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Phylum Porifera

The Sponges

1

Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera Overview
 Most
–



There is some debate if sponges are complex
colonial protozans and not metazoans.

Sponges
–
–

2

primitive of the multicellular animals

Over 7,000 species, approximately 40 species that occur in
local waters
2% of all sponges are freshwater, none are terrestrial

Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera Overview
 Sponges

occur in shallow water habitats and
vary widely in size (up to 1m. high) and shape
– Unlike most metazoans they lack:

 All

3

sponges are sessile filter feeders

Phylum Porifera
Sponge Diversity
Erect Rope
Sponge

Black-ball sponge

Yellow Tube
Sponge

4

Phylum Porifera
Porifera Anatomy

 Spongocoel
 Ostia
 Oscules

5

Phylum Porifera
Collar Cells
 Choanocytes:
Choanocytes

6

(collar cells) act
as a pump to bring water into
the sponge

Phylum Porifera
Sponge Support
 Collagen

is found
between the inner canals
and chambers
–

Mesohyl

 Ameboid

cells located in
the mesohyl, have
different roles
–
–

7

Archeocytes
Sclerocytes
Phylum Porifera
Sponge Support

8

Phylum Porifera
Spicules
 Collagen

is stiffened
by adding microscopic
mineral accretions or
additional protein
fibers (spongin) or
both.
–

9

Spicules: skeleton
structures, made of
calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) or silicon
dioxide (SiO2).

Spicules

Phylum Porifera
Sponge Types
Porifera Reproduction
 Asexual

budding
 Regeneration: can regenerate from broken
pieces
 Sexual
–

11

Usually hermaphroditic with male and female cells
scattered throughout the connective tissue.

Phylum Porifera
Porifera Larvae
 Neighboring

sponges
are fertilized by
sperm entering
through the ostia
–

12

Ciliated mouth less
larvae
(parenchymella) is
released.

Parenchymella

Phylum Porifera
Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes
Porifera Classification
 Phylum
–
–
–
–

14

Porifera

Class Calcarea
Class Demospongiae
Class Hexactinellida
Sclerospongiae is no
longer considered a
class
Phylum Porifera
Class Calcarea
 Have

spicules made of
calcium carbonate
 Mostly small in size (<15
cm.), and form irregular
masses
 Never contain spongin,
restricted to shallow water,
and strictly marine
15

Phylum Porifera
Class Demospongiae (Most sponges)




Have spicules made of silicon
dioxide (SiO2) or spongin or a
combination of both
Most sponges belong to this
class (90%)
–




16

Nearly all are leuconoid body
type

Mostly found on the
continental shelf
Spongia spp. (Bath sponge)
Phylum Porifera
Class Hexactinellida (Glass
sponges)





17

Spicules are made of silica
Usually found in deep water on soft substrates in the
tropics 200-1,000m.
Spicules are six pointed and have a lattice-like
structure
Cup, vase or urn shape

Euplectella (Deep sea Glass sponge)

Phylum Porifera

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Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes