2. Muscles of the Gluteal Region The muscles of the gluteal region are responsible for extension, abduction, lateral rotation and slight medial rotation of the hip joint.
3. Muscles of the Gluteal Region Starting from superficial and going deep identify the following muscles: Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Superior gemellus Obturatorinternus Inferior gemellus Obturatorexternus Quadratusfemoris
4. Muscles of the Gluteal Region The tensor fascia latae is seen from the lateral side of the gluteal region
5. Arteries of the Gluteal Region Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Internal pudendal These arteries are branches of the internal iliac artery which lies inside the pelvis. There are three arteries coming into the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen.
6. Nerves of the Gluteal Region The nerves of the gluteal region are branches of the lumbosacral plexus: Superior gluteal N Inferior gluteal N Sciatic N Posterior femoral cutaneous N PudendalN
7. Gluteal Region Muscles Gluteus Maximus Origin: iliac crest, sacrum Insertion: iliotibial tract, lineaaspera Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
8. Gluteal Region Muscles Gluteus Medius Origin: iliac crest Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
9. Gluteal Region Muscles Gluteus Minimus Origin: Lateral surface of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
11. Gluteal Region Muscles Tensor Fascia Latae Origin: iliac crest Insertion: iliotibial tract Action: assists gluteus maximus inextending the knee joint Innervation: superior gluteal nerve The tensor fascia latae is seen from the lateral side of the gluteal region
12. Gluteal Region Muscles Deep to gluteus maximus are a number of small rotator muscles of the hip, including: Piriformis Gemelli muscles (superior – inferior ) Obturatorinternus Obturatorexternus Quadratusfemoris
13. Gluteal Region Muscles Piriformis Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: greater trochanter Action: lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); abduction of flexed thigh Innervation: Sacral nerve S1 and S2
14. Gluteal Region Muscles Superior Gemellus Origin: ischial spine Insertion: greater trochanter of femor Action: lateral rotation of femur Innervation: Sacral plexus
15. Gluteal Region Muscles Inferior Gemellus Origin:Ischialtuberosity Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: lateral rotation of femur Innervation: Sacral plexus
16. Gluteal Region Muscles ObturatorInternus Origin: internal aspect of obturator foramen & obturator membrane Insertion: greater trochanter Action: lateral rotation of femur; abduction of thigh when hip is flexed Innervation: Sacral plexus
17. Gluteal Region Muscles ObturatorExternus Origin: obturator foramen & obturator membrane (external surface) Insertion: Greater trochanger of femur Action: lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); adduction of thigh (weak) Innervation: obturator nerve
18. Gluteal Region Muscles QuadratusFemoris Origin: ischialtuberosity Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur Action: lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); adduction of thigh (weak) Innervation:Sacral plexus
