nano ceramics and composites properties,preparation and applications

1. INTRODUCTIONTO
NANO SCIENCE
NANOCERAMICS AND
COMPOSITES
INTRODUCTIONTO NANOSCIENCE
Present by
ARAVINTH.D
Ist MSc
Department of NanoScience andTechnology
Alagappa university
Karaikudi

2. CONTENTS
• NANOTRUSS
• NANO CERAMICS
PREPARATION
PROPERTIES
APPLICATIONS
• NANO COMPOSITES
PRAPARATION
PROPERTIES
APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION

3. Nano truss
• More than 85% air and is very light
• strong
• Flexible and durable
• Made of alumina, or aluminum oxide
• It can revert to its original shape without any structural damage.
• Its maximum compression is about 1 micron from a thickness of
50 nanometers

4. NANO CERAMICS

5. Introduction
• Nanoceramic is a type of nanoparticle that is composed
of ceramics.
• Nanoceramics were discovered in the early 1980s.
• They were formed using a process called sol-gel which mixes
nanoparticles within a solution and gel to form the nanoparticle.
• It generally classified as inorganic, heat-resistant, nonmetallic
solids made of both metallic and nonmetallic compounds

6. Preparation
• Physical Methods
Vapor condensation methods
Spray pyrolysis
• Chemical Methods
Sol-gel technique
Reverse micro emulsions/micelles method
Precipitation from solutions

7. Material Processing by Sol-Gel Method
Introduction
• The sol-gel process is very long known since the late 18th century.
• The technique has been rediscovered in the early 1970s when
glasses where produced without high temperature melting
processes.
• This made possible the organic modification of silicon compounds
(ORMOSIL), which cannot withstand high temperatures.
• Sol-gel is a chemical solution process used to make ceramic and
glass materials in the form of thin films, fibers , or powders

8. • The sol-gel approach is interesting in that it is a cheap and low-
temperature technique that allows for the fine control on the
product’s chemical composition
• as even small quantities of dopants, such as organic dyes and rare
earth metals, can be introduced in the sol and end up in the final
product finely dispersed.
• An overview of the sol-gel process is presented in a simple graphic
work below.

9. SYNTHESIS BY SOL-GEL METHOD

10. Advantages of Sol-Gel Technique:
• Can produce thick coating to provide corrosion protection
performance
• Can easily shape materials into complex geometries in a gel state.
• Can produce high purity products because the organo-metallic
precursor of the desired ceramic oxides can be mixed, dissolved in a
specified solvent and hydrolyzed into a sol, and subsequently a gel,
the composition can be highly controllable.
• Can have low temperature sintering capability, usually 200-600°C.
• Can provide a simple, economic and effective method to produce
high quality coatings.

11. Nano ceramics properties
• Macroscale ceramics are brittle and rigid and break upon
impact.
• Nanoceramics take on a larger variety of functions
• Dielectric
• Ferroelectric
• Superconductive
• Magnetoresistive
• electro-optical

12. Applications of Nano Ceramics
• Medical technology used nanoceramics for bone repair
• It has been suggested for areas including energy supply
and storage, communication, transportation systems,
construction and medical technology.
• Nano trusses may be eventually applicable for building
materials, replacing concrete or steel

13. Paint Technology
• Anti scratch
• UV stable
• Prevents corrosion
• Non toxic
• Last upto 25years
• Easy to clean
• Protective coat

14. NANO COMPOSITES

15. Introduction
• What are composites??
word “composite” means “made of two or more different
parts.”
(or)
• A composite is a combination of two or more different materials that
are mixed in an effort to blend the best properties of both.

16. What are Nanocomposites?
• A Nanocomposite is a composite material, in which one of the
components has at least one dimension that is around 10-9 m
(or)
• A Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the
phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nm, or
structure having Nano-scale repeat distance between the different
phases that make up the material.

17. General characteristics
• continuous phase is called “matrix”, where as discontinuous phase
is called “reinforcement" or “reinforcing material”.
• consist of one or more discontinuous phases of distributed in one
continuous phase.

18. Properties of Nano Composites
• Tiny particles with very high aspect ratio, and hence larger
surface area
• Larger surface area enables better adhesion with the matrix /
surface
• Improvement in the mechanical performance of the parent
material
• Better transparency due to small size

19. Preparation of Nano composites
• Sol-gel process
•Electro spinning

20. Classification of nanocomposites
Nanocomposites
Polymer based
Non polymer
based

21. Non-Polymer based Nano composites
• Metal/Metal nanocomposites
(either in the form of alloy or core-shell structure) Eg. Pt-Ru
• Metal/Ceramic nanocomposites
(either in the form of nanotube or complicated nanostructure)
Eg. Polysilazane/polysiloxane
• Ceramic/Ceramic nanocomposites
(alloy or ceramic)Eg. Zirconia-toughened alumina

22. Polymer based Nano composites
• Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposites
(Layer structure) Eg. Barium-titanate with polymers
• Inorganic/Organic Polymer nanocomposites
(clusters) Eg. Polymer nanofiber with zero valent
nanoparticles.
• Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites
(Nanocrystal) Eg. CdS nanocrystals, Poly N- vinyl
carbozole- photo refractivity.

23. Cont.…..
• Polymer/ layered silicate nanocomposites
Eg. Nylon-6 (N6)/ montmorillonite(MMT) with silicate
• Polymer/Polymer nanocomposites
(fillers) Eg. Poly(p- phinylene oxide )- plastic scrap recycling
• Biocomposites
Eg. Elastin- collagen

24. Why Polymer Nano composites are
unique??
• Increase in electrical break down strength of polymers.
• Melting temperature, color ,magnetization and charge capacity is more.
• interacting Zone is increasing such that we can get our expected property.

25. Applications
• Electro catalyst in batteries for energy saving
• Light weight materials for less fuel consumption.
• In artificial joints, economically beneficial
• Carbon nanotubes most widely speaking nanomaterial which
can be made as nanocomposite fibers.
• Abrasion and wear Applications
• Marine Application
• Making lightweight sensors with Nano composites

26. Cont.…
• Food packaging
• Fuel tanks
• Films
• Environmental protection
• Flame ability reaction
• Erosion and corrosion Applications

27. Conclusion
• Nano composites are upcoming materials which
shows the great changes in all the industrial fields
and it is also going to be a economical barrier for
developing countries as a tool of Nanotechnology

28. Reference
• Wikipedia
• Hand book of nanoceramics and Nano composite coating and
materials edited by Abdel salam and Dieter scharnweber
• Hand book of nanoceramics and their based Nano devices; electric
applications by Hari singh nalwa