remote sensing & its application

1. Submitted by-
ANKIT SINGH
ANMOL CHOUDHARY
B.TECH(civil engg.)
2010-2014 batch

2. REMOTE SENSING
 Remote Sensing is the
science of acquiring
information about the
earth’s surface without
actually being is physical
contact with surface.

3. •This is done by sensing and recording
reflected or emitted energy and processing ,
analyzing and applying that information.
•The characteristics of an object can be
determined using reflected or emitted
electromagnetic radiation from the object i.e.
each object has unique and different
characteristics of reflection or emission
depending upon different environmental
condition.

4. •The data collected by remote sensing
is called remotely sensed data.
•The remote sensing datas are used in
agriculture , land use , forestry ,
geology , hydrology , oceangraphy and
environment operated by computer or
manually.

7. PRINCIPLE OF REMOTE SENSING
 All objects on the surface of earth have spectral
signature. A spectral signature of an object or ground
surface is a set of values for the reflectance or radiance
of the feature with well defined wavelength interval.
 The response of ground surface material to incident
radiation is the reflectance and the energy emitted by
all objects as a function of their temperature and
structure is the emittance. The reflectance and
emittance determine the signature.

9. Classification of remote sensing
Active remote sensing
generates and uses its own
source of energy (EM) , which is
directed towards the objects
and return energy is measured.

10. •Passive remote sensing
it uses sun as a source of
electromagnetic energy and
records the energy that is naturally
radiated or reflected from the
objects.

12. Componenet of remote sensing
 A source of electromagnetic energy ( from sun , self
emission).
 Transmission of the energy from the source of to the
surface of earth ( scattering & absorption).
 Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the earth
surface , reflection and re-emission.
 Transmission of energy from the surface to remote
sensor.
 Sensor data output.
 Processing and analyzing the sensor data output.

13. target
Energy source
Sensor
Transmission of emitted or reflected Em
Radiation from the target
Electromagnetic radiation
Component of a remote sensing system

14. Idealized remote sensing system
Electromagnetic energy of all
wavelengths and of uniform intensity is
produced by an ideal source (SUN).
In this system enegy propagates from
the source without loss to a
homogenous target and the enegy of
various wavelenghts interacts and
emitted enegy.

15. Components of an ideal remote
sensing
Electromagnetic enegy source. (SUN)
Energy propagation
Energy interaction
Return signal
Recording
Supply of information in the desired
form

17. Remote sensing platform
The base at which sensor is mounted is
called remote sensing platform.
 Types of remote sensing sensor
1) Air borne platform
sensor mounted on a aircraft and
information recorded regarding the
earth surface by capturing.

18. 2) Spaced based platform
sensor mounted on a satelight and
have more advantage than air borne
platform and provides synoptic view
( observations of large area in a single
image).
3) ground platform
a ladder , a scaffold or a truck having
a sensor but not used in now days.

20. Remote sensing satelights
Geostationary satellites
positioned in equatorial plane at
altitude of 36000 km and the orbit in
which it moves is called geostationary
orbit. These satellites have the same
period as the earth and become
stationary.

21. •Sun-synchronous satellite
These are RS Satellites which resolve
around earth in a sun-synchronous
orbit.(altitude 700-1500km) defined by
its fixed inclination angle from the
earth’s N-S axis. Such satellites
provides the observation of scenes of
the same area under condition of
uniform illumination.

22. DATA PRODUCTS USED IN REMOTE
SENSING
 PHOTOGRAPHS
it may be aerial . The photograph taken with an
aerial camera having the camera station in the air
and the axis of the camera vertical or nearly
vertical . It may be of different type-vertical
photograph
the axis of camera is vertical or nearly vertical.
oblique photograph
axis of camera intastionally tilted from the
vertical.

23. Low oblique photograph
when angle of inclination at 30 degree with the
vertical.
High oblique photograph
when angle of inclination at 60 degree with the
vertical.
Convergent photograph
low oblique photograph taken with two amera
exposed at successive exposure station with the
their axis tilted at a fixd inclination from the
vertical in direction of flight.

24. Trimetrogen photograph
combination of vertical and low oblique
photograph exposed simultaneously from
the air station with two camera.

25. Mosaics
The photomaps obtained by assembling two or
more photograph to form a single picture of an
area. photograph prepared photomap.
Orthophoto
the pictorial depiction of the terrain derived from
aerial photography in such a way that there are
no relief or tilt displacement is called
orthophoto.

26. Satellites imagery or digital image
In satellite remote sensing the data of an area of earth’s surface is
collected in digital form using sensor & scanners and stored on
computer compatiable tapes (CCT). Or some other storage device.
This data in the digital form is termed as imagery.
Some indian remote sensing satellites (IRS)
satellite for earth observation (SEO) called bhaskara-1 launched
in june 1979 by soriet launch vehicle.
SEO-2 (bhaskara -2) launched in nov 1981 by soriet cosmodrome.
india’s first semi-operational remote sensing satellites(IRS)
launched in sep 1987 by soriet union.
IRS series of satellites launched by IRS mission are-
IRS1A,IRS1B,IRS1C,IRS1D & IRSP4.

27. Application of remote sensing
 Continuous monitoring of the earth’s
natural and other resources.
 Determine impact of man’s activities on air ,
water and land.
Remote sensor data provides neccessary
information for making sound decision and
in formulating policy regarding land use
and resources development.
 Detects forest fire before the smoke appears.

28.  It detects the plant disceases before spotled.
 It detects the presence of pollution on earth’s
feature.
 It is much suitable for GIS.
ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW
the selection of portion spectrum which has high
transmission of EMR is called atmospheric window . In
other words the wavelenghts which are able to pass
through the atmosphere without loss or a minimum loss
are called atmospheric window.