Technological Education Institute of PIRAEUS
Computer Systems Engineering Department
P. H. Yannakopoulos, A. A. Fotopoulos,
D. Katsigiannopoulos, St. Katsikakis
International Scientific Conference
eRA-5
2010

Abstract
 Scientists, doctors and some European
governments are adding their voices to
the growing alarm that the universal use
of mobile devices may be the start of a
medical catastrophe for the future.
Mobile phone radiation and health
concerns have been raised, especially
following the enormous increase in the
use of wireless mobile telephony (GSM
and 3G) throughout the world.
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Abstract
 These concerns have induced a large body
of research because mobile phones and
wireless devices use electromagnetic waves
in the microwave range. A similar situation
exists regarding other digital wireless
systems, such as data communication
networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, DECT phones
and CB's which emit in various regions of the
spectrum giving rise to cumulative radiation
exposure. In the present study we measure
the EMF of various mobile and wireless
equipment.
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Equipment
CORNET ED25G
Super wide bandwidth (1MHz-8GHz)
RF field strength power
measurement
- External SMA connector
-direct connection to RF signal
sources,
-External Antenna
-5.8GHz WLAN measurement
-UWB ultra wideband signals
- High sensitivity, -55dBm to +5dBm
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Mobile Phones Measurements
Sony Ericsson K 350i
 1827mW/m2
 Type of Mobile phone
 578 mW/m2
 230,1 mW/m2
 159 mW/m2
Sony Ericsson W 995i Power Density(mW/m2):
 110 mW/m2
 89 mW/m2  (in contact)
 75 mW/m2
 61 mW/m2  (5 cm)
Sony Ericson 750i
 110 mW/m2  (10 cm)
 89 mW/m2
 75 mW/m2  (20 cm)
 67 mW/m2
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Mobile Phones Measurements
Nokia 3210
 1827mW/m2
 Type of Mobile phone
 578 mW/m2
 364,7 mW/m2
 230,1 mW/m2
General Mobile DSTL -1 Power Density(mW/m2):
 1827mW/m2
 1827mW/m2  (in contact)
 1827mW/m2
 1827mW/m2  (5 cm)
Nokia 2730
 1827mW/m2  (10 cm)
 916 mW/m2
 578 mW/m2  (20 cm)
 364,7 mW/m
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Mobile Phones Measurements
Nokia 6310i
 1827 mW /m2
 Type of Mobile phone
 578 mW/m2
 364,7 mW/m2
 230,1 mW/m2
Nokia 6233 Power Density(mW/m2):
 1827 mW /m2
 1827 mW /m2  (in contact)
 364,7 mW/m2
 230,1 mW/m2  (5 cm)
LG R-1
 1827 mW /m2  (10 cm)
 1827 mW /m2
 916 mW/m  (20 cm)
 578 mW/m2
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THE HEALTH EFFECTS
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Key points
 A wide range of environmental influences
causes biological effects. 'Biological effect'
does not equal 'health hazard'. Special
research is needed to identify and measure
health hazards.
 At low frequencies, external electric and
magnetic fields induce small circulating
currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary
environments, the levels of induced currents
inside the body are too small to produce
obvious effects.
 The main effect of radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields is heating of body
tissues.
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Key points
 There is no doubt that short-term exposure to
very high levels of electromagnetic fields can
be harmful to health. Current public concern
focuses on possible long-term health effects
caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields
at levels below those required to trigger acute
biological responses.
 There is no evidence to conclude that
exposure to low level electromagnetic fields is
harmful to human health.
 The focus of international research is the
investigation of possible links between cancer
and electromagnetic fields, at power line and
radiofrequencies
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What happens when you are exposed
to electromagnetic fields?
 Exposure to electromagnetic fields is not a
new phenomenon. However, during the 20th
century, environmental exposure to man-made
electromagnetic fields has been steadily
increasing as growing electricity demand,
ever-advancing technologies and changes in
social behavior have created more and more
artificial sources. Everyone is exposed to a
complex mix of weak electric and magnetic
fields, both at home and at work, from the
generation and transmission of electricity,
domestic appliances and industrial equipment,
to telecommunications and broadcasting.
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What happens when you are exposed
to electromagnetic fields?
 Tiny electrical currents exist in the human
body due to the chemical reactions that
occur as part of the normal bodily
functions, even in the absence of external
electric fields. For example, nerves relay
signals by transmitting electric impulses.
Most biochemical reactions from digestion
to brain activities go along with the
rearrangement of charged particles. Even
the heart is electrically active - an activity
that your doctor can trace with the help of
an electrocardiogram.
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The effect of Low-frequency
electric fields
 Fields influence the human body just as
they influence any other material made
up of charged particles. When electric
fields act on conductive materials, they
influence the distribution of electric
charges at their surface. They cause
current to flow through the body to the
ground.
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The effect of Low-frequency
electric fields
 Low-frequency magnetic fields induce
circulating currents within the human
body. The strength of these currents
depends on the intensity of the outside
magnetic field. If sufficiently large, these
currents could cause stimulation of
nerves and muscles or affect other
biological processes
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Electromagnetic fields and
cancer
 Despite many studies, the evidence for
any effect remains highly controversial.
However, it is clear that if
electromagnetic fields do have an effect
on cancer, then any increase in risk will
be extremely small. The results to date
contain many inconsistencies, but no
large increases in risk have been found
for any cancer in children or adults.
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What is a health hazard?
 The body does not possess adequate
compensation mechanisms for all
biological effects. Changes that are
irreversible and stress the system for
long periods of time may constitute a
health hazard
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Effects on general health
 Some members of the public have attributed a
diffuse collection of symptoms to low levels of
exposure to electromagnetic fields at home.
Reported symptoms include headaches,
anxiety, suicide and depression, nausea,
fatigue and loss of libido. To date, scientific
evidence does not support a link between
these symptoms and exposure to
electromagnetic fields. At least some of these
health problems may be caused by noise or
other factors in the environment, or by anxiety
related to the presence of new technologies.
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Widespread concerns for health
 Over the course of the past decade,
numerous electromagnetic field sources
have become the focus of health
concerns, including power lines,
microwave ovens, computer and TV
screens, security devices, radars and
most recently mobile phones and their
base stations.
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Measurements
Wireless on the go
2000
1800 1827
1600
1400
1200
Electric Field
1000
910
800
600 578
400
200 230
115
69.4
0
0 10 20 25 40 60
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Measurements
Microwave Oven
700
648
600
578
500
Electric Field
400
300
230 230
200
100 110
43
0 10
0 0.07 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.5 1
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Measurements
Microwave Oven
700
600 590
560
500
Magnetic Field
400
380
320
300
200
100
14
0
0 5 10 20 70
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Measurements
Wireless Network
700
600
578
500
Electric Field
400
300
230
200
100
69
43
21
0
0 5 10 15 20
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SAR Rating
Manufacturer Model SAR rating W/Kg
Samsung F210 0.20
Nokia 6267 0.31
Emporia Life 0.37
HTC TYTN11 38
LG KE970 Shine 0.43
LG KU970 0.43
Nokia 6290 0.47
Samsung U600 0.48
Nokia 8800i 0.50
LG KG130 0.52
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SAR Rating
Manufacturer Model SAR rating W/Kg
Sony Ericsson T650 1.80
Sony Ericsson W880i 1.45
Nokia E51 1.40
Sony Ericsson W950i 1.35
Sony Ericsson Z610i 1.32
Sony Ericsson K810i 1.31
Sony Ericsson W610i 1.31
Sony Ericsson W660i 1.27
Sony Ericsson K550i 1.25
LG + Nokia KU250 + N5700 1.2
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eRA-5 24

Conclusions from scientific
research
 In the area of biological effects and medical
applications of non-ionizing radiation approximately
25,000 articles have been published over the past 30
years. Despite the feeling of some people that more
research needs to be done, scientific knowledge in
this area is now more extensive than for most
chemicals. Based on a recent in-depth review of the
scientific literature, the WHO concluded that current
evidence does not confirm the existence of any
health consequences from exposure to low level
electromagnetic fields. However, some gaps in
knowledge about biological effects exist and need
further research.
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Technological Education Institute of PIRAEUS
Computer Systems Engineering Department
Thank you for your attention
International Scientific Conference
eRA-5
2010
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International Scientific Conference eRA-5 26