1. Stratification

9. “The sultans are given salaries, allowances
and expenses to maintain the sultans’ primary
dwellings totalling about RM200 million
annually. They are each entitled to reside in
seven palaces. Pahang’s Sultan Ahmad Shah
had at least a dozen palaces, his own Boeing
727 and 200 polo ponies kept in air-
conditioned stables.”
Barry Wain, Malaysian Maverick

14. Why the Divide?

15. <Marx>

22. <Weber’s view>

25. <contact hypothesis>

26. <What is racism?>

29. It’s not about ethnicity

31. “Kaum Cina adalah…”

36. Institutionalised
Racism?

37. The 44th President of the United States!

38. “Ketuanan Melayu”?