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PERMACULTURE
&
FOREST GARDENING
Mediterranean Garden Society, Italy

2015-10-09
Annemiek van Moorst
gardening with nature not against it
1
why change is needed
2
continuous increase in CO2 and other gases
cause the greenhouse effect and climate change
3
deforestation
4
polar ice melting at alarming rate
5
oceans acidify, warm-up, sea levels rising
6
California's worst drought in 1,200 years
7
Up to 60 percent of Syria's land and 1.3
million people are affected by drought in Syria
8
agricultural malpractice: monoculture,
pesticides, loss of top soil
9
http://naturedesignsjohnfranci.com/videos/
10
and we eat too much meat - ‘cow-spiracy'
11
Culture change
Consumption culture 

“I am what I buy”
12
Renewable energy culture 

“I am what I save and protect”
13
–Bill Mollison
“Though the problems of the world
are increasingly complex, the
solutions remain embarrassingly
simple”
14
Permaculture is...
• The conscious design and maintenance of agriculturally
productive systems which have the diversity, stability,
and resilience of natural ecosystems. It is the
harmonious integration of the landscape with people
providing their food, energy, shelter and other material
and non-material needs in a sustainable way
• Permanent (agri)culture
• Founded by Bill Mollison in 1974

Cofounders: David Holmgren, Geoff Lawton (students)
15
Permaculture is...
• The best way to fight climate change, erosion,
protect nature and biodiversity in a productive
setting…
• Forest gardening may be the best choice for
gardeners like us...
16
Forest gardening is…
• A low-maintenance sustainable plant-based
food production and agroforestry system based
on woodland ecosystems
• A prehistoric method of securing food in tropical
areas
• In the 1980s, Robert Hart coined the term "forest
gardening" after adapting the principles and
applying them to temperate climates
17
My favs
Martin Crawford
Sepp Holzer
Masanoku Fukuoka
Gilles Clément
Paul Gautschi
Paul Stamets
lizard orchid
himantoglossum hircinum
18
Martin Crawford
‘Creating a forest garden’
19
https://www.agroforestry.co.uk
20
Sepp Holzer
‘Holzer’s permaculture’
21
http://youtu.be/J3iGa539a4M
22
Masanoku Fukuoka
‘The one-straw revolution’
23
Gilles Clément
Le jardin en mouvement
24
Paul Gautschi
‘Back to Eden’
25
Paul Stamets
‘Mycelium running’
https://www.ted.com/talks/
paul_stamets_on_6_ways_mushrooms_can_s
ave_the_world
26
rebuild natural capital
Care for the earth
Care for peoplefair share
27
observe
& interact
catch
& store
energy
obtain
a yield
self-regulate
& accept feedback
use & value renewable
resources& services
produce
no waste
design from
patterns
to detail
integrate
rather than
segregate
use small and
slow solutions
use and value
diversity
use edges
& value the
marginal
creatively use
& respond
to change
28
Care for the earth
Care for peoplefair share
Permaculture: 

ethics and design principles
29
Care for the earth
Care for peoplefair share
observe & interact
creatively use & respond
to change
catch & store
energy
produce no waste
obtain
a yield
Self-regulate
& accept
feedback
use & value
renewable
resources& services
design from patterns
to detail
integrate
rather than
segregate
use small
and slow
solutions
use and value
diversity
use edges & value the
marginal
30
the seven layers of a forest garden
31
sassafras albidum
32
siberean pea
caragena arborescens
33
fuchsia magellanica
34
russian comfrey
symphytum x uplandicum
35
elephant garlic
allium ampeloprasum
36
groundcover raspberry
rubus pentalobus
37
hardy kiwi
actinidia arguta
38
five-flavour berry
schisandra chinensis
39
Tips & Advice
• Make an overall plan but 'le jardin en mouvement': adjust
• Mulch with wood chips, straw, weeds, grass clippings, gravel
• Make your own compost (or throw kitchen waste directly on ground)
• Do not dig, let worms and microorganisms do the work for you
• Do not fill plant holes with anything other then original soil
• Choose plants that fit your conditions
• Minimise weeding: start loving some…
• Observe and learn
40
41
Help Italy change
• Start in your own garden
• Spread the word…
• Questions?
42
THANK YOU!
buckwheat
fagopyrum esculentum
43

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Permaculture & Forest Gardening