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BRITISH COLONIALISM IN MALAYSIA<br />“ the good, the bad & the ugly“ <br />by Ai Yamada, Maarhafizah Maaroff, Amirul Haji Mohamad, Raffael Ignacio & Kurt Läubli<br />

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Accusation<br />Charge: the United Kingdom isaccused of exploitingMalaya/Malaysia as itscolonialruler and hinderingitsprogress<br /><br />Lord Kurt Läubli, Judge<br /><br /><br />Ms. MaarhafizahMaaroff, QC<br />Tan Sri Amirul Haji Mohamad<br /><br /><br />Ms. AiYamada, QC<br />DatukSeri Raffael Ignacio<br /><br /><br />

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Colonial History of Malaysia: a brief overview<br />

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The Good Aspects (1)<br />Better Education System<br />Introduced English Education System, a Cambridge System recognized for its quality.<br />Better education system compare to Malay education system, up to primary school only.<br />opportunities to pursue tertiary education<br />

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United Kingdom’s Financial Expenditure in Malaya & British Borneo. (Figures in Pound Sterling millions, rounded to nearest thousand)<br />Category of<br />Expenditure Fin. Years<br />1951-52 1952-53 1953-54<br />Colonial Development <br /> and Welfare .693 1.169 1.095<br />British Council .009 .014 .021 <br />Source: FO/371/123259, “United Kingdom Financial Years in Colombo Plan Countries, Commonwealth and Sterling Area, 1951-54<br />

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The Good Aspects (2)<br />Flourish Malaysia Economy<br />open large rubber estates, oil palm estates, tin mines and large scale industrial establishments<br />Improved infrastructures & facilities i.e. <br />good roads, modern towns, schools, & economic prosperity.<br />

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The Bad Aspects<br />The British EXPLOITED Malaysian natural resources to fuel and sustain the empire in light of the Industrial Revolution. <br />The British DISRUPTED racial relations and institutionalized racial ideology<br />

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British built divisive race relationship?<br />1.For providing labor forces to new emerging industry, rubber plantation and tin mining in late 19th century, it was necessary to have many migrants from China and India!<br />2.By injecting abundant of labor forces, the British could achieved rapid economic growth in Malaya.<br />

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Government Structure<br />British gave an opportunity to learn English to Malays.<br />↓<br /> Malays could hold higher bureaucratic and political positions.<br />British reinforced the principle of Malay dominance in government.<br />

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Security Arrangements<br />When the communist insurgency occurred, British prepared future security arrangements because Malaya didn’t have any security mechanism at that time.<br />This security arrangements have been maintained in Malaysia until today.<br />

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Provided SECURITY ???<br /><ul><li>What Security????

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Brits can’t even defend Malaya in WW2.

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WhiningCOWARDSwho surrendered easily dueto the easy life they had inMALAYA.

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Capitulated in 10weeks…..and to make matters worse GUNS(in Singapore) were facing the wrong direction!</li></li></ul><li>THE UGLY ( 1 )<br />BRUTAL SUPPRESSION OF OPPOSITION ( HARD – UGLY )<br />e.g. 1875-Perak(many Patriots Hanged & Exiled Sultan Abdullah),<br />1915 – Kelantan<br />(Bangkok Treaty – divided Northern Malaya)<br />TokJanggut -<br />

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UGLY ( 1 )<br />BRUTAL SUPPRESSION OF OPPOSITION ( HARD – UGLY )<br />e.g. 1875-Perak(many Patriots Hanged & Exiled Sultan Abdullah), 1948-Batang Kali Massacre<br />1948 - 24 Chinese villagers murdered in Cold Blood<br />By the 7th Platoon, Scottish Guards in B.K, Selangor<br />(detained 25villagers, thinking they were communists ….. gunned them down)<br />1992 – BBC Documentary “ In Cold Blood”<br />2008 – GBP80m compensation claim(30+50)<br />

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THE UGLY (2)<br />LABELLING & Colonial Mentalism(UGLY – SOFT)<br />* MPAJA – Malayan People Anti-Japanese Army<br /><ul><li>After WW2, MPAJA Members (Malays, Chinese & Indian) were “Labelled” Communist

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Reason: to check Communist threat (at the same time British opposition)</li></li></ul><li>Kurt‘s judgement<br />„I rule that the British are NOT guilty!!!“<br />

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Audience Poll:<br />Were the British guilty of exploiting Malaya / Malaysia?<br />