2. 5 Generation of Computers
First
generation
Second
generation
Third
generation
Fourth
generation
Fifth
generation
3. Introduction
• The history of computer development is
often referred to in reference to the
different generations of computing devices.
Each of the five generations of computers is
characterized by a major technological
development that fundamentally changed the
way computers operate, resulting in
increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful
and more efficient and reliable computing
devices.
4. Zeroeth Generation
• Man used his
fingers, ropes, beads, bones, pebbles and
other objects for counting.
• Abacus, Pascaline, Difference & Anylitical
engines
• Electricity was not yet invented
5. First Generation
• The first computers used vacuum tubes for
circuitry and magnetic
drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were
very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a
lot of heat, which was often the cause of
malfunctions.
6. Features
• 1. Use of vacuum tubes
• 2. Big & Clumsy
• 3. High Electricity Consumption
• 4. Programming in Mechanical Language
• 5. Larger AC were needed
• 6. Lot of electricity failure occured
7.
8. Second generation
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in
the second generation of computers. The transistor
was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread
use in computers until the late 1950s. The
transistor was far superior to the vacuum
tube, allowing computers to become
smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and
more reliable than their first-generation
predecessors. Though the transistor still
generated a great deal of heat that subjected the
computer to damage, it was a vast improvement
over the vacuum tube. Second-generation
computers still relied on punched cards for input
and printouts for output.
9. Features
• 1. Transistors were used
• 2. Core Memory was developed
• 3. Faster than First Generation computers
• 4. First Operating System was developed
• 5. Programming was in Machine Language &
Assembly Language
• 6. Magnetic tapes & discs were used
• 7. Computers became smaller in size than the First
Generation computers
• 8. Computers consumed less heat & consumed less
electricity
10.
11. Third Generation
• The development of the integrated
circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers. Transistors were
miniaturized and placed
on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which
drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers.
12. Features
• 1. Integrated circuits developed
• 2. Power consumption was low
• 3. SSI & MSI Technology was used
• 4. High level languages were used
13.
14. Fourth Generation
• The microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip. What in the first generation
filled an entire room could now fit in the
palm of the hand. The Intel 4004
chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer—from
the central processing unit and memory to
input/output controls—on a single chip.
15. Features
• 1. LSI & VLSI Technology used
• 2. Development of Portable Computers
• 3. RAID Technology of data storage
• 4. Used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation
• 5. Computers started in use for Data
Communication
• 6. Different types of memories with very high
accessing speed & storage capacity
16.
17. Fifth Generation• Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial
intelligence, are still in development, though there are
some applications, such as voice recognition, that are
being used today. The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and
molecular and nanotechnology will radically change
the face of computers in years to come. The goal of
fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and are capable of
learning and self-organization
18. Features
• 1. Used in parallel processing
• 2. Used superconductors
• 3. Used in speech recognition
• 4. Used in intelligent robots
• 5. Used in artificial intelligence
19.
20. THE ENDCREATED BY: Group 2
Leader: jonard arjay L. Pristo
Vincent S. serrano
Chris mark mercado
Jazette v. cunanan
Hazel anne D. David
Rincel c. sevilla
Fatima cunanan
IV-Delmundo
