Presentation 18 march 2017

1. Bengaluru’s Airpocalypse Air Pollution Problems & Solutions Supported by Karnataka State Pollution Control Board and ELCIA In partnership with Society for Community Health Awareness, Research and Action (SOCHARA) & Co Media Lab, a Radio Active CR 90.4 MHz & Citizen Matters initiative

2. Measurement of Air Quality • DENSITY OF Coverage How many sensors are required to cover the city? • RANGE OF MEASUREMENT How does the data quantify the actual experience of air pollution? • Data Measured and processed How should data should be collected? • Dissipation format How can AQ data be put out in a way that diverse stakeholders can use it? • Data accuracy and reliability How does pollution data relate to My street, My neighbourhood, My Exposure, My health? (Context of users)

3. • DENSITY OF Coverage How many sensors are required to cover the city • RANGE OF MEASUREMENT How does the data quantify the actual experience of air pollution? • Data Measured and processed How should data should be collected? • Dissipation format How can AQ data be put out in a way that diverse stakeholders can use it? • Data accuracy and reliability How does pollution data relate to My street, My neighbourhood, My Exposure, My health? (Context of users) 15 Sensors City Scale: 709 sq km2 Population: 10.2 Million 5 Sensors Neighbourhood: 2.25 sq km2 Population: 25,000 Ambient Air Gravimetric, Beta Attenuation Monitoring Local Air Laser Optical Scattering Wide range sensing Short range sensing (200 m radius) Juxtaposed with activity patterns, health status and perceptions of people on Air quality data PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 Also released as AQI PM2.5 Monthly averages Per minute data 24 hr cycle 3 month long data collection Measurement of Air Quality KSPCB BTM Study

4. 4 Key goals • Quantification of air pollution, and its impact. • Recognising who is most vulnerable and how much? • Testing the role of commodity sensors, as cost-effective alternative for citizens to be involved in understanding their local environment better. • What is the role of spatial design of layouts, zoning, and traffic in determining air quality of an area? CONCEPT • Develop people-first methodology for understanding urban air pollution and conceive solutions that improve air quality for everyone. • Going ‘local’ is intended to potentially find a stronger linkage between symptom-causality linkages. How much does air quality change due to differences in the urban environment and other meteorological circumstances?

5. DATA • Site Context Data - Meteorological Data - Local sources of Air pollution - Design of Urban Fabric • Air Quality Data • Field surveys • Health assessment PROCESS ANALYSIS • Learnings from the Field • Data collation and Analysis • LUR modelling - to predict air quality of areas outside sensor locations • Dispersion modelling Proposals • Developing measures for mitigation of air pollution.

6. Air Quality Data Identificaton of suitable sensor locations Analysing urban functions and hierachy of roads Analysing connectivity of the road, that is a key determinant affecting traffic behaviour and road hierachy based on usage

7. Field Interviews Perception Behavior Physiology Quality of air, main sources of air pollution, points of most exposure Travel behavior - use of transit or private vehicles, car sharing, etc; Smoking or non smoking Health ailments such as respiratory conditions, skin allergies, etc. Health costs 227 Surveys conducted 6 days | 9 Volunteers

8. FIELD SURVEY Interviewee Types Age Gender Profession

9. Nature of occupationents vs Recent residents In BTM Close to 60% of the sample population has been in BTM for over5 years Living in BTM Nature of residence FIELD SURVEY Interviewee Types Long term vs Short term residents Close to 60% of the population has been in BTM for over 5 years

10. Perception of Quality of air in BTM What do people think? 0%! 10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%! D rivers (autos,taxis,buses)! O ffice G oers & Students! O thers! O utdoorW orker-Vendors,H aw kers! Policem an! R esidents orW ork from hom e! UNHEALTHY 2! UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE GROUPS! MODERATE! GOOD! 0%! 10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%! D rivers (autos,taxis,buses)! O ffice G oers & Students! O thers! O utdoorW orker-Vendors,H aw kers! Policem an! R esidents orW ork from hom e! UN UN GR MO GO %! %! %! %! %! %! %! %! %! %! %! os,taxis,buses)! O ffice G oers & Students! O thers! O utdoorW orker-Vendors,H aw kers! Policem an! R esidents orW ork from hom e! UNHEALTHY 2! UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE GROUPS! MODERATE! GOOD! Unhealthy Unhealthy for sensitive groups Moderate Good0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% D rivers (Autos,taxis,buses) O ffice G oers/Students O thers O utdoorW orkers (Vendors,H aw kers) Policem an Residents/ W ork from hom e FIELD SURVEY | PERCEPTION

11. Do people feel differently in different parts of BTM? Unhealthy Unhealthy for sensitive groups Moderate Good FIELD SURVEY | PERCEPTION Perception of Quality of air in BTM What do people think?

12. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Living & Working Living Working TripShare between BTM Residents Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler Taxi Pvt car 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Living & Working Living Working Contributionto Air Pollution Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler Taxi Pvt car 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Living & Working Living Working Exposureto Air Pollution Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler FIELD SURVEY | Behavior Modal share among trips by residents of BTM & its Impact Trip Share Between BTM Residents Contribution to Air Pollution Exposure to Air Pollution Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler Taxi Pvt Car

13. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 >0.5 0.5-2 3.0-5.0 6.0-10.0 10.0-20 >20 BOTH LIVE WORK > 0.5 km 0.6-2 km 3-5 km 6-10 km 10-20 km > 20 km 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% TripShare between BTM Residents Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler Taxi Pvt car 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% TripShare between BTM Residents Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler Taxi Pvt car 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% TripShare between BTM Residents Walking Cycle Bus Auto 2 Wheeler Taxi Pvt car Live Work Both FIELD SURVEY | Behavior Hours Spent in Traffic

14. Unhealthy Healthy Unhealthy Healthy FIELD SURVEY | Physiology Health Ailments due to air pollution

15. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106Simplifica 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106Simplifica 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 50 100250 Breathlessness Irritationtoeyes/nose/throat Sinusitis SkinAllergies asthma FIELD SURVEY | Physiology Juxtaposition of - Types of Health Ailments, Exposure, Type of Profession Asthma Skin Allergies Sinusitis Irritation to eyes / Nose / Throat Breathlessness Cafe / Shop Owner, Employee or Manager Office Goers & Students Drivers (Autos, taxis, buses)

16. Kuvempu Park Air Quality | 1 of 5 Locations

17. Kuvempu Park Air Quality | Seasonal Variability

18. Kuvempu Park Air Quality | Variability across Week and Time of day

19. cOMPARISON BETWEEN REGULATORY AND COMMODITY SENSOR

20. DATA • Site Context Data - Meteorological Data - Local sources of Air pollution - Design of Urban Fabric • Air Quality Data • Field surveys • Health assessment ANALYSIS • Learnings from the Field • Data collation and Analysis • LUR modelling - to predict air quality of areas outside sensor locations • Dispersion modelling Proposals • Developing measures for mitigation of air pollution. NEXT STEPS

21. What can citizens do?

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