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Charles Dickens’”A Christmas Carol”
Symbolism 
• Scrooge 
– Beliefs and values of Victorian England in the 1800’s 
• Bob Cratchit 
– The spirit of Christmas Dickens wanted to see revived in England 
• Fire that warms Bob and in the fire place 
– The warmth felt within those who share and celebrate the season. 
• Marley’s Chains 
– The money and priorities that Marley valued in his life while he was living. 
• Ghost of Christmas Present 
– Christmas joy , kindness, generosity, and peace 
• Light Coming from the Ghost of Christmas Past- 
- The memories and spirit of Christmases past 
• Cap held by the Ghost of Christmas Past 
– greed, selfishness and other actions that extinguish the spirit of Christmas
Symbolism 
Girl Want 
Poor children who do not have the common necessities 
(housing, food, clothing) 
Boy Ignorance 
– The uneducated, working-class factory children; they 
should be feared because if they remain uneducated 
England will collapse and be doomed.
Symbolism 
• Scrooge’s Coat of Gray 
– Scrooge’s cold-hearted, unsympathetic 
personality 
• Scrooge’s Coat of Blazing Holly-Red 
– A redeemed Scrooge who is caring, generous, and 
warm-hearted
Theme 
• What are some of the themes embedded within A 
Christmas Carol? 
People can change, also expressed as mankind can be 
redeemed. 
Acts of kindness enrich the spirit and lead to more 
acts of kindness by others. 
Unless society reaches out to help those less 
fortunate and in need, especially children, society is 
condemned/doomed. 
The way man treats others is more valuable than one’s 
possessions. 
Man’s offensives carries its own punishment
Characterization 
• What are some ways the author characterizes 
Scrooge? 
“Oh, but he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone….secret, self-contained, 
and solitary as an oyster.” 
Direct Characterization 
“’There was a boy singing a Christmas carol at my door last night. I should 
like to have given him something: that’s all.’” 
Implies change through characters speech 
“’If they rather die, they had better do it and decrease the surplus 
population.’” 
Characters speech 
“ ‘It should be on Christmas Day, I am sure, ‘ said [Mrs. Cratchit], ‘ on which 
one drinks the health of such an odious, stingy unfeeling man as Mr. 
Scrooge.’ “ 
Effects on other characters
Characterization 
“Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say with gladsome looks, ‘My dear 
Scrooge, how are you?’ No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no man or 
woman now, or ever in his life, inquire the way to such and such a place.” 
Effects on others 
Scrooge says, “ I’ll raise your salary, and endeavor to assist your struggling 
family.’” 
Actions 
Mr. Scrooge purchased the largest turkey in the poulterer’s shops and had it 
delivered to Cratchit. 
Actions 
He had been revolving in his mind a change of life and thought and hoped he 
saw his new-born resolutions carried out in this. 
Characters Thoughts
Characterization 
• What are some ways the author characterizes 
Fred? Bob? 
• Fred 
 Fred invites his uncle for Christmas dinner even though he 
knows he doesn’t like him. 
 Fred restrains himself from yelling or call Scrooge names. 
 Fred welcome his uncle after he was treated poorly by him. 
 Sees Christmas as a time where he profits in personal gratitude 
rather than monetary gain.
Characterization 
• Bob 
Slips the two men money when he is can afford 
it. 
Encourages Fred when he leaves. 
Wishes Scrooge a Merry Christmas even when 
Scrooge doesn’t want to hear it. 
Applauds Fred’s views on the season. 
Toasts Scrooge even though he treats him 
poorly. 
Not handsome
Setting 
• How is the setting significant to the novel? 
• Charles Dickens was concerned about the way 
in which people were treated during the 
Victorian time period. 
• The overall themes embedded within this story 
are based on the unfair treatment and class 
separation of the Victorian time period; 
however, they can be still applied in current 
times.
Flashbacks 
• What flashback helps the reader understand why 
Scrooge doesn’t care for his nephew? 
• When he reveals that his sister has died. 
• What flashback helps the reader understand why 
Scrooge doesn’t believe in love? 
• When Belle, his lost love, releases him.
Foreshadowing 
• “So I pray, you hurry back to your seats 
refreshed and ready for a miser- to turn his 
coat of gray into a blazen Christmas holly-red.” 
• What is the significance of this quote?
Foreshadowing 
• What signals does Dickens use to let the 
reader know that he will have an unusual 
evening? 
Marley’s face appears on the door knocker, 
he checks each room, the pictures of Marley 
throughout the room, the sound of chains, 
the door opening , and the ringing bells.
“I will honor Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will 
live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. The Spirits of all Three 
shall strive within me. I will not shut out the lessons that they teach.” 
Ebenezer Scrooge 
FULL MOVIE (1984) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvdMjXhPGd0 
CARTOON VERSION 1997 https://www.youtube.com/watch? 
v=KntAvJfGF6g 
Read more: http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/series/christmas-according- 
to-dickens/#ixzz3LyjoGjuh

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A Christmas Carol: Literary Elements

  • 2. Symbolism • Scrooge – Beliefs and values of Victorian England in the 1800’s • Bob Cratchit – The spirit of Christmas Dickens wanted to see revived in England • Fire that warms Bob and in the fire place – The warmth felt within those who share and celebrate the season. • Marley’s Chains – The money and priorities that Marley valued in his life while he was living. • Ghost of Christmas Present – Christmas joy , kindness, generosity, and peace • Light Coming from the Ghost of Christmas Past- - The memories and spirit of Christmases past • Cap held by the Ghost of Christmas Past – greed, selfishness and other actions that extinguish the spirit of Christmas
  • 3. Symbolism Girl Want Poor children who do not have the common necessities (housing, food, clothing) Boy Ignorance – The uneducated, working-class factory children; they should be feared because if they remain uneducated England will collapse and be doomed.
  • 4. Symbolism • Scrooge’s Coat of Gray – Scrooge’s cold-hearted, unsympathetic personality • Scrooge’s Coat of Blazing Holly-Red – A redeemed Scrooge who is caring, generous, and warm-hearted
  • 5. Theme • What are some of the themes embedded within A Christmas Carol? People can change, also expressed as mankind can be redeemed. Acts of kindness enrich the spirit and lead to more acts of kindness by others. Unless society reaches out to help those less fortunate and in need, especially children, society is condemned/doomed. The way man treats others is more valuable than one’s possessions. Man’s offensives carries its own punishment
  • 6. Characterization • What are some ways the author characterizes Scrooge? “Oh, but he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone….secret, self-contained, and solitary as an oyster.” Direct Characterization “’There was a boy singing a Christmas carol at my door last night. I should like to have given him something: that’s all.’” Implies change through characters speech “’If they rather die, they had better do it and decrease the surplus population.’” Characters speech “ ‘It should be on Christmas Day, I am sure, ‘ said [Mrs. Cratchit], ‘ on which one drinks the health of such an odious, stingy unfeeling man as Mr. Scrooge.’ “ Effects on other characters
  • 7. Characterization “Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say with gladsome looks, ‘My dear Scrooge, how are you?’ No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no man or woman now, or ever in his life, inquire the way to such and such a place.” Effects on others Scrooge says, “ I’ll raise your salary, and endeavor to assist your struggling family.’” Actions Mr. Scrooge purchased the largest turkey in the poulterer’s shops and had it delivered to Cratchit. Actions He had been revolving in his mind a change of life and thought and hoped he saw his new-born resolutions carried out in this. Characters Thoughts
  • 8. Characterization • What are some ways the author characterizes Fred? Bob? • Fred  Fred invites his uncle for Christmas dinner even though he knows he doesn’t like him.  Fred restrains himself from yelling or call Scrooge names.  Fred welcome his uncle after he was treated poorly by him.  Sees Christmas as a time where he profits in personal gratitude rather than monetary gain.
  • 9. Characterization • Bob Slips the two men money when he is can afford it. Encourages Fred when he leaves. Wishes Scrooge a Merry Christmas even when Scrooge doesn’t want to hear it. Applauds Fred’s views on the season. Toasts Scrooge even though he treats him poorly. Not handsome
  • 10. Setting • How is the setting significant to the novel? • Charles Dickens was concerned about the way in which people were treated during the Victorian time period. • The overall themes embedded within this story are based on the unfair treatment and class separation of the Victorian time period; however, they can be still applied in current times.
  • 11. Flashbacks • What flashback helps the reader understand why Scrooge doesn’t care for his nephew? • When he reveals that his sister has died. • What flashback helps the reader understand why Scrooge doesn’t believe in love? • When Belle, his lost love, releases him.
  • 12. Foreshadowing • “So I pray, you hurry back to your seats refreshed and ready for a miser- to turn his coat of gray into a blazen Christmas holly-red.” • What is the significance of this quote?
  • 13. Foreshadowing • What signals does Dickens use to let the reader know that he will have an unusual evening? Marley’s face appears on the door knocker, he checks each room, the pictures of Marley throughout the room, the sound of chains, the door opening , and the ringing bells.
  • 14. “I will honor Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me. I will not shut out the lessons that they teach.” Ebenezer Scrooge FULL MOVIE (1984) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvdMjXhPGd0 CARTOON VERSION 1997 https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=KntAvJfGF6g Read more: http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/series/christmas-according- to-dickens/#ixzz3LyjoGjuh