1. ArcFIRE™/ArcFUEL™:
Forest Fire Management
Geoplatform & Fuel Maps
Forest Fires 2012 Conference
Session ArcFUEL: Advancing Forest Fuel Mapping techniques in Europe
Marc Bonazountas, Despina Kallidromitou, Alkis Astyakopoulos
Epsilon International SA | Monemvasias 27 | 15125 Marousi, GR
T: +30-210-6898-614 | arcfuel@epsilon.gr
3rd International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Forest Fires 1
22 – 24 May, 2012, New Forest, UK
2. Outline
Part A: Forest Fire Management
Part B: ArcFIRE™ Technologies
Part C: ArcFIRE™ Architecture
Part D: ArcFIRE™ Services & Basic Modules
Part E: ArcFIRE™ Operation Areas
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
3. What is the ArcFIRE™?
Integrated Wildland & Forest Fire
Management Geoplatform WITH:
Constant technology evolution since 1990
US Forest Service modeling technologies
Vital dynamics demanded by planners &
decision makers engaged in FF Life Cycle
Numerous operations in GR,FR,IT,SP,PT
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
4. Historic Evolution 1990+
Multi-National product (US, EU, MS)
Product via EC Fomfis (1990)
Product via EC participations (e.g., Orchestra) and
Spanish applications
Operational product via the OA-Athens-2004 installations
(2004-5)
EC/SCIER programme (2009)
Numerous applications in GR/NTUA, IT, ES, PT and
cooperation with US Dept. FS/FFL
More than 10 million in RTD development.
More than 100 people engaged in RTD, tests
Real installation in RG: Seix-Sou Forest
ArcFIRE™ >> Pan-EU, multi-geo-platform (2010) >>
BRISEIDE (web-services via cloud 2011).
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
5. Introduction
FF hazard is continuously increasing
Up to 1975:
aver. annual burnt area at national
level=127.000 acres/year
aver. frequency=650 fire events
Up to 1998:
aver. annual burnt area at national
level=487.000 acres/year
aver. frequency=1.713 fire events
>> 250% increase
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
6. Main Driving Factors
Lacking of forest management practices (e.g.
biomass accumulation)
Mismanaged spatial planning and
inappropriate land use practices and patterns
Socio-demographic factors
Climate change & extreme weather conditions
Economic factors
Low resources availability to monitoring
mitigation
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
7. ArcFIRE™ Life Cycle
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
8. ArcFIRE™ Life Cycle
“Awareness” is:
to minimize FF impacts to the environment and
people as a result of operations made “prior to
a fire”.
“Emergency” is:
to assist planners, decision makers and fire
fighters in their mission “during the fire”
“Impacts” is:
to assess & quantify environmental, economic
& social Impacts “after the fire”.
“Dissemination” is:
to provide information on international best
practices and on “lessons learned” from past
fire events.
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
9. ArcFire™ Awareness
e.g.: FF Risk Assessment
Index of Ignition. Measures the exposure to FF Driving Factors per
EGU: Human Activity, Power Supply Network, Industry, Natural
phenomena, other.
Propagation Index. Calculates the conditional probability of Fire
Propagation given an Ignition Source. Probability is calculated in
reference to CLC, Fuel Coverage.
(Meteorological) Probability of Ignition Index. Calculates the
conditional probability of Fire Propagation given an Ignition Source.
Probability is calculated in regards of Meteorological Conditions.
Fire Hazard Index. Classifies the Intensity of a potential Fire at the
range 0- to 100%. For the static case, Intensity is calculated for the
average meteorological conditions belonging to the 1% of the annual
worst meteo-conditions in favor of Forest Fires.
Fire Cost Index: Calculates the environmental, socioeconomic,
aesthetic damage caused by a potential Fire as a Function of CLC
and POIs related to Infrastructures & Properties.
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
13. ArcFire™ Emergency
e.g.: Fire Simulation
“Wind” Field modeling
“Surface” Fire Propagation (Rothermell Model)
“Crown” Fire Propagation
“Stochastic” Propagation including wind perturbation
Input Data
Digital Terrain (slope, aspect)
Meteo Forecasts (wind field, relative humidity)
Fuel Moisture (Dead/ Live)
Fuel Maps
User Interaction
Time of Simulation
Ignition Points
Simulation Time (hours)
Output
Fire Access Time (FAT)
Fire-Front contours
Fire Statistics
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
14. ArcFire™ Emergency
Propagation Mechanism
Gives Fire-Front spatiotemporal
evolution
Uses a Vector Propagation Law.
Input: Fuel Model & Terrain and
Meteo-conditions
Applies a Correction Factor for wind
& upslope aspect
Applies Iterative Cellular Automata:
spread to neighbor cells
N (0º)
XDIR XRATE
8 1 2 F
7 A 3 tA A
ω B R B
θ 6 5 4
tR tB
R Change
E (90º) boundary
RBACK
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
15. ArcFire™ Emergency
e.g.: Tracking & Rooting of ground units
“Find” a Unit/ “Retrieve” past positions/ give guidance
Use Hybrid satellite (GlobalStar/ Iridium) and ground
communications (GSM/GPRS, 3G) to achieve “100%
coverage”
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
16. ArcFire™ Emergency
e.g.: Evacuation
Give the FF start time yyyymmdd hh mm
Run a Fire Simulation
Insert From- To Destination to find the optimum rooting
Give the expected time of arrival in regards of FF start time
Consider all Road Edges affected by the Fire Front as non Traversable
Calculate Fastest PATH Select Solve.
Give the time offset from the start of the fire. This offset View new route.
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
17. ArcFire™ Impacts
e.g.: Post Fire Flood-Risk
Burn Severity
Rainfall Forecast & Annual Statistics
Direct Run-off & Peak Flow
e.g.: Social & Economic Impacts
Burnt Area,
Timber & Agrarian loss,
Recreational value
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
18. ArcFire™ Dissemination
e.g.: Special e-Publications
user manuals & white papers (library of science)
TM
on all ArcFIRE Modules
e.g.: Spatial-Temporal Datasets on
FF History in regards of x, y, z, t of Ignition,
meteo-conditions, Land Use etc
Statistical Patterns found in FF History
e.g.: References & Scientific Papers on
“Lessons Learnt”
cumulative multinational knowledge
best practices, etc.
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
19. ArcFIRE™ Technology
S/w Architecture
TM
ArcGIS ESRI Technology
Operated as Desktop (local) or Web Service
Meet OGC, INSPIRE, ISO, standards
Interoperability
Modular Architecture to incorporate new emerging modules
Adopt Global Technology Standards: OGC, XML, tcp/ip, soa,
http
Info & Meteo
Cooperate with Weather Forecast Authorities/ Institutions
(meteo-grid ESP, nkua GR)
Standardized Forecast Data Transfer protocols (ESRI ASCII
GRIB format)
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
21. ArcFIRE™ Technology
Communications
GSM/3G Networks to interact with mobile units
satellite Networks (GlobalStar/ Iridium) to achieve 100%
coverage for the Area of operation even under extreme
conditions.
Fire Dynamics
Wind Field modelling (New Atmos, UoA, MeteoGRID)
Surface Fire Propagation (Rothermell Model)
Crown Fire Propagation
Stochastic Propagation including wind perturbation etc.
Control Command Centre (CCC)
Coordinates all modules
Establishes high availability communication pipelines
Equipped with dual server, clients, TV monitoring stations
etc.
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
22. ArcFIRE™ Technology
Fuel Classification Mapping (TBC)
Updates fuel maps annually using remote sensing along with
vector GIS and ground truth data >>important components
of fuel models mapping and fire hazard mitigation.
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
25. ArcFIRE™ Architecture
Application Layer
Heavy Clients: Desktop Clients operate a tool which hosts all
ArcFIRE™ modules (ERSI/ArcMap™ or ESRI/ArcGIS
Explorer™ - TBD)
Thin Clients: Mobile Clients have limited access to ArcFIRE™
modules (ESRI/ArcPAD™)
Server Layer
Interface between the Desktop Clients and the Data Layers
Operates a list of Services
Data-flows are triggered under client requests
Adheres to requests for input data coming from a Client and
checks in Data Layer for availability
Makes sure that output from ArcFIRE™ modules is properly
stored in the Data Layer
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
26. ArcFIRE™ Architecture
Data Layer
Static Data:
bare some or no changes in the long-term
fuel maps: surface/ crown fuel types (.shp)
terrain maps: slope, aspect (ESRI grid)
Land Use (.shp)
Road & Power Supply Networks (dataset)
Spatio-Temporal Data:
bare significant changes in the short-term
real time Meteorological Measurements (tables,
point, .shp)
Meteorological Forecasts (ESRI grid)
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
27. ArcFIRE™ Architecture
Data Layer – Folder Structure
1. SSS: scene identifier e.g. 001. All files (static
and dynamic) that are under the same scene
have the same geographical extent,
resolution and projection system.
2. YYYY: Time Stamp the Forecasts and
INDEXES are issued (year)
3. MM: Time Stamp of Forecasts and INDEXES
are issued (month)
4. DD: Time Stamp of Forecasts and INDEXES
are issued(day)
5. yyyy: Fire Ignition Time Stamp (actual year)
6. mm: Fire Ignition Time Stamp (actual month)
7. dd: Fire Ignition Time Stamp (actual day)
8. sss: simulation session. Each day
yyyymmdd might have up to 999 simulation
sessions. Each session identifies a
simulation for a particular hour and minute of
the day yyyymmdd
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
28. ArcFIRE™ basic modules
Fire detection
Request for a Forecast Map
Request for an Index
Set-up a new simulation
Retrieve a simulation
Edit a simulation
View meteo data
Tracking
Rooting & Evacuating
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
29. ArcFIRE™ Operation Areas
Successfully operated in 10+ projects, as:
Seih-Sou Forest, Thessaloniki, Greece (2010-2011),
100km2, Wildland Urban Interface Area, 200.000
habitants
Taxiarchis Forest, Poligiros Chalkidiki, Greece
(2008), 155 km2, Forest Area, sparsely populated
Stamata Region, Attika, Greece (2009), 15 km2,
Wildland Urban Interface Area, 40.000 habitants
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Aubagne, Marseille, France, (2008) 15 km ,
Wildland Urban Interface, Habitants 40.000,
Bacva, Chech Republic. (2008), 1630 km2, River
Basin, Habitants 100.000
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
30. Seih-Sou Forest (GR)
2
Area: 100km
Area Description:
Wildland Urban
Interface
Habitants: 200.000
Period of Operation:
15 March- today
Funded by: Region of
Central Macedonia
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
31. Taxiarchis Forest (GR)
Area: 155km2
Area Description:
Forest
Habitants: Sparsely
Populated
Period of Operation:
2008
Funded by: Regional
Administration
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
32. Stamata Region (GR)
Area: 15 km2
Area Description:
WUI
Habitants: 40.000
Period of Operation:
2009
Funded by: EC
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
33. Aubagne Region (FR)
2
Area: 15km
Area Description:
Sparsely Populated
Habitants: 4.000
Period of Operation:
2008
Funded by: EC
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
34. Becva Region, (CH)
Area: 500 km2
Area Description:
WUI
Habitants: 100.000
Period of Operation:
2009
Funded by: EC
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
35. Your participation
Register with us
Basic training & material, as linked to
Universities or to us
Your cases and your applications
University theses supported
Third party funding support
Technologies interchange
Social and other LinkedIN networking
Always at the frontier (professionally,
operationally)
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Marc Bonazountas, Alkis Astyakopoulos; EPSILON Greece; T:+30 210 6898614; arcfuel@epsilon.gr
36. Thank you!
Forest Fires 2012 Conference
Session ArcFUEL: Advancing Forest Fuel Mapping techniques in Europe
Marc Bonazountas, Despina Kallidromitou, Alkis Astyakopoulos
Epsilon International SA | Monemvasias 27 | 15125 Marousi, GR
T: +30-210-6898-614 | arcfuel@epsilon.gr
3rd International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Forest Fires 36
22 – 24 May, 2012, New Forest, UK
