Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1. 1
Amjad Khan Afridi
What is an STD?
an infection that can be transmitted through sexual contactwith an infected
individual.
They are sometimes called sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
STDs can be transmitted many different ways, but most can be passed by:
 Vaginal sex
 Anal sex
 Oral sex
 Skin-to-skin contact
 Infected Mother to child
Why Is This Important?
 20 million new infections every year in the United States.
 More than 1/2 of all people will have an STD at some point in their lifetime.

2. 2
Amjad Khan Afridi
Are STDs curable?
Curable Not Curable
Antibiotics can cure bacterial STDs: Treatment can improve the lives of many
people living with viral STDs:
 Chlamydia  HIV
 Gonorrhea  Herpes
 Syphilis  HPV
 Trichomoniasis  Hepatitis B
Antibiotics can cure bacterial STDs…
but not always the long-term damage.
Bacterial STDs:
(1) Chlamydia
 Most frequently reported STD in U.S.
 2.86 million cases per year 2016
Could fill the OU Football Stadium 35x!
How is it spread?
1. Vaginal sex
2. Anal sex
3. Oral sex with someone who has chlamydia.
4. Infected pregnant women can pass it to their baby during pregnancy or
childbirth.

3. 3
Amjad Khan Afridi
Chlamydia—Rates by Age and Sex, United States, 2012
(2) Gonorrhea:
In the U.S.
 2nd
most common disease that is required to be reported14
 718,000 new cases per year ( 2014)
How’s It Spread?
1. Vaginal sex
2. Anal sex
3. Oral sex with someone who has gonorrhea
4. A pregnant woman infected with gonorrhea can give the infection to her
baby during childbirth.

4. 4
Amjad Khan Afridi
Gonorrhea — Rates of Reported Cases by Age and Sex, United States, 2013
(3) Syphilis:
“The Great Imitator” affectsapproximately32,000 people eachyear in the U.S.
How is SyphilisSpread?
 Direct contact with a syphilis sore (chancre) during vaginal sex, anal sex, or oral sex.
 Can be spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby.
Primary syphilis SecondarySyphilis Latent/Late Syphilis

5. 5
Amjad Khan Afridi
Primary Syphilis
Chancre (ˈshaŋ-kər) – the syphilis sore
 Appears within 2-6 weeks after exposure
 (could take up to 3 months)
 Firm, round, and painless
 Typically disappear after a few weeks without treatment (still progresses to next stage)
Secondary Syphilis
Rash:
 Can develop anywhere on the body
 Usually rough, red or reddish brown spots when on palms of the hands
and/or the bottoms of the feet
 Non-itchy
 Usually appears 4 weeks after chancre heals
 Will go away without treatment, but infection will progress to next stage of syphilis.
Primary and SecondarySyphilis—RatesofReportedCases by Age and Sex,UnitedStates,2013

6. 6
Amjad Khan Afridi
Latent Syphilis
The period when there are no signs/symptoms but syphilis is still present in the body .
If left untreated, you can continue to have syphilis in your bodyfor years without
any signs or symptoms.
Neurosyphilis Syphilis
Usually occurs during late syphilis but can occurat anytime during the infection
Symptoms:
 Difficulty coordinating muscle movements
 Paralysis (not able to move certain parts of your body)
 Numbness
 Blindness
 Dementia (mental disorder)
 Damage to internal organs
 Can result in death
 More likely to occurearly in the disease process if HIV infection is also present.
Late (Tertiary) Syphilis
Typically Occurs 10-30 years after infection begins.
Can damage almost any part of the bodyincluding the heart, brain, spinal cord,
eyes and bones.
Can result in mental illness, blindness, deafness, heart disease and death Gummas
Types
 Cardiovascular syphilis
 Late benign syphilis

7. 7
Amjad Khan Afridi
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
A serious infection that affects a woman’s reproductive organs.
Often caused by untreated STDs, like chlamydia and gonorrhea.
No tests for PID
May experience mild or no symptoms
Symptoms may be:
 Pain in your lower abdomen
 Fever
 An unusual discharge with a bad odorfrom your vagina
 Pain and/or bleeding when you have sex
 Burning sensation when you urinate
 Bleeding between periods
PID can be cured if caught early.
However, treatment won’t undo any damage that has already happened to your
reproductive system.

8. 8
Amjad Khan Afridi
Some complications of PID are:
 Formation of scartissue both outside and inside the fallopian tubes that can
lead to tubal blockage
 Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)
 Infertility (inability to get pregnant)
 Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain
Genital Herpes
An STD caused by two types of viruses
The viruses are called herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2).
NO CURE
How is Herpes Spread?
Vaginal, oral, or anal sex with someone who has the disease.
Usually NO or very mild symptoms.
Symptoms:
1. One or more blistersonor aroundthe genitals,rectum, ormouth.
2. The blistersbreakandleave painful soresthatmaytake weekstoheal.
These symptoms are sometimes called “having an outbreak”.
Most people who have herpes do not know it!
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
How is HPV transmitted?
 Vaginal sex
 Anal sex

9. 9
Amjad Khan Afridi
 Oral sex
(Vaginal & anal most common)
HPV is VERY common.
Most sexually-active men and women will get at least one type ofHPVat some point in their lives.
Health Problems Caused by HPV
Most people with HPV do not know they are infected and never develop symptoms
or health problems from it.
There is no treatment for the virus itself. However, there are treatments for the
health problems that HPV can cause:
 Genital warts
 Cervical pre-cancer
 Other HPV-related cancers

10. 10
Amjad Khan Afridi
HIV
“Flu-like” symptoms (if any) about 2-4 weeks after exposure:
 Fever
 Enlarged lymph nodes
 Sore throat
 Rash
What Fluids Transmit HIV? HIV Can Enter The Body Through
 Blood Mouth Nose
 Vaginal Fluids Eyes Ears
 Semen Vagina Penis
 Breast Milk Anus Breaking in skin
Pubic Lice & Scabies
 Infections caused by parasitic infestations
 Pubic lice: tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic hair & bite their hostto
feed on blood
 Scabies:mites that burrow below the surface of the skin to lay their eggs
 Can live for 1 – 3 days on bedding, towels and clothing
 Treated with medicated creams & lotions

11. 11
Amjad Khan Afridi
Reducing your risk of STDs
No Risk
Abstinence (sex):nothaving oral, vaginal or anal sex
No genital contact: Mutual monogamy betweennon-infectedpartners
ReducedRisk
ProtectedSex: “Correctand consistent” use of condoms/barriers
Fewersexual partners
Regular STD testing
Male Condoms
More than 98% effective when used correctly and consistently

12. 12
Amjad Khan Afridi
Different kinds:
 Latex
 Polyurethane (“Non-Latex”)
 Lambskin
Demonstrated By Habib
Date: 15th
August , 2016