1. Evaluating the Effectiveness of
Strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes in the
Faith Community
PAULETTE GOLDEN MS, RN

2. PART 1
 Introduction

3. Learning Objectives
 Compare and contrast health promotion and health
education programs
 Discuss Evaluation of Faith Community Nursing
Strategies and alternatives
 Discuss the need for evaluating Faith community
Nursing strategies and alternatives
 Identify methods of evaluating Faith Community
Nursing strategies and alternatives

4. Basic Terminology
 Evaluation: “ a process of reflection through which
the value of certain actions are assessed.
 The comparison of an object of interest against a
standard of acceptability.
 Standard of Acceptability: Minimum level of
performance, effectiveness, benefits.

5. Faith Community Nursing :
Evaluation
 Is determining the extent to which a strategy or
alternative have been carried out and it’s actual
effectiveness. (PROCESS EVALUATION).Whether the
strategy being used is effective in meeting the goals and
objectives
 To determine the immediate observable effects the
strategy or alternative has had on the faith community’s
health risks.(IMPACT EVALUATION)
 Measurable ultimate goal or outcome of the program
measured by reduction in morbidity, mortality, ED visits,
signs and symptoms or physiological, spiritual indicators. (
long term) (OUTCOME EVALUATION)

6. Knowledge Check
 Process Evaluation: Will help us identify
whether the number of identified individuals with
signs and symptoms of Hypertension did receive
blood pressure screening.
 Impact Evaluation: Blood pressure screening
program resulted in identifying individuals with
abnormal blood pressures,behavioral change,
willing to check blood pressure, referral to PCP,
 Outcome Evaluation: Controlled BP, decreased
morbidity, and mortality etc.

7. Faith Community Nursing
Strategies and Alternatives
 Are measurable activities and practices that
addresses identified diagnoses, issues and strengths
within the Faith Community
 Includes health promotion and restoration of
health, spiritual enhancement, prevention of illness,
injury and disease, alleviation of suffering and
provision of supportive care for those who are dying.
 Includes health education.

8. Health Education
Health education is any combination of learning
experiences designed to help individuals and
communities improve their health, by increasing their
knowledge or influencing their attitudes.
 Tells us about health
 Give information without follow up.
 Does not include long term planning.
 Individualistic

9. Health Promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people
to increase control over, and to improve, their health.
It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior
towards a wide range of social and environmental
interventions.
 Developing the whole community
 Targets those in most need
 Seeks to activate resources
 Seeks to empower communities to identify their
own health priorities
 Implement strategies needed to overcome
identified social challenges.

10. Health Promotion and Health
Education
 Health promotion programs use elements of health
education.
 Health education is a subset of overall health
promotion activity.

11. Health Education

12. HEALTH PROMOTION

13. Importance of Evaluation
 Ensures that the strategy/ alternatives/ activity is
implemented and operating as planned.
 Reaching the intended or target audience.
 Reveals challenges and potential Solutions
 Assess effectiveness of strategies, activities etc..
 Demonstrate productive use of resources
 Influence decisions about the continuation,
refinement or expansion of the program.

14. Importance
 Achieving it’s outline objectives
 Worth the cost
 Needed and beneficial
 Making an important contribution to the health of
the individuals and the communities we serve.
 Ensures accountability to the standards of practice
for the faith community nurse.

15. Faith Community Nurses standard
of Practice: Competencies
 Practice 6 : Evaluation: (refer to pg. 33 of Faith
Community Nursing Scope and Standards
Practice.)
 The Faith Community Nurse Will:
 Conduct a wholistic, Systematic, systematic ongoing criterion –
based evaluation of the outcomes in relation to the structures and
process prescribed by the plan and the indicated timeline.
 Collaborate with the healthcare consumer and others involved in the
care or situation in the evaluative process
 Evaluates, in partnership with the health care consumer, the
effectiveness of the planned strategies in relation to the
healthcare consumers responses and attainment of
expected outcomes
 Uses ongoing assessment data to revise the diagnoses, the outcomes,
the plan and the plan’s implementation as needed.

16. Faith Community Nurses standard
of Practice: Competencies
 Practice 6 : Evaluation: (refer to pg. 33 of Faith
Community Nursing Scope and Standards
Practice.)
 The Faith Community Nurse Will:
 Disseminates the results to the healthcare consumer and others
involved in the care or situation as appropriate, in accordance with
state and federal laws and regulations.
 Participates in assessing and ensuring the responsible and
appropriate use of interventions to minimize unwarranted
or unwanted treatment and healthcare consumer suffering.
 Documents the results of the evaluation including results from the
faith or spiritual realm.

17. PART 2
Planning and
Implementation

18. Assessment
 Define the Need: Assessment
 Wholistic data Collection.
 Use of appropriate evidence based assessment
techniques and instrument. E.g. Faith Community
Nursing Health Needs assessment Survey, Focus
groups, observation etc.
 Synthesize data collection to identify patterns and
variances and health promotion needs

19. Diagnosis
 Derives Diagnoses or issues from the Holistic
Assessment Data.
 Identifies needs and strengths to enhance health and
spiritual well being.
 Prioritize needs and strengths. E.g.. Health
education, use of peer/ family support to enhance
wellness.

20. Outcomes Identification
(goals setting and objectives)
 Identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to
the individual or situation and or tailored to the
community.
 Must be clear and measurable
 Involves the individual and the faith community in
formulating expected outcomes.
 Derives culturally and spiritually appropriate
outcomes from identified needs and diagnoses.
 Involves a realistic time estimate for attaining expected
outcomes.
 Use Collaboration in developing expected outcomes

21. Goal and Objectives
 Goals: Broad statements of what we intended to
achieve.
 Objectives: steps need to achieve our goals. Specific
measures we use to determine whether or not we are
successful.

22. Planning
 Develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives tailored to attain expected outcomes.
 Integrate evidence based strategies to address the
identified diagnosis.
 Includes strategies for addressing health and
wholeness across the life span.
 Develops an evaluation plan.

23. Planning
I. When and how to monitor program and conduct
process evaluations
II. Determine when to conduct impact evaluation
III. Determine when to conduct outcome evaluation or
how soon you want to measure outcomes

24. Implement
 The Faith Community nurse implements the
identified plan
 Utilize evidence based strategies to implement
interventions .
 Tailor interventions
 Culturally sensitive interventions
 Utilize community and faith community resources
and systems to implement the plan

25. PART 3
 EVALUATION: Needs to be considered in the
planning stages.

26. The Faith community nurse
evaluates progress toward
attainment of goals
 Conducts a wholistic, systematic ongoing criterion
– based evaluation of the outcomes in relation to
the structures and process prescribed by the plan
and the indicated timeline

27. Uses ongoing assessment data to revise the diagnoses,
the outcomes, the plan and the plan’s implementation as
needed.
 Determine Information needed.
 Use process evaluation during program implementation , impact
evaluation at the end of the program and outcome evaluation at
follow up.
 Develop a data collection Design
I. Record Keeping
II. Pre-Post (before and after to measure change, Change= impact.
III. Post only
IV. Observational studies/ audits
V. Controlled experiments (complex and time consuming)
 Determine the Method of Data Collection
Standard and consistent Format.
I. Interviews
II. Questionnaires
III. Counting number of events that occurred
IV. Surveys
V. Observation./Audits.

28. Cont.-
 Whatever method is chosen, a collection form, such
as a questionnaire or checklist will be needed so that
data is collected in a standard manner and in a
common format.

29. Evaluates, in partnership with the health care consumer,
the effectiveness of the planned strategies in
relation to the healthcare consumers
responses and attainment of expected
outcomes
 Focus your evaluation
 Identify the purpose of the evaluation.
 Determine the kind of evaluation; PROCESS, IMPACT,
OUTCOME.
 Consider what questions needs to be answered by the
Evaluation.
 Develop Data collection forms:
 Must address either, the process, impact and or
outcomes of the planned strategies
 Directly assess attainment of Expected outcomes.
 Determine who needs to be assessed to determine
effectiveness of the planned strategy

30. Data Collection and Analysis
 Collect data.
 Organize and Analyze Data:
I. Statistical Analysis: descriptive statistics/
inferential statistics.(mean, graphs, chi square etc).
II. Compare Pre-post Changes ( report measured
differences in percentages)
III. Identify Patterns and themes in self reports.

31. Interpretation
 Interpret changes, patterns and themes as either :
A. An Impact: Immediate
B. An outcome: may require additional follow-up
c. Process: changes made to program design and
implementation as a result of little or no success in
achieving goals and objectives

32. Conclusion
 Summarize findings.
 Present to Faith Community
 Present to Texas Health Fort Worth-Faith
Community Nursing Coordinator.
 Celebrate achievement.

33. Putting it all together
 Tracy R N. administered her quarterly needs assessment survey to the FCN congregation. Analysis of
data revealed emerging themes for 3 top priority areas in the FCN Community: 48% had no access to a
regular dentist and a lack thereof of healthy oral health behaviors. 22% Diagnosed High Blood
pressure. 10% were obese.
 Strategically intervenes : Based on the above data, Tracey RN, in collaboration with the Faith
community and their sponsors decided to make oral health promotion a priority in the next quarter.
 Plan : Oral health promotion program
I. Plans method and design of evaluation,.
II. Decides on Pre-Post survey questionnaire.
III. Goal of the program is adoption of healthy oral behaviors( Objectives:- to enroll at least 80% of the faith
community in need of oral health, teach flossing , oral care , distribution of dental and how to acquire
supplies and referral, to local dentist, phone reminders.) and to improve oral health of the community.
IV. Designed survey questions that addressed access to regular dental supplies, knowledge of how to practice
good oral hygiene and frequency and knowledge of local oral care resources
V. Administered pre survey questions before start of the program
VI. Implement Program; includes :
a. Distribution of dental supplies
b. Teaching and demonstration of oral care
c. referral to oral health care providers and resources.
VII. Process evaluation during program implementation to assess whether program is achieving goals and
objectives.
Uses survey questions to asses, ease of participation, comprehension, usefulness, barriers etc.
VIII. Once program is completed,administer same survey questionnaires for post testing.
IX. Analyze Data and determines pre-post changes

34. Putting it all together
 Changes reported as percentages
PRE POST
TEST/BASELINE TEST/FOLLOW UP
RAW % TOTAL RAW % TOTAL Pre-
post
change
Dental 10 10/50* 20% 40 40/50*1 80% (80-
supply 100 00 20)/
20*100
=
Dental
300%
Practice
15 15/50*1 30% 35 35/50*1 70% 133.3%
00 00
Resources
5 5/50* 10% 45 45/50*1 90% 800%
100 00

35. Putting it all together
Tracy RN, presented program impact to the faith
community
800
700
600
500
400 pre
post
300 changes
200
100
0
Dental practices Dental supples Dental Resources
pre 20 30 10
post 80 70 90
changes 300 133 800

36. Putting it all together
.
x. Impact: Data interpreted as:
 3-4 times more access to dental supplies
 1-2 times improvement in dental practices.
 8-9 times more access to regular dentist.
XI. Outcome
 Data collection and analysis repeated at five months to determine sustained oral health behaviors.-
Outcomes reported as improvement in oral health in the faith community.

37. Case study
 Conduct a needs assessment in your faith
community and describe how you will intervene.
 Describe and design an appropriate Evaluation for
the intervention
 Interpret Findings .