2. Outlines
• Introduction
• What is a PCR?
• Principle
• Steps
• Material
• Equipment
• Application
• Advantages
• Limitation
2
3. Introduction
• The PCR technique was invented
in the 1983s by Kary B. Mullis.
• In 1993, Kary B. Mullis and
Professor Michael Smith awarded
the Nobel prize in the chemistry.
• In 1985, PerkinElmer introduced
the first automated PCR
machine.
3
5. What is a PCR?
5
• A technique used to make numerous copies
of a specific segment of DNA quickly and
accurately.
• PCR is an in vitro DNA replication!! (in a test
tube at the laboratory not in the cell).
• PCR targets and amplifies a specific region
of a DNA strand.
19. Advantages
• Determine pathogens that are difficult to isolate
(ex; viruses).
• Simple to use for Rapid diagnosis.
• Valuable screening tool.
• High sensitivity.
• Identify mutations, genetic diseases and
alteration of gene expression.
• Cost-effective compared to the other molecular
tools.
19
20. Limitation
• Short size range of amplification Products
(100bp- 500bp).
• Chances of Contamination.
• Possibility of false negative/positive Results.
20