and digital imaging solutions adapted to the
orthotics, prosthetics and custom equipment
market
Human Solutions GmbH (Germany) is a world
market leader for body scanning and ergonomics
simulation. Systems from Human Solutions are
used by more than 300 companies worldwide.
VITRONIC GmbH (Germany), a world leading
organization in the field of machine vision, is
developer and manufacturer of body scanning
systems employed by Human Solutions

55. SpaceVision Inc. (Japan) is a leading manufacturer of
innovative 3D imaging solutions used in various
application fields..
4D View Solutions (France) provides complete
hardware and software platforms for the capture of
photorealistic videos in 3D.
TELMAT Industrie SA (France) is a world leader in 3D
body scanning and automated body measurement. The
high-speed 3D digitization process SYMCAD has
enabled to scan and measure more than 800'000
individuals nowadays.
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CAD Modelling Ergonomics Srl (Italy) produces tailor
dummies, fit mannequins and anthropometric fashion
dummies for fitting control and the portable 3D full
body scanning system Body-ScanFit

56. Elinvision UAB (Lithuania) designs and produces
measuring and control devices, machine vision
systems, 3D laser scanners, digital dental cameras and
software.
Lectra SA (France) is the world leader in integrated
technology solutions (software, CAD/CAM hardware,
services) for industries using textiles to manufacture
their products. Lectra will demonstrate Modaris V7, the
apparel pattern-making and grading software solution
with fully-integrated 3D virtual prototyping technology.
Tukatech Inc. (USA) provides pattern making, grading
and marker making software, 3D apparel prototyping
systems and manufacturing equipment.
Corpus.e AG (Germany) designs 3D imaging and 3D
scanning systems. At the conference exhibition,
corpus.e will demonstrate its 3D foot scanning and
measurement system lightbeam, based on the patented
MagicalSkin technology.

57.  http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/hussainmumtaz-1531216-3d-
body-scan-ppt/
 http://www.ptj.com.pk/Web-2009/04-09/P.Kanakaraj.htm
 http://www.ptj.com.pk/Web-2009/04-09/P.Kanakaraj.htm
 Stellure Ltd., http://www.stellure.com
 Loker S, Ashdown S, & Schoienfelder K, Size-specific analysis of body scan data
to improve apparel fit, JTATM 4 (3), Spring 2005.
 Nam J , Branson D H, Cao D H, Jin D B, Shdown D S, Fit analysis of liquid cooled
vest prototypes using 3d body scanning technology, JTATM 4 (3), Spring 2005.
 Xu B and Huang Y, Three-dimensional technology for apparel mass
customization Part I: Body scanning with rotary laser stripes, Journal of Textile
Institute, 2003.
 Xu B and Huang Y, Three-dimensional technology for apparel mass
customization, Part III: Body scanning with rotary laser stripes, Journal of Textile
Institute, 2003
27 February 2018 57

58.  The 3D Body Scanner, http://www.bodyscan.human.cornell.edu
 Body Scanning - and the future of customized clothing is now
here - to stay, http://www.human-solutions.com
 Liz Heitzman, Results of MU-sponsored size studies reveal
Americans' changing shape. May 7th,
2004. http://archive.columbiatribune.com/2004/may/20040507
feat002.asp
 Triple 3d White Light Measuring System from NUB3D
Spain http://www.3dscanmasters.com/3d_scanning.html
 Female Figure Identification Technique for
Apparel http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume4issue1/articles/I
stook/Istook_full_105_04.pdf
 Consumer Interest in Commercial Application of Body
Datahttp://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume4issue1/articles/Loke
r/Loker_full_100_04.pdf
 B. Xu, member SPIE, Y. Huang, W. Yu and T. Chen, Three-
dimensional body scanning system for apparel mass-
customization http://www.he.utexas.edu/graphics/6-spie-
OE.pdf
 Ms. Seung-Eun Lee & Dr. Joseph C. Chen Mass-customization
Methodology for an Apparel Industry with a
Future http://www.nait.org/jit/Articles/leee1222.pdf
27 February 2018 58

59.  Vitronic GmbH, http://www.vitronic.com
 Cyberware Inc., http://www.cyberware.com
 Vorum Research Corp., http://www.vorum.com
 InSpeck Inc., http://www.inspeck.com
 Breuckmann GmbH, http://www.breuckmann.com
 IVB GmbH Jena, http://www.ivbjena.de
 Singular Inversions, http://www.facegen.com
 Humansolutions GmbH http://www.humansolutions.de
 Emeasurement Solutions Ltd., http://www.etape.co.uk
 Wicks and Wilson Ltd., http://www.wwl.co.uk
 AssystBullmer GmbH, http://www.assystbullmer.com
 OptiTex International Ltd., http://www.optitex.com
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