Functions of EPA in Pakistan. screening, scoping

2. Group members
Amber Fatima: 01
Areeba Khan: 14
Mariam Shareef: 26
Hina Maqsood: 37
Junaid H. Khan: 39

3. THE PROCESS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
ASSESSMENT

4. AREEBA KHAN 14
Topics to be covered:
• Introduction of EIA
• EIA process
• Institutional Framework

5. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT (EIA)
 An interdisciplinary process
 Comprising Multistep procedure
 Ensure that environmental considerations are
included in decisions regarding projects that
may impact the environment
“The EIA process helps identify the possible
environmental effects of a proposed activity and
how those impacts can be mitigated”

6. ACCORDING TO PEPA 1997
SECTION 12:
“No proponent of a project shall commence
construction or operation unless he has filed with
the Federal Agency an initial environmental
examination or, where the project is likely to
cause an adverse environmental effect, an
environmental impact assessment, and has
obtained from the Federal Agency approval in
respect thereof.”

7. EIA PROCESS (ACCORDING TO PEPA)
An environmental study comprising:
 Collection of data,
 Prediction of qualitative and quantitative impacts,
 Comparison of alternatives,
 Evaluation of preventive, mitigatory and compensatory
measures,
 Formulation of environmental management and
 Training plans and monitoring arrangements,
 Framing of recommendations and such other components as
may be prescribed.

8. WHY EIA?
 Increased project acceptance
 Improve project design
 Lower project cost in long term
 Reduce Environmental damage

9. WHO PREPARES AN EIA?
 The government agency or ministry,
 The project proponent.
 Hire a consultant

10. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The system of formal laws regulations procedures
and informal customs and norms that shape socio
economic activity and behavior.
EIA institutional system vary from country-to-
country and reflects different types of
governannce.

11. NATIONAL LEGISLATIONS
 It may include a statutory requirement for an EIA
to be done in a prescribed manner.
 Most legislation lists projects for which EIA is a
mandatory requirement.
 The statutory requirement to carry out an EIA
require registered experts to carry out the study.
 Other national legal requirements that govern the
use and protection of resources

12. EIA PROCESS
Consists of following steps:
 Identifying and Defining the Project
 Screening
 Scoping
 Baseline data collection
 Impact analysis and prediction
 Public participation
 Mitigation and impact management
 Environmental Management &
 Environmental Monitoring.

15. HINA MAQSOOD # 37
Topics to be covered:
 project description
 Screening
 scooping

16. PROJECT DESCRIPTION IS:
A detailed description about project and related
information such as:
 Project related industry
 Labor force
 Budget
 Investment
 Which sector project is related instruments used

17.  Landscape and Visual of site
 Ecology of area
 Noise units
 Electromagnetic Interference and Aviation;
 Forestry;
 Access, Traffic and Transport;
 Socio-Economics;

19. SCREENING
 Screening is done to determine whether or not a
proposal should be subject to EIA
 The threshold requirements for an EIA vary from
country to country

21. SCOPING
A Project Scoping Study gives the project manager the
opportunity to look at and assess the project before it
becomes formally "live“
Specifically it describes:
 what the project aims and objectives should be
 what the risks and possible difficulties are,
 and how the project should be organized and tackled.

22.  Checklists:
Checklists methods are
primarily for organizing
information or ensuring
that no potential impact
is overlooked

23. Matrices:
Matrix methods
identify interactions
between various
project actions and
environmental
parameters and
components

24. Networks:
cause effect flow diagrams
used to help in tracing the
web relationships.
important in identifying
direct and cumulative
impacts
more complex and need
expertise for their
effective use

25.  Consultations:
with decision makers,
affected communities,
environmental interest
groups to ensure that
all potential impacts
are detected

26. JUNAID HUSSAIN KHAN # 39
Topics to be covered:
 Baseline data collection
 Impact analysis and prediction
 EIA report

27. BASELINE DATA COLLECTION
 Refers to “the collection of background
information on the biophysical, social and
economic settings proposed project area.”
 Information is obtained from secondary sources
through field samplings, interviews, surveys and
consultations with the public.

28. WHY BASELINE DATA IS
COLLECTED?

29. Baseline data is collected for two main purposes:
 To provide a description of the current status and
trends of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutant
concentrations) of the host area .
 To provide a means of detecting actual change by
monitoring once a project has been initiated.

30. IMPACT ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION
 Predicting the magnitude of a development likely
impacts
 Evaluating their significance is core of
environmental assessment process
 Prediction should be based on the available
environmental baseline of the project area
 Once an impact has been predicted, its
significance must be evaluated using an
appropriate choice of criteria.

31. The most important forms of criterion are:
 Specific legal requirements e.g. national laws,
standards, international agreements and
conventions, relevant policies etc.
 Public views and complaints.
 Threat to sensitive ecosystems and resources e.g.
can lead to extinction of species and depletion of
resources, which can result, into conflicts.
 Geographical extent of the impact e.g. has trans-
boundary implications.

32. •Cost of mitigation
•Duration (time period over which they will occur)
•Likelihood or probability of occurrence (very likely,
unlikely, etc.)
•Reversibility of impact (natural recovery or aided by
human intervention)
•Number (and characteristics) of people likely to be
affected and their locations
•Cumulative impacts e.g. adding more impacts to
existing ones.
•Uncertainty in prediction due to lack of accurate data
or complex systems

34. EIA REPORT
Once, determined that
 a project has potentially significant impacts on the environment
 and the main issues to be considered in the study have been
identified,
The EIA has to be undertaken and presented in the
form of an Environmental Impact Assessment report.
The assessment must determine the significance of direct and
indirect impacts, both beneficial and adverse, and the duration of
the impacts.

35. EIA REPORT INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION:
 The impact on the physical environment.
 Any possible pollution of the soil, of waters of all kinds (such as
surface, underground, costal) and of the atmosphere.
 The impact on wildlife, the natural habitat and all other
ecological factors.
 The influence on the qualities of life of local populations.
 Any influence the project may have on existing industry and
employment.
 Any need that may result for new or improved infrastructure
such as utilities, transport, housing, school recreational amenities
etc.

37. AMBER FATIMA # 01
Topics to be covered:
 Decision making
 Public participation

38. DECISION MAKING :
Decision-making is a process of:
 weighing the benefits and costs
 balancing economic, social and environmental factors
 negotiation, bargaining and tradeoffs
Decision-making is a continuing process, comprising:
 Interim decisions made at each stage of EIA
 Final approval of a proposal
 Enforcement of conditions attached to approvals

39. EIA responsibilities imposed on decision makers:
 meet no further requirements
 provide reasons for the decision
 act in accordance with recommendations of a review
body
 The decision making process should be autonomous so
that the outcome of the review is seen as fair enough.

40. POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FROM EIA
DECISION MAKING:
 proposal approved (an EIA license is issued)
 proposal approved with conditions
 proposal on hold pending further study
 proposal returned for revision and resubmission
 proposal rejected

41. • EIA license is
IssuedEIA
ACCEPTED
• Additional studies
or
recommendations
EIA
REJECTED

42. CHECKS AND BALANCES ON DECISION
MAKING:
 no decision taken until EIA report considered
 findings help determine approval and condition
setting
 public comment taken into account
 approvals can be refused or withheld
 conditions can be imposed/ modifications
demanded
 written reasons for the decision

44. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
 Best EIA practice involves and engages the
public at numerous points throughout the process
 Two-way exchange of information and views
 TO the public (one-way e.g. press releases
newsletters etc.)
 Getting it FROM the public (one-way e.g. polls,
survey, questionnaire)
 depending on the type of project being considered

49. BENEFITS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
 Public awareness
 Public controversy
 Public can contribute local knowledge
 Suggest mitigations
 Env. Awareness in public and put in
discussion

50. MARIAM SHAREEF # 26
Topics to be covered:
 Mitigation and impact
management
 Environmental
Management Plan
 Environmental
Monitoring
 Administrative or Judicial
Review

51. MITIGATION AND IMPACT MANAGEMENT
The objectives of mitigation are:
 find better alternatives and ways of doing things;
 enhance the environmental and social benefits of
a project avoid,
 minimize or remedy adverse impacts; and
 Ensure that residual adverse impacts are kept
within acceptable levels.

52. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
 An (EMP) is a detailed plan and
schedule of measures necessary to
minimize, mitigate, etc. any potential
environmental impacts identified by the
EIA (World Bank 1999).

53. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING:
Environmental monitoring is the systematic
measurement of key environmental indicators over
time within a particular geographic area.
The main types are briefly described below:
Baseline Monitoring: A survey should be
conducted on basic environmental parameters in the
area surrounding the proposed project before
construction begins

54.  Impact Monitoring: The biophysical and socio-
economical (including public health) parameters
within the project area, must be measured during the
project construction
 Compliance Monitoring: This form of monitoring
employs a periodic sampling method, or continuous
recording of specific environmental quality
indicators or pollution levels to ensure project
compliance with recommended environmental
protection standards.

55. ADMINISTRATIVE
&
JUDICIAL REVIEW

56. ADMINISTRATIVE OR JUDICIAL REVIEW:
Process by which court examine the action of the three
wings
 Legislative
 Executive
 Administrative
Court has supervisory role making sure the decision
makers acts lawfully
Appeal: judicial review will identify the kinds of issues
that can be raised in An appeal.