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Health and illness introduction
Health and illness introduction
Health and illness introduction
Health :
• Health means different things to different
people, depending in the situation.
• Level of functional metabolic efficiency
of a living organism
• Good health is a prerequisite of human
productive and developmental process.
 In 1948 the world health organization (WHO)defines
health as,
“A state of complete physical,
mental, social, spiritual wellbeing
and not merely absence of disease or
infirmity”
 “ Dynamic state in which the
individual adapts to changes in
internal and external environments to
maintain a state of well being “
(Potter and Perry- 2014)
 “Health as a state of being well and
using every power the individual
possesses to the fullest extent”
(Nightingale ,1960/1969)
 Health is evolved over the centuries as a concept
from individual concern to world wide social goal
and encompasses the whole quality of life.
Changing concept of health till now are,
 Biomedical concept
 Ecological concept
 Psychosocial concept
 Holistic concept
Health and illness introduction
 Traditionally, health has been viewed as an “absence
of disease”, and if one was free from disease, then the
person was considered healthy.
 The medical profession viewed the human body as a
machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown
of the machine and one of the doctor’s task as repair
of the machine.
Health and illness introduction
 Form ecological point of view; health is viewed as a
dynamic equilibrium between human being and
environment, and disease a maladjustment of the
human organism to environment.
 According to Dubos “Health implies the relative
absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous
adaptation and adjustment to the environment to
ensure optimal function.”
 The ecological concept raises two issues, viz.
imperfect man and imperfect environment.
 According to psychosocial concept ,
“health is not only biomedical
phenomenon, but is influenced by social,
psychological, cultural, economic and
political factors of the people concerned.”
Health and illness introduction
 This concept is the synthesis all the above concepts.
 It recognizes the strength of social, economic ,
political and environmental influences on health.
 It described health as a unified or multidimensional
process involving the wellbeing of whole person in
context of his environment .
ILLNESS
 Illness : An illness is the response ,the
person has to disease .
 It is an abnormal process in which the
persons level of functioning is changed
compared with a previous level.
 Persons physical ,emotional, intellectual , social,
developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or
impaired.
 Illness is highly subjective ; only the individual person
can say he or she is ill.
 Can be acute or chronic
 Primitive people thought “forces” or spirits caused
disease.
 Disease can be described as an alternation in body
functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a
shortening of the normal life span.
 The causation of the disease called Etiology.
 State of wellbeing.
“Well being is a subjective perception of vitality and
feeling well…..can be described objectively,
experienced, and measured …..and can be plotted on a
continuum”
(Hood and Leddy,2003)
Health and illness introduction
Health and illness introduction
Health and illness introduction

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Health and illness introduction

  • 4. Health : • Health means different things to different people, depending in the situation. • Level of functional metabolic efficiency of a living organism • Good health is a prerequisite of human productive and developmental process.
  • 5.  In 1948 the world health organization (WHO)defines health as, “A state of complete physical, mental, social, spiritual wellbeing and not merely absence of disease or infirmity”
  • 6.  “ Dynamic state in which the individual adapts to changes in internal and external environments to maintain a state of well being “ (Potter and Perry- 2014)
  • 7.  “Health as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent” (Nightingale ,1960/1969)
  • 8.  Health is evolved over the centuries as a concept from individual concern to world wide social goal and encompasses the whole quality of life. Changing concept of health till now are,  Biomedical concept  Ecological concept  Psychosocial concept  Holistic concept
  • 10.  Traditionally, health has been viewed as an “absence of disease”, and if one was free from disease, then the person was considered healthy.  The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown of the machine and one of the doctor’s task as repair of the machine.
  • 12.  Form ecological point of view; health is viewed as a dynamic equilibrium between human being and environment, and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment.  According to Dubos “Health implies the relative absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous adaptation and adjustment to the environment to ensure optimal function.”  The ecological concept raises two issues, viz. imperfect man and imperfect environment.
  • 13.  According to psychosocial concept , “health is not only biomedical phenomenon, but is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned.”
  • 15.  This concept is the synthesis all the above concepts.  It recognizes the strength of social, economic , political and environmental influences on health.  It described health as a unified or multidimensional process involving the wellbeing of whole person in context of his environment .
  • 17.  Illness : An illness is the response ,the person has to disease .  It is an abnormal process in which the persons level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level.
  • 18.  Persons physical ,emotional, intellectual , social, developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.  Illness is highly subjective ; only the individual person can say he or she is ill.  Can be acute or chronic
  • 19.  Primitive people thought “forces” or spirits caused disease.
  • 20.  Disease can be described as an alternation in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span.  The causation of the disease called Etiology.
  • 21.  State of wellbeing. “Well being is a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well…..can be described objectively, experienced, and measured …..and can be plotted on a continuum” (Hood and Leddy,2003)