1. Twelve's Principles
and Macrostrategies

2. Twelve’s Principles by
Richards
 Automaticity
 Meaningful learning
 The anticipation of Reward
 Intrinsic motivation
 Strategic Investment
 Language Ego
 Self Confidence
 Risk Taking
 The Language –Culture connection
 The Native Language Effect
 Interlanguage
 Communicative Competence

3. Macrostrategies by
Kumaravadivelu
 Minimize Learning Opportunities
 Minimize Perceptual Mismatches
 Facilitate Negotiated Interaction
 Promote Learner Autonomy
 Foster Language Awareness
 Activate Intuitive Heuristics
 Contextualize Linguistic Input
 Integrate Language Skills
 Ensure Social Relevance
 Raise Cultural Consciousness

4. The principles and macrostrategies have been classified in the
three important factors in the process of teaching and learning,
they are Affective, Linguistic and Cognitive.
Affective : Some research has shown that student who feels good
about themselves are more likely to success. Humanistic education
is related to a concern for personal development, self-acceptance,
and acceptance by others, in other words making students be more
human. It is concerned with educating the whole person —the
intellectual and the emotional dimensions.
Cognitive: The cognitive processes can be natural or artificial,
conscious or unconscious, this cognition intimately related to
such abstract concepts as mind, perception, reasoning,
intelligence, learning.

5. Linguistic: Apply the correct rules and grammar in the process of
the language acquisition.
The principles and Macrostrategies should be the base or foundation
of teaching. They complement each other. More of the principles and
macros to my opinion are congitive, they are more focus in
the learning process, and they have been classified in this factors,
please see below.
Cognitive
Affective Linguistic

6. Principles
In the affective factor we can find the following
principles.
-Intrinsic Motivation
-Language Ego
-Self-Confidence
-Risk Taking
-The Language-Culture Connection

7. The Congitive principles:
-Automaticity
-Meaningful Learning
-The Anticipation of Reward
-Strategic Investment

8. Linguistic Principles:
-The Nattive Language Effect
-Interlanguage
-Communicative Compentece

9. Macrostrategies classified in
the three factors.
Affective
-Minimize Perceptual Mismatches
-Activate Intuitive Heuristics
-Ensure Social Relevance
-Raise Cultural Consciousness

10. Congnitive
-Maximize Learning Opportunities.
-Facilitate Negotiated Interaction
-Promote Learner Autonomy
-Integrate Language Skills
-Raise Cultural Consciousness

11. Linguistic
-Foster Language Awareness
-Contextualize Linguistic Input
-Activate Intuitive Heuristics

12. Ariane Villavicencio
Competency-Based English Teaching
November 14th. 2011