Merchandising

1. A STUDY OF
MARCHANDISING
BGMEA UNIVERSITY OF FASHION & TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO
ABDUR RAKIB
LECTUREAL OF BUFT

2. GROUP MEMBERS:
NAMES ID NO
MD.AMINUL ISLAM
(team leader)
131-019-0-145
MD.MOZAMMAL
HAQUE
131-039-0-145
MD.ARIFUL ISLAM 131-036-0-145
MD.SHARIFUL ISLAM 131-029-0-145
MD.RASHED PULAN 131-030-0-145
OVEY BISWAS 131-07-0-145

3. In1950,was the beginning of R.M.G in the
Western World. In order to control the level of
imported RMG products from developing countries
into developed countries , MultiFiber Agreement
(MFA) was made in 1974. (www.online.clothing)
The MFA agreement imposed an export rate 6 percent
increase every year from a developing country to a
developed country. In the early 1980s, This is when
Bangladesh started receiving investment in the RMG
sector. some Bangladeshis received free training from
Korean Daewoo Company. After these workers came
back to Bangladesh, many of them broke ties with the
factory they were working for and started their own
factories. (www.online.clothing)
3
INTRODUCTION:

4. The economy of Bangladesh is largely
dependent on agriculture. However, in recent
years, the Ready–Made Garments (RMG)
sector has emerged as the biggest earner of
foreign currency. The ready-made garment
(RMG) sector has experienced an exponential
growth since the 1980s.The sector contributes
significantly to the GDP. It also provides
employment to around 4.2 million
Bangladeshis, mainly women from low income
families which affects their social status.
 4

5. A CONCEPT:
RMG &
MERCHENDISING
 What is RMG?
Ready Made Garments are mass-produced
finished textile products of the clothing industry.
They are not custom tailored according to
measurement . They are made from many different
fabrics and yarns . Their characteristics depend on
fibers used in their manufacture.,MERCHANDISING
3rd Edition (Grace L. kunz)
5

6. A CONCEPT OF:
RMG &
MARCHENDISING
 What is Merchandising?
MERCHANDISING is he or she , who builds
up a relationship with the buyer and acts as a
seller . He acts as a bridge between buyer and
seller . He plays a vital role in an organization in
a sense that he bears more responsibility than
other in regards to order execution. (wikipedia)
6

8.  To find out the activities of
Merchandising
 To find Knit production process.
8
OBJECTIVES
TO
STUDY:

9. ACTIVITIES
OF
MERCHANDISING:
Merchandising is part of marketing process
where 4 P's are required to complete the
process of marketing.
Product,
Price,
Place/distribution
Promotion
In the above, the term ‘Merchandising’ has
been explained in general. In a moment I will
explain about apparel merchandising.
When it comes to explain about apparel
merchandising, this is to bring the orders by
using different marketing tools
9

10. ACTIVITIES
OF
MERCHANDISING:
arranging raw materials according to buyer’s
specifications, producing goods with quality
standard in a specified time with a strong
follow up, ship out the goods and receiving the
payments. After completing everything, closing
the order file and starting the marketing activity
again. This is Apparel Merchandising as a
whole.(www.apparelmerchandising.com)
10

11. ACTIVITIES
OF
MERCHANDISING:
Apparel Merchandising Activity Cycle:
Common merchandising activities are displayed in
following diagram in a cycling from:

12. ACTIVITIES
OF
MERCHANDISING:
Merchandising And Interdepartment Relations:
In an export manufacturing unit, a merchandiser
plays a major role in order execution.
12
BGMEA SOURCE

13. ACTIVITIES
OF
MERCHANDISING:
They need to interact with all the department in a
factory. The major departments in factory with whom
merchants work closely is shown in the following
diagram. (www.onlineclothingstudy.com)
Responsibilities of merchandiser:
A merchadiser is responsible for the following tasks but
not limited to these only.
 Marketing
 Costing and price quoting
 Sample development
 Factory production scheduling.
 Arranging final inspection
 Shipping plan
 Customer liaison etc
13

14. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS: T-SHIRT

15. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
RMG factories are scheduled with a common
processing sequence to make and export.
Flowchart of garments making must know as if
a merchandiser because a merchandiser
make time and action plan according to step up
factory. (www.knitproduction/t-shirt.com)
STEP 1: TECH PACK
TP or PDM is formerly given by Buyer
containing sketches , construction and
measurement chart for a particular style of
garments.
15

16. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 2: BASIC BLOCK
Basic block is also given by buyer in some
cases to make a style easy , it is featured with
individual component of garments without
considering allowances.
STEP 3: WORKING PATTERN
When a pattern is made for a particular style
with net dimension regarding the basic block
along with allowances then it is called a
working pattern or garment pattern.
16

17. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 4: SAMPLE GARMENTS
By following TP and pattern , sample is made,
send to the buyer for reviewing and receive
comments for final (sample will be made till buyer
satisfaction) and go into production.
STEP 5: APPROVED SAMPLE
Different types of sample are made before
starting production such as development , pp, fit,
wash. Once the sample approved buyer ,then it is
treated as approved sample as a final counter for
bulk production.
17

18. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 6: COSTING
It includes the costing of:
* Fabric cost,
* CM (Cost Of Making)
* Trims cost,
* Wash cost,
* Profit.
STEP 7: PRODUCTION PATTERN
Making allowance with net dimension to
bulk product.
18

19. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
Step 8: GRADING
According to measurement chart and size
breakdown grading is done for marker making
.(it may be small to large or depends on the
ages).It is frequently done by CAD to get more
accuracy.
STEP 9: MARKER MAKING
The marker is a thin paper which contains all
the components of different sizes for a
particular style of garments.
19

20. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS :
STEP 10: FABRIC SPREADING
Spreading is done before cutting with the help
of fabric spreader or manually . The marker is
then spread over the fabric lay.
STEP 11: CUTTING
Cut the fabric according to marker
dimension.
STEP 12: SORTING
Sort out the fabric according to the size and
for each size make in individual bundles.
20

21. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 13: PRINTING/EMBROIDERY:
Sometimes garments require print or
embroidery . Usually the process of print or
embroidery is done before sewing but
sometimes it could be done after sewing.
STEP 14: SEWING
The sorted bundles of fabrics are now ready
to be stitched. In this workplace, there are many
operators who perform a single operation . One
operator may make only straight seams and
make button holes.
21

22. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 15: QUALITY CHECK/INSPECTION
QC/QA teams check quality in this section to
detect any defective garments. They check
defects like measurement variation , sewing
defect , fabric defect , print defect etc.
STEP 16: WASHING
For woven garments washing is compulsory ,
especially denim garments are to be washed
according to wash target . Others garments
including knit also being washed.
22

23. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 17: FINISHING
After washing the garments are to be attached
other trims in the finishing section like as snap,
button, rib or twill tape , shake etc and loose or
hanging thread s cut in finishing.
STEP 18: IRONING
Now the garments are then applied to ironing and
pressing.
STEP 19: FINAL CHECK
QC/QA team checks quality finally in this
section before packing.
23

24. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS:
STEP 20: PACKING
After final check , the garments are packed
in poly or blister .
STEP 21: CARTOONING
After packing , it should be placed in
cartooning for export. Hang tag, price tag are
attaching in this stage. This stage as per buyers
packing instruction for inspection by buyer
representatives.
STEP 22:DELIVERY
After inspection by buyers representations the
cartoons containingmanufactured garments are
delivered for shipment.
24

25. FLOW CHART OF KNIT PROCESS:
TECH
PACK
BASIC
BLOCK
WORKING
PATTERN
SAMPLE
GARMENTS
APPROVE
D SAMPLE
COSTING
PRODUCTIO
N PATTERN
GRADING
MARKER
MAKING
SORTING CUTTING
FABRIC
SPREADING
PRINTING SEWING
QUALITY
CHECK
IRONING FINISHING WASHING
FINAL
CHECK
PACKING CARTOONING
SHIPMENT

26. METHODOLOGY:
The present study based on Qualitative . Data
have been collective from the study areas from
February 17. Quantitative data was used to
collect data. The data of this study were
collected from SQUARE FASHIONS LTD in
valuka, MYMENSHING.
A total number of 1who takes us to give the
instruction of knit production process.

27. FINDING
OF
SQUARE FASHIONS LTD
(KNIT GARMENTS)

28. SQUARE FASHIONS LTD is the final stage
of the vertical integration after square textile
and square knit fabrics. The Square Fashions
Ltd is the consummation of square’s vision of
becoming a one stop destination for
international buyers. Company established on
2001 and Manufactured Knit Apparel.
Within a very short time of span the company
achieved some significant success .The factory
was located in Valuka , Mymenshing .
Square Fashions Ltd product range are T-
shirts, Tops, Polo shirts, sport wears, kids wear
etc.
INTRODUCTION

29. POSITIONS
OF
SQUARE FASHIONS LTD
Managing Director
Design
director
Marketin
g director
Productio
n director
operation
director
Financi
al
director
Chief
engineer
Sales
manager
Productio
n
manager
Person
el
manag
er
Maintai
nence
manag
er
Distribution
arranger
Quality
manager
Perchangin
g manager
plannin
g
manag
er
Cutting
manager
Sewing
manager
Finishing
manager

30. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS
OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
YARN:
At first Square collect yarn from his own
production of Square Yarn Ltd. After that they
put in store room.
YARN DYEING:
Yarn can be dyed after spinning. Dyed yarn
can be used to create woven strips or plaid
designs in fabric . However, dyeing at the yarn
stage is relatively difficult often resulting in
uneven color application. At, this stage, yarn
can be dyed either in skein form or wound on
tubes or cones.5500 kilograms yarn required to
dyeing

31. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
The former allows yarn to move more freely in
the dye bath or dye solution , helping ensure
greater uniformity of dye penetration and
therefore better color uniformity.
Grey yarn inspection
Loading yarn in m/c
Scouring
Bleaching
Dyeing
Finishing

32. KNIT PRODUCTION PROCESS
OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
FABRIC DYEING:
Dyeing is the process of giving color to a
fabric, one color at a time . In dyeing the entire
fabric is placed in the dye solution, causing
most or all the fabric to take a single color . By
contrast in printing , color is placed onto one
side of the fabric in selected patterns.
Industrially, fabrics may be dyed in batch form
in a continuous process . In the former, certain
lengths of fabric will be dyed at one time,
generally in a large machine similar to a cloth
washing machine.

33. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
Dyeing Process of square fashions:
Grey fabric inspection
Loading fabric in m/c
Scouring
Bleaching
Enzyme
Dyeing
Finishing
Garments
making

34. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
Dyeing Machine

35. KNIT PRODUCTION PROCESS
OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
WASHING:
After dyeing Square prepare to wash the fabrics.
FOR DYEING WHITE COLOR AFTER DYEING DARK
At first, water fills 1:7 liquor ratio on dyeing
machine
wetting agent--------------o.5gm/1
Bleaching powder-------1gm/1
Soda ash-------------------1gm/1

36. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
FABRIC MANUFACTURING:
CUTTING:
After storing the fabric brings into the cutting
room. SQUARE basically uses cutting the
fabric through laser or auto laser.50-60 piccess
fabric are spreading to cut in a time.
GERBER and INVESTRONICA are the latest
machine to use the cutting section.4.50 meter
long table are uses to fabric spreading for
cutting.

37. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
Record:
* complete cutting
* cut panel weight
* marker
FLOW CHART OF CUTTING:
Fabric comes from store
Fabric relaxation time 24
hours
Fabric spreading
Marker laying on fabric
Cutting

38. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
SORTING:
After cutting the fabric , the workers serially
maintenance the cutting parts of garments size
wise , numbering wise.
SEWING:
Sewing is the most important parts of
garments. JUKI machine are most favourit to
this sewing section.
Different types of machine are used in
SQUARE.

39. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
Total line- 65
Layout- 28
No of workers- 4000
TYPES OF MACHINE
SINGLE NEEDLE
OVERLOCK MACHINE
F/L CY
F/L HEM
F/L BIN
T/TRIM
B/CTR

40. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
SMV:
* If SMV is less then sewing section
production more.
* If SMV is more then sewing section
production is less.
FOR INCREASING SEWING SECTION NEED:
1) Capacity study.
2) Time and motion study.
3) Proper layout plan.
4) operation bulletin.

41. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
SEQUENCE OF SEWING SECTION:
Garments parts
comes from input
Sewing parts
according to sticker
Cutting extra
sewing thread
Quality check

42. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
SEWING SECTION LAYOUT

43. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
QUALITY CHECK:
This is the step that SQUARE check their
garments if any fault are occurred.
Rules of check:
This time SQUARE follow the instruction of
quality check:
1) place the garments equal in the table.
2) Follow the shade of garments.
3) Look the size label.
4) Look the care label.
5) Follow the back parts of garments.

44. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
QC fault types:
1) Stitch Quality,
* Missing stitches. * Wrong stitch length
*Broken stitches, * No tack/ No back stitch
2) Seam Quality,
* Twisting , * puckering , * Open seam
* Cracking , * Shining mark.
3) Trims fabric quality,
* Missing, * No tack,
* Uneven, * Shading
4) Attachment
* Wrong positioned, * Wrong shape.

45. KNIT PRODUCTION
PROCESS OF
SQUARE FASHIONS
FINISHING SECTION:
Garments comes from sewing
Remove spot from garments
Add tippt into garments
Ironing
Inspection
Sizing
Add hang tag
Assorting
Packing

46. RECOMMEDATION
Garments sector plays a very important role to
earn foreign exchange to our country. A large
amount of foreign money comes from the
exporting of garments. However a large
number of workers maintain there live on this
sector, specially the women. SO, overcome the
problems of merchandising.
The Government should gather adequate
knowledge about manufacturing,
SQUARE FASHIONS LTD is the top level of
corporate house but some problems they are
faced :

47. RECOMMENDATION
• The transport road between Dhaka-
Mymenshing is not much better. SQUARE
faced trouble when their product export to
various country through this linkage road uses ,
the buyer also faced trouble to come thatswhy
GOVERNMENT kindly concerned this
problem.
• Political is the harassment for both the
production and the exportation, government
should take step about it.
• Giving the large tax sometimes can’t be
possible to full fill as per production so if
government reduce the tax income that’s give
him much more opportunity.

48. RECOMMENDATION
 For purchasing raw materials , Government
should concentrated the price of rules.

49. SUCCESSIVE
PROJECT
SQUARE FASHIONS LTD take some
project that it gained in successive
position in the competitive market place.
• To create more jobs with minimum
investments.
• To maximum export earning with
minimum imported in-puts.
• To reduce the income gap between top &
bottom categories of employees.
• To promote the workers safety.

50. SUCCESSIVE PROJECT
 SQUARE gives facilitated the members to
give quarter of house.
 SQUARE gives facilitated the members
to give quarter of house.
 SQUARE takes the step to give training
the workers.
 Its production unit are separated building
as like dyeing unit, sewing unit, cutting
unit so their productivity rises their
position.

51. REFFERENCE
• www.onlineclothing.com
• www.apparelmerchandising.com
• Wikipedia
• Herry cooklin, steven George Hayes and John Mc
Loughlin: Introduction to clothing manufacture, 2nd
Edition, Wiley-Blackwell publishers;2006
• Latham B: The technology of clothing manufacturing ,
Blackwell Scientific publications,3RD edition,2000
• India global media p-175
• www.textilelearner.com
• www.garmentsmanufacture/blogpost.com
• B2B magazine world