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Present Perfect Continuous




            prezentare
schema
   Afirmativ: S + have/has + been + V-ing…
   Negativ: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing…
   Interogativ: have/has + S + been + V-ing…?

Observatii:
 S = subiect, V = verb;
 I, you, we, they have;
 he, she, it has;
 “been” se pastreaza indiferent de ceea ce se
  transmite in propozitie.
utilizare

1.   O actiune care a inceput in trecut, continua
     in prezent si poate si in viitor. In acest caz
     se traduce cu prezentul din limba romana.

Expresii: for, since
For (arata durata actiunii)

Poate fi folosit cu orice numeral si unitate de masura a
  timpului:
 For two hours (timp de doua ore)
 For three years (timp de trei ani)
 For four minutes (timp de patru minute) etc.

Mai poate fi folosit cu expresii de urmatorul tip:
 For a long time (de mult timp)
 For ages (de un “car” de vreme, de foarte mult timp)
 For a while (de ceva vreme) etc.


   Scriem de o ora. We have been writing for an hour.
   Studiem engleza de mult timp. We have been studying
    English for a long time.
Since (momentul de incepere al actiunii)

   Since lunch time (din timpul pranzului)
   Since 1998 (din 1998)
   Since the arrival (de la sosire)
   Since they came (de cand au venit ei)
   Since I was a child (de cand eram copil) etc.

Observatii:
De remarcat faptul ca “since” poate introduce o propozitie, spre deosebire de
   “for”, care nu poate;
De remarcat ca in propozitia introdusa prin “since” se foloseste Past Simple!

Se uita la TV de cand au venit de la scoala. They have been watching TV since
   they came from school.
Locuieste in aceeasi casa din 1987. She has been living in the same house
   since 1987.
utilizari

2. O actiune incheiata de curand, cu subliniere
  asupra duratei de desfasurare. In acest caz
  se traduce cu perfect compus (trecut).

“De ce esti asa de ud?” “M-am plimbat prin
  ploaie.” = “Why are you so wet?” “I have
  been walking in the rain.”
Atentie!



 Chiar daca situatia comunicata cere un
  Present Perfect Continuous, totusi, daca
  verbul are restrictie la un timp continuu,
  atunci se pune Present Perfect Simple.
Verbe care NU pot fi folosite la un timp continuu


 Verbele  de perceptie (to see, to taste, to
  smell, to hear etc.)
 Alte verbe ca: to be, to have, to think, to
  believe, to love, to like, to hate, to know,to
  understand, to want, to prefer, to mean, to
  seem, to belong, to remember…etc.
 pentru detalii vezi prezentarea Present
  Simple/Continuous (diferente)
exemplu

   Suntem aici de o ora.
   We have been here for an hour.

Observatie:
Actiunea “a fi” a inceput in trecut (acum o ora) si se afla
  inca in desfasurare, insa NU putem folosi Present
  Perfect Continuous pentru ca verbul “to be” NU
  poate fi folosit la un timp continuu.
exemplu

   Suntem aici de o ora.
   We have been here for an hour.

Observatie:
Actiunea “a fi” a inceput in trecut (acum o ora) si se afla
  inca in desfasurare, insa NU putem folosi Present
  Perfect Continuous pentru ca verbul “to be” NU
  poate fi folosit la un timp continuu.

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Present perfect-continuous

  • 2. schema  Afirmativ: S + have/has + been + V-ing…  Negativ: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing…  Interogativ: have/has + S + been + V-ing…? Observatii:  S = subiect, V = verb;  I, you, we, they have;  he, she, it has;  “been” se pastreaza indiferent de ceea ce se transmite in propozitie.
  • 3. utilizare 1. O actiune care a inceput in trecut, continua in prezent si poate si in viitor. In acest caz se traduce cu prezentul din limba romana. Expresii: for, since
  • 4. For (arata durata actiunii) Poate fi folosit cu orice numeral si unitate de masura a timpului:  For two hours (timp de doua ore)  For three years (timp de trei ani)  For four minutes (timp de patru minute) etc. Mai poate fi folosit cu expresii de urmatorul tip:  For a long time (de mult timp)  For ages (de un “car” de vreme, de foarte mult timp)  For a while (de ceva vreme) etc.  Scriem de o ora. We have been writing for an hour.  Studiem engleza de mult timp. We have been studying English for a long time.
  • 5. Since (momentul de incepere al actiunii)  Since lunch time (din timpul pranzului)  Since 1998 (din 1998)  Since the arrival (de la sosire)  Since they came (de cand au venit ei)  Since I was a child (de cand eram copil) etc. Observatii: De remarcat faptul ca “since” poate introduce o propozitie, spre deosebire de “for”, care nu poate; De remarcat ca in propozitia introdusa prin “since” se foloseste Past Simple! Se uita la TV de cand au venit de la scoala. They have been watching TV since they came from school. Locuieste in aceeasi casa din 1987. She has been living in the same house since 1987.
  • 6. utilizari 2. O actiune incheiata de curand, cu subliniere asupra duratei de desfasurare. In acest caz se traduce cu perfect compus (trecut). “De ce esti asa de ud?” “M-am plimbat prin ploaie.” = “Why are you so wet?” “I have been walking in the rain.”
  • 7. Atentie!  Chiar daca situatia comunicata cere un Present Perfect Continuous, totusi, daca verbul are restrictie la un timp continuu, atunci se pune Present Perfect Simple.
  • 8. Verbe care NU pot fi folosite la un timp continuu  Verbele de perceptie (to see, to taste, to smell, to hear etc.)  Alte verbe ca: to be, to have, to think, to believe, to love, to like, to hate, to know,to understand, to want, to prefer, to mean, to seem, to belong, to remember…etc.  pentru detalii vezi prezentarea Present Simple/Continuous (diferente)
  • 9. exemplu  Suntem aici de o ora.  We have been here for an hour. Observatie: Actiunea “a fi” a inceput in trecut (acum o ora) si se afla inca in desfasurare, insa NU putem folosi Present Perfect Continuous pentru ca verbul “to be” NU poate fi folosit la un timp continuu.
  • 10. exemplu  Suntem aici de o ora.  We have been here for an hour. Observatie: Actiunea “a fi” a inceput in trecut (acum o ora) si se afla inca in desfasurare, insa NU putem folosi Present Perfect Continuous pentru ca verbul “to be” NU poate fi folosit la un timp continuu.