SCADA System Of Electrical Distribution

2. SCADA SysteM
For
Electrical Distribution
Mentor: Mr.Kaustav Banerjee
Submitted Under
Guidance Of,
Mr.Sumit Ranjan Sinha
Mr.Dharam Vir Kumar
Officer, (NMCC)
Submitted By:-
ABHISHEK KUMAR
B.TECH 4th SEM
C.T INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY,
JALANDHAR
Id Card No:J/VT-15/1047

3. CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM MAY CONCERN
This is to certified that Mr. ABHISHEK KUMAR of
B.TECH 4thSem of C.T INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, JALANDHAR had done Excellent
work on project entitled SACADA system of Electrical
Distribution & Network under guidance and
supervision of Mr. Sumit Ranjan Sinha and Mr.
Dharam Vir Kumar at Jamshedpur Utility & Services
Company limited (JUSCO), for the completion of his
one month VOCATIONAL TRAINING in duration of
09-06-2015 TO 09-07-2015 for their college’s
curriculum related industrial training. To the best of my
knowledge and belief, the same project has not been
submitted to any university or institute.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I, ABHISHEK KUMAR student of C.T INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, JALANDHAR Branch ELECTRICALS &
ELECTRONLCS 4thSem Wid Reg. no.- 1459202 here by
being thankful to Jamshepur Utilities & Services
Company, JUSCO for allowing me to undergo
training session of one month, secondary member
Mr. Sumit Ranjan Sinha and Mr. DharamVir
Kumar, whose guidance allowed me to inherit
knowledge, experience and skill during my
training period and to all safety officers and site
inspection staff for their sincere cooperation at
every step, lastly to all site workers battling to the
tough seen which never had been an easy for them
but their working and handling things taught me
much more than just theoretical knowledge.
 I Really Experienced such taughtfull lessons at the
field engineering sites that I could never achieve
or could learn under any college curriculum
which taught me the real use of our bookish lessons
that real applicatins are so vast That only we
could know through this training to manage all
this field engineering.

5. INDEX
1) Jamshedpur Utility and Services Company
(JUSCO)
2) Network monitoring and Control Centre
(NMCC)
3) Field Engineering
a) Lightning Arrester (L.A)(120KV-10KA)
b) capacitor voltage transformer (C.V.T)
c) Line Isolator (89L)
d) current transformer (C.T)
e) Breaker (3250 A)
f) Bus Isolator (89 A)(1250 A)
g) Transformer (132/33 KV, Traffo)
h) Bus & Bus Coupler
4) SCADA & Its Architecture
5) Field Communication Engineering
a) GPRS based communication
b) Fiber Optics based communication
6) Control Room Engineering
a) Different types of Servers.
b) WS-500 used for view.
7) Benefits of Implementing SCADA in power
distribution network.

6. Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (Jusco) is India's only comprehensive urban
infrastructure service provider. Carved out of Tata Steel, from its Town Services Division
in 2004, the company's mandate was to convert an obligatory service into a customer-
focused sustainable corporate entity. Jusco’s core competency is “creation and
subsequent operation and maintenance of urban infrastructure and services”.
Areas of business
Engineering procurement and construction: Planning, development and
maintenance of township infrastructure.
Power services division: Operation and maintenance of power infrastructure and
distribution of power
.
Integrated township management: Providing civic and municipal services in an
integrated manner in a full-fledged municipal area.

7. NMCC is unit of JUSCO which monitors and control the distribution of
power to different areas coming under it area of supervision though
system, called SCADA, newly established and inaugurated in February
2015 for monitoring.
SCADA & Distribution Network
Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power
generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete
modes.
Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and
distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power
transmission and distribution, wind farms, civil defense siren systems, and large
communication systems.
Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including
buildings, airports, ships, and space stations. They monitor and control heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning systems (HVAC), access, and energy consumption.
JUSCO uses SCADA for power distribution through its unit called NMCC.SCADA is basically
combination of hardware and software used to automate industries with the help of
networking unlike Programmable Logic Control(PLC) –the earlier version of SCADA which
did not have networking facility.

8. Field Engineering
In, Field Engineering we will start from the very first thing which is a “single
line diagram” called (S.L.D):-
“Single Line Diagram Of 132/33/6.6 KV Power Grid”

9. a)lightning Arrestor:- A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical
power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors
of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has
a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge (or switching
surge, which is very similar) travels along the power line to the arrester, the current from
the surge is diverted through the arrestor, in most cases to earth.
Lightining arrester
It wokrs as a insulator through its rated voltage & above that it works as a conductor
which protection fails or is absent, lightning that strikes the electrical system
introduces thousands of kilovolts that may damage the transmission lines, and can
also cause severe damage to transformers and other electrical or electronic devices.
Lightning-produced extreme voltage spikes in incoming power lines can damage
electrical home appliances.

10. b)Capacitive Voltage Transformer:-
A Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power
systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage
signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay. C.V.T also serve as
coupling capacitors for coupling high frequency power line carrier signals
to the transmission line.
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
CVTs in combination with wave traps are used for filtering high frequency communication
signals from power frequency. This forms a carrier communication network throughout the
transmission network.
In an electrical power substation, C.V.T in combination with Wave Trap is placed at the
sending and receiving ends of the substation. At the receiving end they are found just
after lightning arrestor and before line isolator.

11. c) Line Isolator:- In power systems an isolator is a switch which is used
to completely open a circuit which has been rendered dead by means of opening
a circuit breaker for maintenance of equipment. . The equipment to be worked
on is further earthed mostly on either side so that electrical energy that could
be in the equipment is completely discharged to earth further enhancing safety
of the service men. An isolator is also used for sectionalising power lines during
fault location. An isolator, unlike an auto disconnector is not used to break
load or close a loaded circuit.

12. -Wave Trap:_ A line trap (high-frequency stopper) is a
maintenance-free parallel resonant circuit, mounted inline on high
voltage AC transmission power lines to prevent the transmission
of high frequency (40 kHz to 1000 kHz) carrier signals of power line
communication to unwanted destinations. Line traps are cylinder
like structures connected in series with HV transmission lines. A line
trap is also called a wave trap.
[1]

13. d)Current Transformer:- A CT functions with the same
basic working principle of electrical power transformer, as we
discussed earlier, but here is some difference. If a electrical power
transformer or other general purpose transformer, primary
current varies with load or secondary current. In case of CT,
primary current is the system current and this primary current or
system current transforms to the CT secondary, hence secondary
current or burden current depends upon primary current of the
current transformer.

14. e) Breaker:- A breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker
can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an
individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high
voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
Fig: Breaker

15. g) Transformer:- A transformer is an electrical device that transfers
electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic
induction. Commonly, transformers are used to increase or decrease the
voltages of alternating current in electric power applications.
A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the transformer's secondary winding.
This varyingmagnetic field at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or
voltage in the secondary winding. Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction with high magnetic
permeability core properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently change AC voltages
from one voltage level to another within power networksdeal transformer and induction law.

16. h) Bus & Bus Coupler:- Bus coupler is a device
which is used to couple one bus to the other without any
interruption in power supply and without creating
hazardous arcs. Bus coupler is a breaker used to couple
two busbars in order to perform maintenance on other
circuit breakers associated with that busbar.It is
achieved with the help of a circuit
breaker and isolators.

17. IT is neither a technology nor a protocol but it refers to any application in which data is
collected from the system in order to control that system.
Types of SCADA software:-
Proprietry which deals with specific brand of controllers.
Brand name- Siemens (WinCC)
Aleen Bradley (RS View)
Open type which deals with any kind of controller.
Brand name- WonderWare (Intouch)
SCADA as we all know, sincerely stands for “Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition’. Also, in
Electrical Distribution Networks it does the Same.
IN JUSCO the hardware and software is provided by the company ABB to implement
SCADA.
Software used for SCADA operations and view is WS-500
Software used for development are : 1) DE (Data Engineering)
2) PED (Picture Editor)
TCS has implement the SCADA for JUSCO
WS-500 has two parts:
1) Control System Overview: Tells Network related equipment status.
2) Power System overview: Tells substation status and sends control actions if required.

19. Field Communication Engineering:
1) Data taken as input from Breaker: On-Off status, tripping
status in case of any fault which is acquired from the relay
placed on the breaker and energy meter reading which includes
voltage, current, power etc values.
2) Data taken as input from transformers: Oil temperature and
winding temperature.
So, Field Data comes to NMCC sever by two ways:
GPRS based communication: The data taken from the less
important substations as input at NMCC for monitoring through
GPRS.
Optical Fiber based communication: The data from very
important substations are taken as input from NMCC through OFC.

20. a)GPRS Based Communication: The data from the field comes
to NMCC server as input through GPRS. For GPRS based
communication FRTU is used. The data from the field comes to NMCC
server as input through GPRS. For GPRS based communication FRTU
is connected .
GPRS M2M Gateway

21. Feeder remote terminal unit (FRTU): Field Engineers are on the front line, involved in
every phase of our business—from acquiring the first data needed for drilling decisions to
designing plans for long-range development of complex multiwall, multi reservoir fields.
They provide this data from some of the world’s toughest environments. This product
containing switch controller and terminal device controls switches with host server. The size
is smaller than existing product, and the economic efficiency is higher. And it improves the
efficiency of the distribution automation system by providing various services such as power
quality monitoring function.
GPRS
Gateway
PLC
Card
24V
Supply
Terminal
Block

22. PLC Card: A programmable logic controller is a specialized computer used to control
machines and processes. It therefore shares common terms with typical PCs like
central processing unit, memory, software and communications. Unlike a personal
computer though the PLC is designed to survive in a rugged industrial atmosphere and
to be very flexible in how it interfaces with inputs and outputs to the real world.
The components that make a PLC work can be divided into three core areas.
The power supply and rack.
The central processing unit (CPU).
The input/output (I/O) section.

23. b)Optical Fiber communication/ Fiber optics (FO) based communication: In more important
substations the data is taken as input at NMCC server through optical fiber also known as fiber optics.
For this RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is placed in the field for giving out data input for monitoring and
taking data output from NMCC for control.
Optical Fiber based communication: The data from very important substations are taken as input from
NMCC through OFC. Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the
size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit signals
over long distances.
Fiber Optics Transmission
Low Attenuation
Very High Bandwidth (THz)
Small Size and Low Weight
No Electromagnetic Interference
Low Security Risk
Elements of Optical Transmission
Electrical-to-optical Transducers
Optical Media
Optical-to-electrical Transducers
Digital Signal Processing, repeaters and clock recovery.
Types of Optical Fiber
Multi Mode:
(a) Step-index – Core and Cladding material has uniform but different refractive index.
(b) Graded Index – Core material has variable index as a function of the radial distance from the center.
Single Mode: The core diameter is almost equal to the wave length of the emitted light so that it propagates
along a single path.

24. Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a
microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the
physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control
and data acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data to a master
system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control
connected objects.[1] Another term that may be used for RTU is remote
telecontrol unit

25. Power supply: A form of power supply will be
included for operation from the AC mains for various
CPU, status wetting voltages and other interface cards.
This may consist of AC to DC converters where
operated from a station battery system.
Digital inputs: Most RTUs incorporate an input
section or input status cards to acquire two state real
portion. This is usually accomplished by using an
isolated voltage or current source to sense the position
of a remote contact (open or closed) at the RTU site.
This contact position may represent many different
devices, including electrical breakers, liquid valve
positions, alarm conditions, and mechanical and
positions of devices.
Analog inputs: An RTU can monitor analog inputs
of different types including 0-1 mA, 4–20 mA current
loop, 0–10 V., ±2.5 V, ±5.0 V etc. Many RTU inputs
buffer larger quantities via transducers to convert and
isolate real world quantities from sensitive RTU input
levels. An RTU can also receive analog data via a
communication system from a master or IED (Intelligent
Electronic Device) sending data values to it.

26. Digital (control) outputs: RTUs may drive high
current capacity relays to a digital output (or "DO")
board to switch power on and off to devices in the field.
The DO board switches voltage to the coil in the relay,
which closes the high current contacts, which
completes the power circuit to the device.
RTU outputs may also consist of driving a sensitive logic input on an electronic
PLC, or other electronic device using a sensitive 5 V input.
Analog outputs: While not as commonly used, analog outputs may be included to control
devices that require varying quantities, such as graphic recording instruments (strip charts). Summed
or massaged data quantities may be generated in a master SCADA system and output for display
locally or remotely, wherever needed.
Communication Card Unit (CMU): All the information from DI and DO cards goes to CMU
and from Ethernet port of CMU the data is send to switch where it gets converted into optical data
from digital data and transmitted through FO to NMCC server. The data of the energy meter and AI is
also send to CMU.
Adapter Card: This card is used to link various DI, DO and AI cards present in different rows and
send the data of these cards to CMU.
24V relay: For controlling the breaker requires a high voltage of 110V.But the DO and DI cards
works on a very low voltage of 5V.On DO card a relay is used to convert 5V to 24V and this 24V is
further converted into 110V with the help of relay switches to switch on or off the breakers.

27. In RTU data outputs (DO) can also be
given for controlling unlike FRTU. The
optical fiber is connected to the RTU
through a switch which converts digital
data into optical data so that it can be
transmitted through optical fiber and reach
to NMCC.

28. Control Room Engineering:
The data comes as an input to NMCC server through Optical Fibers from very important
substations and through GPRS from other substation. The servers are installed in
NMCC server room.
Server: A server is a running instance of an application (software) capable of
accepting requests from the client and giving responses accordingly. Servers can run
on any computer including dedicated computers, which individually are also often
referred to as "the server".
a)Different Type s of servers:

29. A front end processor (FEP) or a communications processor:
Application Server (AS):
UDW SERVER (UTILITY DATA WAREHOUSE):
Active Directory (AD):
Data Engineering (DE):
Backup Server(BS):

30. b)WS-500: WS-500is the software used by NMCC for implementing
SCADA.The hardware and the software required for the setup of SCADA
system is provided by the company ABB. Ws-500 has two parts.
Control System Overview: is a device, or set
of devices, that manages commands, directs or
regulates the behavior of other devices or
systems. Industrial control systems are used in
industrial production for controlling equipment or
machines.
Power System Overview: OPAL-
RT provides a complete range of real-
time digital simulators and control
prototyping systems for power grids,
power electronics, motor drives and
other mechatronic systems. Under the
ePOWERgrid umbrella, these real-
time systems help you perform
feasibility studies, develop new
concepts, design and test your
controllers for a wide variety of
applications including small power
converters, hybrid electric drives,
large power grids and renewable
energy systems.

31. Power System Overview Shows Us Three Parts of it Consisting Several
things but Mainly of this things as these are a sort of things;-
Substation
HT Switch House
Feeder Wise S.L.D
Substation: A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and
distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or
perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and
consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.
- Breaker is on
- Breaker is off
- Transformer
- Isolator
- Trip

32. Feeder Wise SLD: A feeder line is a
peripheral route or branch in a network,
which connects smaller or more remote
nodes with a route or branch carrying
heavier traffic. The term is applicable to
any system based on a hierarchical
network in telecommunications, a feeder
line branches from a main line or trunk line.
HT Switch House: In an electric power system, switchgear is the combination
of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control,
protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-
energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.
This type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity
supply.

33. Benefits of implementing SCADA in Power Distribution Network:-
Reduction of downtime via full time monitoring of all substation devices and critical parameters.
Labor savings derived from ability to troubleshoot, identify and correct problems.
Identifying exact fault location (Breaker) at a glance. No need to visit multiple locations to
identify fault.
Ability to record the history of substation operations and fine tune the efficiency of breakers and
relays.
Real time power and energy monitoring and recording provided the user with comprehensive
load profiles and growth planning.
Monitor deviation of voltages and other critical values such as hours of operation, number of
closures etc to extend useful life of Sub-Stations.
Provide real time stamping and recording of all power quality events at the substation.
Monitor and control feeder loading and continual balancing of loads.
Remote switching of feeder breakers and electronic tagging.
Increased degree of safety for line crews responsible for identifying fault locations and restoring
service power.