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The History of

                 HTML5
By Mike Wilcox
May 4th 2010
Recent News
 Apple bans Flash from iPhone

 Developers demand to know why

 “Because I said so” says Steve Jobs.
In the Beginning...


              Prodigy




1980   1985   1990    1995   2000
HTML is born
   HyperText Markup Language by Tim Berners-
   Lee in 1989

                                     Tim Berne
                                               rs-Lee
Intended to deliver the features
of ENQUIRE, a private hyperlinked
DB as an open, distributed
application that could work across
the Internet




1989       1990           1995       2000        2005
SGML
 HTML was based on SGML, a markup
 invented by IBM in the early 60s

 Used to facilitate the transfer of files
 between different systems

 A way for governments, industry and
 the military to structure complex
 documents in a way that was
 unambiguous and could be accessed and
 modified by automated systems.

 Used to annotate presentational
 features, procedural features, or
 descriptive features
Standardization
 In 1993, submitted to the
 International Engineering Task Force




1990   1993          1995        2000   2005
Mosaic                                   See? I did invent it!
   IETF required an implementation

   Lee references Mosaic in the spec

   Developed at the American NCSA,
   which had been funded by
   congressman Al Gore

   Part of an effort to promote the
   development communications by
   leveraging the power of market
   forces using strategic government
   investment.


1990   1993          1995         2000         2005
Open Standard
   HTML is open source and backed by
   government investment

   Kills the business models of
   CompuServe, GEnie, Prodigy


           Allows users to
          create their own
            pages and host
       them on any server

1990   1993          1995         2000   2005
Standards Groups
   In 1994, IETF creates the
   HTML Working Group

   Berners-Lee creates the
   World Wide Web Consortium

   The HTML 2.0 IETF specification
   was released in 1995

   In 1996, the IETF closed

   W3C takes over



1990     1994 1996                  2000   2005
Netscape
   Based on the Mosaic web browser,
   which was co-written by Marc
   Andreessen and funded by Jim Clark

   Begins immediately creating non-
   standard functionality, like page
   colors and font faces




1990     1994        1995         2000   2005
Internet Explorer
   MSN originally intended to be like
   Prodigy and CompuServe

   Sees threat to their desktop
   monopoly from Netscape and Sun

   MS licenses and forks Mosaic




1990       1995            2000         2005   2010
The Battle Begins


   Adds bgcolor, font-face     Adds ActiveX, VB Script
   Adds JavaScript             Adds JScript
   Adds cookies                Adds Marquee tag
   Adds its own ActiveX
   Adds Frames!
   Adds Blink Tag!

1990       1995              2000      2005         2010
W3C to the rescue!
                                             < BLINK
                                                >
   Deprecates Netscape’s presentational markup

   Introduces CSS 1.0

   Because HTML3.2 was such a disaster, allows
   “transitional” and “strict” pages

   HTML 3.2 and 4.0 released at the same time, one
   year after 2.0 which introduced international
   characters, tables, and image maps



1990       1995   1997       2000         2005
DOCTYPE
   That strict/transitional
   thing? It led to this.




1990       1995    1997       2000   2005
The Browser Wars


 Browser free for users     Bundled free with
                            Windows
 Constellation
                            1995 6 person team
 Web to replace OS          grew in 1999 to 1000
 Java promised to deliver   Released 6 versions in 6
 sophisticated web apps     years
 Released 4 versions in 7
 years
1990       1995             2001            2005
The Fall of Netscape


 Tried to support old          Forces Apple to use IE
 Mariner and create Gecko
                               Cripples Java
 Communicator bloated
 with an email client, a       Ties IE to OS
 newsgroup reader, an          Cuts vendor deals
 address book, calendar,
 collaboration tools, a push
 client, and an HTML editor


1990       1995                2001            2005
The Dark Ages
   Netscape continues to release faulty versions

   MS stops releasing versions and focuses on the
   security mess it created

   After-math was tons of proprietary, unfinished, buggy
   features
   Due to lack of browser
   innovation, developers
   turn to Macromedia
   Flash



1990       1995         2001            2006
Meanwhile, at the W3C...
XHTML                               “ The   Answer to
                                       t he Ultimate
 HTML was too hard for implementers.
                                        Question of
 1999, the W3C publishes XHTML 1.0,       Life, the
 which is SGML/HTML 4.0, only in XML Universe, an d
 and with extensibility
                                        E ver ything."
   In 2002, W3C publishes XHTML 2.0
   which “fixes” the web. It is not
   backwards compatible and focuses on
   extensibility




1990       1995        1999 2002              2005
Ian Hickson
<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
...
 //--><!]]></script>
                                            Uhm... IE
                                         doesn’t support
                                            XHTML.

 works a
         t google


<style type="text/css"><!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
...
 /*]]>*/--></style>


1990       1995         2000       2002          2005
Mark Pilgrim


                         "Standards are
                        bullshit. XHTML is
                        a crock. The W3C
                          is irrelevant."




                      at goo gle too
                works


1990   1995    2000    2002            2005
Meanwhile...
A browser with tabs!!
   When AOL scaled back its involvement, the Mozilla
   Foundation was launched on July 15, 2003 to ensure they
   could survive without Netscape.

   Three people fork the Netscape into a new browser: Dave
   Hyatt, Blake Ross and Joe Hewitt.

   The new browser is named:

       Phoenix
                            e also created
       Firebird           H
                               Firebug!
       Mozilla Firebird

       Firefox
1990         1995         2000      2003         2005
Bill Gates on Firefox:



                    So much software
                 gets downloaded all the
                   time, but do people
                     actually use it?
Mozilla and Opera proposed to the W3C:


        Would you please drop your XHTML efforts
           in favor of extending HTML 4 in more
       practical new ways that focused on rich web
                        applications?



                             No.




1990      1995        2000           2004        2005
What the What?
   Apple, Mozilla, and Opera start up the independent

   WHATWG
                            text App lication
                 Web  Hyper            Group
                      nology  Working
                 Tech

                                   I gotta have
                                  more standards!




1990       1995          2000            2004           2005
WHATWG Goals
   Return the web to its open roots
                                        backward
   Bypass Flash, Silverlight, JavaFX    compatibility

   Modernize HTML                       specs match
                                        implementation
   Adapt the DOM, advance JavaScript
                                        specs clear and
                                        unambiguous



                                   Waitaminute! Where
                                         is IE??

1990        1995           2000         2004            2005
New WHATWG Proposal
   W3C Accepts, forms the HTMLWG

   Drops XHTML.
                       Ok.

                                        Yes. Another
                      But I’m in            one.
                       charge.




                             Sure you
                               are.

1990      1995        2000          2005     2007
New WHATWG Proposal
   In 2008 the first draft of HTML5 is published.




   Ian Hickson
                                           I wrote it!




1990       1995          2000           2005       2008
Adobe Says...
                             How do you get a
                        consistent display of HTML
                            5 across browsers?



    It might be a
    decade before
     HTML 5 sees
   standardization.



1990       1995       2000       2005      2009
HTML5 Implementations
        canvas, getElementsByClassName, localStorage,
 sessionStorage, Database storage, Custom content handlers,
 ping attribute, cross-document messaging, Audio interface,
   video element, Server-sent DOM events, contenteditable
  attribute, Drag & drop, DOMContentLoaded, Web Workers,
Offline Web applications, MathML, inline SVG, Web Forms 2.0

                    Seems fine w
                                ithout Flash
                            so far.




   1995        2000           2005             2010
Meanwhile...
IE Setbacks
 MS loses interest in Mac, Safari replaces IE 5.5

 Firebug makes developers swoon to Firefox

 Firefox has a bigger market share than IE8

 IE7 sucked
                                      Get off my
 IE8 sucked                             Mac!




    It h as Tabs!!!!

 1995         2000           2005                   2010
IE Setbacks
 Google creates Gears to get around limitations of IE

 Google creates Chrome as an alternative to IE

 Google Wave doesn’t support IE
                                                  pretty.
 YouTube drops support for IE6


 Alex.

                            Not feeling the
                            love over here.




 1995        2000            2005                2010
Introducing IE9
  At MIX 2010, MS announces support for SVG

  Dean Hachamovitch says “The future of the web is
  HTML5”

  IE9 to support HTML5 Video (H.264)

  Expected to release in 2011 and not be tied to the OS



Dean.                         We get it! We
                              finally get it!




 1995         2000           2005              2010
News Revisited
 Developers demand to know why Apple bans Flash
 from iPhone

 It should now be obvious that the Flash plugin was
 never part of Apple’s plan. It’s collateral damage.
The History of HTML5

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The History of HTML5

  • 1. The History of HTML5 By Mike Wilcox May 4th 2010
  • 2. Recent News Apple bans Flash from iPhone Developers demand to know why “Because I said so” says Steve Jobs.
  • 3. In the Beginning... Prodigy 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
  • 4. HTML is born HyperText Markup Language by Tim Berners- Lee in 1989 Tim Berne rs-Lee Intended to deliver the features of ENQUIRE, a private hyperlinked DB as an open, distributed application that could work across the Internet 1989 1990 1995 2000 2005
  • 5. SGML HTML was based on SGML, a markup invented by IBM in the early 60s Used to facilitate the transfer of files between different systems A way for governments, industry and the military to structure complex documents in a way that was unambiguous and could be accessed and modified by automated systems. Used to annotate presentational features, procedural features, or descriptive features
  • 6. Standardization In 1993, submitted to the International Engineering Task Force 1990 1993 1995 2000 2005
  • 7. Mosaic See? I did invent it! IETF required an implementation Lee references Mosaic in the spec Developed at the American NCSA, which had been funded by congressman Al Gore Part of an effort to promote the development communications by leveraging the power of market forces using strategic government investment. 1990 1993 1995 2000 2005
  • 8. Open Standard HTML is open source and backed by government investment Kills the business models of CompuServe, GEnie, Prodigy Allows users to create their own pages and host them on any server 1990 1993 1995 2000 2005
  • 9. Standards Groups In 1994, IETF creates the HTML Working Group Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web Consortium The HTML 2.0 IETF specification was released in 1995 In 1996, the IETF closed W3C takes over 1990 1994 1996 2000 2005
  • 10. Netscape Based on the Mosaic web browser, which was co-written by Marc Andreessen and funded by Jim Clark Begins immediately creating non- standard functionality, like page colors and font faces 1990 1994 1995 2000 2005
  • 11. Internet Explorer MSN originally intended to be like Prodigy and CompuServe Sees threat to their desktop monopoly from Netscape and Sun MS licenses and forks Mosaic 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
  • 12. The Battle Begins Adds bgcolor, font-face Adds ActiveX, VB Script Adds JavaScript Adds JScript Adds cookies Adds Marquee tag Adds its own ActiveX Adds Frames! Adds Blink Tag! 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
  • 13. W3C to the rescue! < BLINK > Deprecates Netscape’s presentational markup Introduces CSS 1.0 Because HTML3.2 was such a disaster, allows “transitional” and “strict” pages HTML 3.2 and 4.0 released at the same time, one year after 2.0 which introduced international characters, tables, and image maps 1990 1995 1997 2000 2005
  • 14. DOCTYPE That strict/transitional thing? It led to this. 1990 1995 1997 2000 2005
  • 15. The Browser Wars Browser free for users Bundled free with Windows Constellation 1995 6 person team Web to replace OS grew in 1999 to 1000 Java promised to deliver Released 6 versions in 6 sophisticated web apps years Released 4 versions in 7 years 1990 1995 2001 2005
  • 16. The Fall of Netscape Tried to support old Forces Apple to use IE Mariner and create Gecko Cripples Java Communicator bloated with an email client, a Ties IE to OS newsgroup reader, an Cuts vendor deals address book, calendar, collaboration tools, a push client, and an HTML editor 1990 1995 2001 2005
  • 17. The Dark Ages Netscape continues to release faulty versions MS stops releasing versions and focuses on the security mess it created After-math was tons of proprietary, unfinished, buggy features Due to lack of browser innovation, developers turn to Macromedia Flash 1990 1995 2001 2006
  • 19. XHTML “ The Answer to t he Ultimate HTML was too hard for implementers. Question of 1999, the W3C publishes XHTML 1.0, Life, the which is SGML/HTML 4.0, only in XML Universe, an d and with extensibility E ver ything." In 2002, W3C publishes XHTML 2.0 which “fixes” the web. It is not backwards compatible and focuses on extensibility 1990 1995 1999 2002 2005
  • 20. Ian Hickson <script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- ... //--><!]]></script> Uhm... IE doesn’t support XHTML. works a t google <style type="text/css"><!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/ ... /*]]>*/--></style> 1990 1995 2000 2002 2005
  • 21. Mark Pilgrim "Standards are bullshit. XHTML is a crock. The W3C is irrelevant." at goo gle too works 1990 1995 2000 2002 2005
  • 23. A browser with tabs!! When AOL scaled back its involvement, the Mozilla Foundation was launched on July 15, 2003 to ensure they could survive without Netscape. Three people fork the Netscape into a new browser: Dave Hyatt, Blake Ross and Joe Hewitt. The new browser is named: Phoenix e also created Firebird H Firebug! Mozilla Firebird Firefox 1990 1995 2000 2003 2005
  • 24. Bill Gates on Firefox: So much software gets downloaded all the time, but do people actually use it?
  • 25. Mozilla and Opera proposed to the W3C: Would you please drop your XHTML efforts in favor of extending HTML 4 in more practical new ways that focused on rich web applications? No. 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005
  • 26. What the What? Apple, Mozilla, and Opera start up the independent WHATWG text App lication Web Hyper Group nology Working Tech I gotta have more standards! 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005
  • 27. WHATWG Goals Return the web to its open roots backward Bypass Flash, Silverlight, JavaFX compatibility Modernize HTML specs match implementation Adapt the DOM, advance JavaScript specs clear and unambiguous Waitaminute! Where is IE?? 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005
  • 28. New WHATWG Proposal W3C Accepts, forms the HTMLWG Drops XHTML. Ok. Yes. Another But I’m in one. charge. Sure you are. 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007
  • 29. New WHATWG Proposal In 2008 the first draft of HTML5 is published. Ian Hickson I wrote it! 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
  • 30. Adobe Says... How do you get a consistent display of HTML 5 across browsers? It might be a decade before HTML 5 sees standardization. 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
  • 31. HTML5 Implementations canvas, getElementsByClassName, localStorage, sessionStorage, Database storage, Custom content handlers, ping attribute, cross-document messaging, Audio interface, video element, Server-sent DOM events, contenteditable attribute, Drag & drop, DOMContentLoaded, Web Workers, Offline Web applications, MathML, inline SVG, Web Forms 2.0 Seems fine w ithout Flash so far. 1995 2000 2005 2010
  • 33. IE Setbacks MS loses interest in Mac, Safari replaces IE 5.5 Firebug makes developers swoon to Firefox Firefox has a bigger market share than IE8 IE7 sucked Get off my IE8 sucked Mac! It h as Tabs!!!! 1995 2000 2005 2010
  • 34. IE Setbacks Google creates Gears to get around limitations of IE Google creates Chrome as an alternative to IE Google Wave doesn’t support IE pretty. YouTube drops support for IE6 Alex. Not feeling the love over here. 1995 2000 2005 2010
  • 35. Introducing IE9 At MIX 2010, MS announces support for SVG Dean Hachamovitch says “The future of the web is HTML5” IE9 to support HTML5 Video (H.264) Expected to release in 2011 and not be tied to the OS Dean. We get it! We finally get it! 1995 2000 2005 2010
  • 36. News Revisited Developers demand to know why Apple bans Flash from iPhone It should now be obvious that the Flash plugin was never part of Apple’s plan. It’s collateral damage.

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