ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
Apj
1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Engineer, Scientist, President (non U.S.) (1931–2015)
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is an Indian, engineer, scientist who served his country as president from
2002 to 2007. He was the great example for a very good politician who led a very simple life.
Being the scientist, president his earning was 6 pants,4 shirts,3 suits, 2500 books,1 flat(which
he has donated) ,and number of rewards &awards including all the great awards,16 doctorates
.Even he had donated his last 8 years pension towards the development of his village.
Synopsis
Born in 1931 in Dhanushkodi, India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam joined India's defense department after
graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology. He was a central figure in the development
of the country's nuclear capabilities, and was hailed as a national hero after a series of
successful tests in 1998. Kalam served as India's president for one term, and died of a heart
attack on July 27, 2015.
Early Years
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Muslim family on
October 15, 1931, on the island of Dhanushkodi off the southeastern coast of India.
He developed an early fascination with flight by watching birds, which developed into an
interest in aeronautics after he saw a newspaper article about a British fighter plane.
2. Despite his modest beginnings – his dad built and rented boats –Kalam was a bright student
who showed promise in science and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph's College, and went
on to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology.
MISSILE MAN OF INDIA
His hope of becoming a fighter pilot was dashed when he narrowly missed out on a spot with
the Indian Air Force. Kalam instead joined the Defense Research and Development
Organization (DRDO) as a senior scientific assistant in 1958
After moving to the newly formed Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969, he was
named project director of the SLVIII, the first satellite launch vehicle designed and produced on
Indian soil.
Returning to the DRDO as director in 1982, Kalam implemented the Integrated Guided Missile
Development Program. He then became the senior scientific adviser to India's defense minister
in 1992, a position he used to campaign for the development of nuclear tests.
Kalam was a key figure in the May 1998 PokhranII tests, in which five nuclear devices were
detonated in the Rajasthan Desert. Although the tests resulted in condemnation and economic
sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national hero for his stanch defense
of the country’s security.
3. Rise to the Presidency
As from the normal child from the normal family HE rises to the level of
the FIRST CITIZEN. Without any political background the only one MAN
who was selected as the Indian President by the supporting votes of all
parties in India.
In 2002, India's ruling National Democratic Alliance helped Kalam win an election against
Lakshmi Sahgal and become India's 11th president, a largely ceremonial post. Known as the
People's President, Kalam set a goal of conducting 500,000 one on one meetings with young
people over the course of his five year term. His immense popularity led to him being nominated
by MTV for a Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and 2006.
After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He
formed the "What Can I Give Movement" in 2011 with the goal of creating a compassionate
society, and in 2012, his efforts to improve healthcare led to the release of a tablet for medical
personnel to use in remote areas
Awards & Achievements
Kalam was the proud recipient of Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna awards
from the Government of India. He received the same in the years 1981, 1990 and 1997,
respectively.
In 1997, he was honored by the Government of India with the Indira Gandhi Award for National
Integration.
Later, the next year, he was awarded the Veer Savarkar Award by the Government of India.
The Always Research Centre, Chennai, bestowed Kalam with Ramanujan Award in the year
2000.
Kalam was honored with the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, U.K in 2007.
4. The California Institute of Technology, U.S.A, presented Kalam with the International von Karman
Wings Award in the year 2009. The same year, he won the Hoover Medal by ASME Foundation,
USA.
The IEEE honored Kalam with IEEE Honorary Membership in 2011.
Kalam was the proud recipient of honorary doctorates from 40 universities.
In addition to this, Kalam's 79th birthday was recognized as World Students' Day by United
Nations.
He was nominated for the MTV Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and in 2006.
.
Death and Legacy
On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart attack while lecturing at the Indian Institute of
Management and subsequently died at the age of 83.
Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in his native Tamil Nadu. In honor of the
Scientist and former president, the southeast Indian state government of Tamil Nadu created a
"Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," which recognizes exceptional individuals who promote the
Sciences, students and humanities. The government has also established Kalam's birthday
(October 15) as "Youth Renaissance Day." Discussion about building a large scale
memorial at his burial site is underway.
Among his many accolades, including honorary doctorates from 40 universities, he was granted
the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997) —
India's highest civilian awards — for his contributions in modernizing government defense
technology. He also wrote several books, including the autobiography Wings of Fire in 1999.
5. Following are 10 quotes by the scientist, author and former President who always liked the
children and insists the development of our nation is on the hands of the students. So his
birth day is started to celebrate as “STUDENT’S DAY”.
1. You have to dream before your dreams can come true.
2. Excellence is a continuous process and not an accident.
3. Life is a difficult game. You can win it only by retaining your birthright to be a person.
4. Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.
5. We will be remembered only if we give to our younger generation a prosperous and
safe India, resulting out of economic prosperity coupled with civilizational heritage.
6. Those who cannot work with their hearts achieve but a hollow, half-hearted success that
breeds bitterness all around.
7. Educationists should build the capacities of the spirit of inquiry, creativity,
entrepreneurial and moral leadership among students and become their role model.
8. Look at the sky. We are not alone. The whole universe is friendly to us and conspires
only to give the best to those who dream and work.
9. If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly
feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the
father, the mother and the teacher.
10.My message, especially to young people is to have courage to think differently, courage
to invent, to travel the unexplored path, courage to discover the impossible and to
6. conquer the problems and succeed. These are great qualities that they must work
towards. This is my message to the young people.