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2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami And Earthquake
For the Humanitarian Project I projected my views of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and
Earthquake onto a newsletter. There were multiple sections included on the newsletter, like
interviews of the survivors themselves and the effects that the crisis had on the surrounding
countries. In my eyes, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and Earthquake compares to Hurricane
Katrina, a category 5 hurricane that hit the United States, in many ways. It's kind of like us United
States citizens can sympathize for the people in Asia because we can compare to what they went
through, even though we experienced it after. Asia experienced many conflicts going through this
crisis. With a magnitude of 9.3, the quake was the second largest earthquake in history. It killed about
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Cause And Effect Essay On Tsunamis
Tsunami Assignment
Cause
Firstly tsunamis can be caused by landslides, Earthquakes and Volcanic eruptions. Most tsunamis
are caused by massive earthquakes on the seafloor when parts of rock move past each other all of
a sudden causing water to move. A tsunami is a large sequence of very large waves created by a
sudden movement on the ocean's floor. Most earthquakes that create tsunamis happen in places
around the world called the subduction zones this is where pieces of the earth's crust press up
against each other. The subduction zone is where an oceanic plate is being forced down into the
mantle by plate tectonic forces. The friction between the subducting plate and the overriding plate
is huge. This friction helps prevent a slow and steady rate of subduction and instead the two plates
become stuck. Tsunamis are caused in the open ocean and at first they can appear to be only tiny
waves but they can grow very fast in size as they reach shallow water before crashing into villages,
towns or even cities.
How it is recorded / warnings including the use of primary and secondary waves
A tsunami has a very long wavelength which can reach up to hundreds of kilometres. This means
that the steepness or slope of the wave is very small so it is almost impossible to see with the
human eye at first. But there are ocean observing tools that are able to detect tsunamis from a long
rage now and is able to warn certain people that a Tsunami is coming. It took the National oceanic
and atmospheric administration twenty years to make a reliable (tsunamograph). A tsunamograph is
an instrument that gives people accurate real time data on tsunamis. There are different anchored
ocean bottom pressure recorders at a depth of five thousand meters and most of the recorders area
around the subduction zones since this is where most tsunamis happen all around the world.
Example of recent event including damaged caused
In March 2011, at 2:46pm local time the most powerful offshore earthquake hit the northeast coast of
japan triggered a massive tsunami that reached the size of thirty nine meters. Firstly there was
violent shaking for about three to five minutes and then the massive wave hit. The 8.9 magnitude
earthquake washed away
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Essay On Tsunamis
Since Tsunamis have occurred, there has been a considerable amount of destruction to buildings
and structures. People have spend Millions in rebuilding these structures which is not benefiting
the economy and this disaster has been continuously been in the news and also has been
happening around the world especially in the Ring of Fire. This part of the world is disastrous as
many seismic sea waves, earthquakes and volcanoes occur. [1] There are many problems relating
to waves that affect people over the world. Some waves being very dangerous while other not as
much. Tsunamis (Seismic sea Waves) is a series of very huge waves which are created by
underwater disturbances including earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruptions or meteorites. [2]
Tsunamis are one of the most deadliest and destructive disasters as...show more content...
One major limitation to Curved seawalls or seawalls in general is that they ruin the view and
scene for tourists. Although, seawalls protect and prevent any harm to human residence, a big tall
concrete structure instead of an open area with a view will ruin the tourist attraction in an area.
Coming to a beach, people and especially tourists would expect to have a beautiful scene with
nothing blocking their sight. Would a concrete wall ruin tourists view on shorelines or beaches?
This connects to a social aspect as people want to enjoy and have fun at the beach with sunny
weather and also a great view, but with a big concrete wall, tourists and people would not feel that
welcomed. This also connects to Beach reviews online as tourists might comment something
negative about the scene and view. This also connects to an economical aspect because tourists will
not be as attracted to the beach or shoreline as they used to be, meaning, that the workers in stores,
shops or workers doing activities will not earn as much money as not many people would be there.
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2004 Tsunami Research Paper
The Day the Waves Road the City
The 2004 tsunami was a major dent in today's history. It began as a normal day on December
26,2004. Everyone surfing, tanning, or just hanging around town with friends and family. . The day
was sunny and dry, a perfect day to have some vacation fun. During all of the fun on the beach in the
Indian Ocean an earthquake hits. No one thought of it and just began going back to their everyday
things. A little while later the tide pulls back and there perfect day at the beach was about to end
before their eyes. At 7:58 a.m. about 160 miles west in the Indian Ocean a tsunami starts to form.
The tide pulls back at Sumatra and everyone instead of leaving and trying to take cover or reaching
high land, they go out into
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Tsunami Of 2004 Research Paper
On the day of December 26 of 2004 there was an earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia
that caused massive Waves raging havoc and killing of an estimated 230,000 people the earthquake
magnitude was a 9.3 this magnitude was as close as the earthquake chili incident in 1960 except
this event had happened at sea instead of happening on land if this incident had occurred on land the
devastation would have been on a larger scale
The earthquake struck beneath the Indian Ocean 160 miles west of Sumatra. With a magnitude of
9.3 lasting nearly about 10 minutes. The quake moved a full 750 miles of underwater fault line up
to 40 feet thus causing a massive displacement of water. Causing a tsunami the tsunami had been
estimated to have had two
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Indian Ocean Tsunami Essay
The impact of the Indian ocean tsunami
How would you feel if you were told that you and your beloved ones will face a terrible disaster in
only a few minutes and there was nothing you can do to survive? This is what happened in the
Indian ocean tsunami that was on December 26, 2004 when a giant earthquake occurred in the
Indian ocean and unleashed a series of killer waves towards more than thirteen countries in which the
most affected ones were Sumatra in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Maldives. In this essay we
will discuss the cause of this tsunami and its environmental, humanitarian and economic impact in
the worst affected countries, Indonesia.
First of all, to understand the meaning of the tsunami, we have to know first the causes of it.
According to one of the world's leading experts in tsunami science and mitigation, Dr.Eddie N.
Bernard, tsunami generally occurred when a sudden large disturbance happens in the undersea floor
which generates a series of ocean waves more than 7 meter high called tsunami. A huge undersea
earthquake, underwater landslides and volcanic eruptions are some examples of the sudden undersea
disturbance. The Indian ocean tsunami in 2004 was caused by a huge undersea earthquake occurred
in the west coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia and since it was one of the biggest earthquake that
ever happened over the past 40 years, it triggered the deadliest tsunami in the history (NOAA).
Regarding to the environmental impact of the Indian ocean
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Essay on The Tsunami Disaster
The Tsunami Disaster At 0059 GMT on 26 December 2004, a magnitude 9.3 earthquake ripped apart
the seafloor off the coast of northwest Sumatra.
Over 100 years of accumulated stress was released in the second biggest earthquake in recorded
history.
It unleashed a devastating tsunami that travelled thousands of kilometres across the Indian Ocean,
taking the lives of nearly 300,000 people in countries as far apart as Indonesia, the Maldives, Sri
Lanka and Somalia.
THE EARTHQUAKE
Two hundred and forty kilometres (150 miles) off the coast of Sumatra, deep under the ocean floor,
at the boundary between two of the world's tectonic plates, lay a 1,200km (745...show more content...
"We were astonished to find ourselves walking through a pristine marine ecosystem, missing only its
multitude of colours, its fish, and its water," said Professor Kerry Sieh, from the California Institute
of Technology, US.
Yet, when the shaking from the earthquake subsided, no–one had any idea that the tremors had set in
motion something far more deadly – a tsunami.
THE TSUNAMI
Deep under the Indian Ocean, at the epicentre of the quake, the 20m (65ft) upward thrust of the
seafloor set in motion a series of geological events that were to devastate the lives of millions.
Billions of tonnes of seawater, forced upward by the movement of the seabed now flowed away from
the fault in a series of giant waves.
The only people in the world to have any idea what had happened were thousands of kilometres
away on the island of Hawaii.
But, relying on seismic data alone, the scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre had no idea
the earthquake had unleashed an ocean–wide tsunami.
It was a full 50 minutes after they first picked up the tremors that they issued a warning of a possible
local tsunami.
Thirty minutes after the shaking had subsided, the first wave, travelling eastwards, crashed into
Sumatra.
On the shores directly facing the epicentre, the waves reached heights of 20m (65ft), stripping
vegetation from mountain sides 800m (0.5 mile) inland,
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On December 26, 2004 the world experienced the most devastating natural disaster to hit the Indian
Ocean. It was classified as a tsunami, a tsunami holding immense power equivalent to the destruction
of three nuclear bombs. Tsunami waves can become more than 30 feet high as they come into shore
and can rush miles inland across low–lying areas. The death tolls were astronomical causing much
grief, pain and depression throughout the world. "Estimates of the total toll from the eleven
countries hit by the disaster range from about 162 000 to 178 000. Tens of thousands more are
missing and many are presumed dead." (The star, 2005) A similar situation did occur in the past
where a similar atrocity erupted on the Pacific Ocean. It created...show more content...
The United States have also marshaled a fleet of aircraft carriers and helicopters to deliver relief
supplies (Globe and Mail, Jan 4, 2005); not to mention the doctors and nurses representing nations
from all over the globe taking time to volunteer their services in the shook countries.
I stop to wonder though, would we, the people of this world have compassion and the will to
donate any money if the media did not possess the power to influence or motivate? As it was
clearly stated by Johnson, "What happens when the camera crews go home?" (Globe and Mail,
Jan 4, 2005) The media has become an institutionalized necessity with the western culture. From a
sociological perspective, the media plans and organizes what the world should hear and know.
"Those deaths are mostly invisible to us, and those people died one at a time. They were not swept
away by an ocean wave before our eyes on CNN." (Globe and Mail, Jan 4, 2005) As you can see it
clearly stated in the article that if the media did not display the tsunami massacre on television or
any other sources of media, the world would be completely oblivious to the mass destruction.
Although it has been a great world effort to help the countries in need, matters such as AIDS has
caused much misery in Africa, but the teamwork, the deliverance of aid can not be weighed against
the relief aid given to Sri Lanka or Indonesia. For example, as it stated in the
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One Day Tsunami Research Paper
It was around 7:00 on the morning of December 26th, 2004 that planet earth shook. An earthquake
with its epicenter at the bottom of the Indian Ocean, just west of the Island of Sumatra, registered
an astonishing 9.5 on the Richter scale. It was so powerful it caused earth to wobble in its rotation.
This was an event that affected the earth globally. (1) Butts pg.104 In her book Stewart writes, "In
fact the earthquake that caused the tsunami was enough to affect the earths rotation so much as to
make that day December 26th to actually be a few milliseconds shorter than it should have been".
(2) Stewart pg. 10 The earthquake sent a Tsunami racing faster than a jet plane toward the southern
shores of Asia as well as the east coast...show more content...
How does an earthquake cause a tsunami? We live on Earths crust. The earths crust is broken up
into many parts and fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. These puzzle pieces are called "tectonic
plates" At times these plates move towards one another and push together. At other times they
move apart away from each other. The plates usually move slowly so we do not feel the
movement beneath us. There are times however that we do feel the movements. These movements
that we feel are called earthquakes as they shake the ground beneath us. There are two kinds of
plates one is referred to as the "continental plate" and the other is called the "oceanic plate". Just as
their names imply the plates that lie under the continents are continental plates and those that lie
under the ocean are "oceanic plates". As we have learned in class many of the worlds earthquakes
occur in what is called the ring of fire. The ring of fire is a vast area surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
The edges of some of Earths tectonic plates meet in this area. Since the plates meet up there they can
bump into each other. They can also move away or slide past one another. When this happens it can
cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Another factor in this formula for earthquakes are
something called faults. Faults are large fractures in the Earths crust. These fractures are found at the
edges of the tectonic plates. This is where most earthquakes happen. When an
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The Cause and Effect of the Tsunami in Thailand in 2004
The tsunami in Thailand that occurred on December 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami
catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1–9.3 earthquake along the
Indian–Australian subduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled
primarily in the east to west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern
Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves
and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyed thousands of miles of
coastline and even submerged entire islands permanently. Throughout the region, the tsunami killed
more than 150,000...show more content...
Fatally, it was so intense that it literally caused something far more deadly. The epicenter of this
earthquake was in the Indian Ocean, just off the western coast of the island of Sumatra. When the
Burma plate cracked, the unexpected movement shifted trillions of tons of water. Unfortunately, that
mass of water moved up to the ocean surface, where it stretched outward in violent waves. That is
why, they call it a tsunami since it usually occur underwater earthquakes, and these waves are
forced by the energy of the quake. Similarly, it can happen by coastal landslides, the collision of a
meteor, or the explosion of an underwater volcano. (Catastrophe in S.A. 12) Unfortunately, the
tsunami had rapidly sped up to the Thailand coast, estimated about 300 miles (482.8km) from the
earth quake's epicenter, and then moved to India and Sri Lanka. Sadly, the waves of the tsunami hit
hard and furious as fast as it came to the shoreline. The popular tourist resort of Phuket was badly hit,
and within hours, the aftermath of the tsunami killed hundreds of thousands of people, at least as
many missing, and such scenery had become unrecognizable throughout the area. One fisherman
name Bustami, was in his boat at the time when the quake hit. He describes the horrifying event that
he sensed a weird feeling of the ocean around him "That must have been when the earthquake hit,"
he remembers, "a sound I'd never heard before and I thought it was the sound of bombs"
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2004 Boxing Day Tsunami
Good morning/Afternoon, Today I will be discussing the reasoning for why people live in disaster
prone areas and the detrimental effects it has on society. I will be mainly focussing on Tsunamis
and the effects it can cause when in action. The case study I have chosen to assist this task is the,
2004 Boxing Day Tsunami event. Tsunamis can be shown as powerful waves that can rip through
anything taking anything down in its path. A tsunami cannot be prevented; however the impact of a
tsunami can be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and effective responses.
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that consist of very long wavelengths, they are caused by
large–scale disturbances of the ocean, some including; earthquakes,
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2004 Boxing Day Tsunami Case Study
I have always wondered why people live in disaster prone areas, there is nothing exciting about
being on guard and prepared for as catastrophic event, or is there?
Good morning/Afternoon, Today I will be discussing the reasoning for why people live in disaster
prone areas and the detrimental effects it has on society. I will be mainly focussing on Tsunamis
and the effects it can cause when in action. The case study I have chosen to assist this task is the,
2004 Boxing Day Tsunami event. Tsunamis can be shown as powerful waves that can rip through
anything taking anything down in its path. A tsunami cannot be prevented; however the impact of a
tsunami can be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and effective responses.
...show more content...
Tsunamis have wave lengths that can range from 10kms to 500kms and wave periods that last up to
an hour. In deep water, the typical water depth is around 4kms, therefore, a tsunami will travel
roughly at around more than 700km/h. As a result of their long wavelengths, Tsunamis act as
shallow–water waves. Shallow–water waves move at a speed of, C, which is dependent upon the
water depth. The formula for calculating shallow–water waves is C = square root of GH, where G is
the acceleration due to gravity and H is the depth of the water (Source taken from Bureau of
Meteorology). As Tsunamis approach shallow water along a coastline the waves start to slow down.
The waves that are further back start to catch up to those that are in front, which causes an increase
in height as they bunch
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A Report on the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Enormous forces that had been building
up deep within the earth for hundreds or perhaps thousands of years were suddenly released on
December 26, 2004, unleashing the energy of 475,000 kilotons of TNT or 23,000 Hiroshima–sized
atomic bombs. This event would come to be known as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and it would
result in a death toll of 283,000, the deadliest tsunami in history. This report examines information
surrounding how nature generates such a deadly phenomenon and its aftermath. Earthquake and
Tsunami Facts The term "tsunami" was internationally adopted in 1963 to describe this
phenomenon. The word is a combination of two Japanese characters, tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).
Tsunamis may be mistakenly referred to as "tidal waves," a misnomer, since tides have nothing to
do with tsunami formation. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by a rapid and large–scale
disturbance of the sea water. Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes, but they may also be
generated by volcanic eruptions, landslides, undersea slumps or meteor impacts ("NOAA reacts,"
2004). The tsunami–causing earthquake lasted for three to four minutes, which is the actual rupture
duration, that is, the time it took for the earthquake to happen on the fault and rupture its entire
length. The length of time that people felt the shaking varied according to their distance from the
fault, what type of bedrock they were on, what the
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2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Research Paper
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
Introduction
On the 26th of December ( Boxing Day) a monster earthquake and tsunami formed in the Indian
Ocean killing about a million people and displacing well over three million. The earthquake
measured 9.2 on the seismograph which is the third largest earthquake ever recorded. If you think
this is enough shortly after a tsunami formed battering countries all around the Indian Ocean with
monstrous swells and strong winds. The epicentre of this disaster was in the mainland of
Indonesia which also happened to be the worst every affected country followed by Sri Lanka then
India.This made the earth move over a centre metre and caused aftershocks in places as far away
as Alaska. This also prompted the biggest ever humanitarian response of over 14 billion dollars and
also thousands of workers to help in the huge clean up process which ended up to take about five
years to complete.
What is Humanitarian aid?
Humanitarian response is providing short term help to those in need while the government does not
have the money to look after all its citizens. Humanitarian aid is normally giving some of the
simplest things like water, clothes and shelter which at the time can be extremely...show more
content...
Indonesia is one of the most disaster–prone countries in the world meaning that there are over 100
earthquakes every year and also 130 active volcanoes. This means there are a lot of overseas aid
agencies that go over there to help.Over the years after the earthquake Red Cross alone provided
sanitation to over 2000 people and also built about 2100 homes for the displaced. The total
amount raised by Red Cross was about 125 million dollars which all went towards helping
Indonesia alone ( including pay for workers ). Along with this disaster Red Cross managed to make
a ambulance service in many parts of Indonesia and also trained a further sixty people with basic
first aid and ambulance
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Chile Tsunami 2004 Research Paper
In May 1960, the strong earthquake happened on the seabed of central and southern Chile triggered
a huge tsunami, which causes tens of thousands of people dead and missing; coastal port completely
paralyzed; 2 million people are homeless. The maximum wave height is 20–30 meters. Near vertical
waves destroy houses and sweep away crowds. its influence in the world is largest. it is also one of
the most serious tsunami disasters.
??The Chile tsunami also hit Russia on the Pacific coast. In the Kamchatka peninsula and nearby
Sakhalin island, the tsunami waves up to 6 ~ 7 meters, causing various degrees of damage and loss
to houses, ships, docks and personnel
The waves from the Chile tsunami were also about 7 to 8 meters high near the Philippine
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Comparing The 2004 Indian Ocean And Tsunami
The 2004 Indian Ocean and Tsunami, everyone has heard about this tragic experience before. It is
the third–largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph and had the longest duration of
faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. A Tsunami is a long high sea wave caused by
an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. For the book, Wave, there was family of
four where the brother, mom and dad went to Thailand to spend their winter break. The daughter
had decided to spend her winter break in New York City. In Thailand, there was aTsunami that had
struck the resort where the family had been staying at. The dad and his son went out to go and help
others while the mom stayed back in the hotel lobby. Or what was left of it.
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Boxing Day Tsunami Research Paper
The 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami was an horrific natural disaster. On Sunday 26th of December 2004
at 7.58 am local time there was an earthquake of a massive magnitude 9 on the Richter scale. The
earthquake struck off the northern tip of Sumatra in Indonesia. It was the result of the
Indio–Australian Plate subducting below the Eurasian Plate. Indonesia was hit by the tsunami first.
Forty–five minutes later it reached Thailand.
The tsunami caused devastation in coastal communities in Indonesia and eleven other countries.
More than 225 000 people died leaving families destroyed, children orphaned and people not
knowing if their loved ones were dead or alive. 500 000 people were left homeless adding to the
trauma of the disastrous event. Across the affected countries there were an estimated 5 million
people deprived of basic services such as clean water and sewage. This lead to...show more content...
Tourism was a large part of the economy in many areas hit and with buildings destroyed and tourist
having been killed the tourist industry took a big hit. This affected people's ability to earn a living
and an income to support their families. The fishing industry was also greatly affected with an
estimated 100 000 fishing boats damaged or destroyed.
Infrastructure needed for transport was severely damaged. Over 2000 miles of roads were swept
away. This made it more difficult to access and support communities affected by the tsunami.
The Australian government was a major contributor of aid, the highest contributor after the United
States. Immediately after the disaster struck the Australian government allocated 60 million in
disaster relief and within 36 hours' aid had been sent to Thailand. The Australian Defence Force and
the Red Cross both played extremely important roles in providing aid in the 2004 Boxing Day
Tsunami. Achievements for both groups was invaluable to the countries affected by the
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2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake Essay
The 9.0 magnitude Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by subduction under the Indian Ocean.
Earthquakes are usually caused by convection currents leading to subduction/convergent currents.
Convection currents is caused by magma rising from the deepest part of the earth, then slowly
cooling, sinking again then re–heating, then rising upwards basically repeating the rising and cooling
then re–heating cycle over and over again. The plates are separated from each other and they move
apart, the plates then obviously hit another plate right next to it causing subduction. This earthquake
was caused on the Oceanic crust, in the Indian Ocean, creating tsunamis that caused disasters and
thousands of life loss throughout the Indian Ocean basin. The...show more content...
People have a home but once the home is destroyed, there is no roof to stay under. Everything
such as money and belongings will be all gone meaning everyone will have to start over. People
would become greedy and criminal like since no one has anything left. If people see things that
are valuable, people will fight and argue to win that valuable thing causing war leading to death.
Everyone will starve because of hunger. No one will have the utensils and time to cook. If there
were things to cook with, there will be no crops or animals left to cook/eat. In conclusion, natural
disasters have a huge effect to the environment and people. War will start since everything would be
extremely valuable, everyone will fight to get what they need and want.
Preparation and/or recovery from your disaster:
To reduce the damage that earthquakes create, people construct buildings that are stable. Japan is
where there are lots of earthquakes but their buildings don't collapse. Japanese pagodas are five
stories. The pagodas are held up by a central pillar acting as the support. During earthquake's, each
floor balances independently without transmitting force to other floors.
There are other ways to improve buildings to reduce the impact of earthquakes. In some Japanese
buildings, there's a base isolation built. The "Base Isolation" is a system that is made of steel disks.
These steel disks are made of soft materials to soften the transmission of seismic movement from the
ground
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Cause And Effect Of Tsunami
Tsunami is huge masses of water that are caused by a variety of processes. The water very often
surges violently on to the land after traveling enormous distances across the oceans. They are some
of the most powerful and deadliest forces of nature. Within recent history, you may recall the 2004
Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Japan Tsunami. To understand tsunami well we must consider
two main issues: their causes and their effects.
The Indian Ocean tsunami happened after a massive earthquake hit somewhere south of the Indian
Ocean. The energy from the earthquake itself released more than every single explosive that was
detonated in world war 2 including the nuclear bombs. The earthquake caused Tsunamis all the way
up to 30 meters high. The wave smashed into Indonesia, South Asia, and the west coast of Africa.
Punching as deep as 2 kilometers inland in some places. The damage in these places was often
extensive.
The Indian Ocean tsunami caused the most deaths, while the Japan tsunami was the costliest in
terms of damage. That tsunami was also caused by an earthquake that caused tsunamis as high as
40.5 meters, only 5 meters short of the height of the Statue of Liberty. Which slammed into the
Japanese east coast that came 10 kilometers inland in some places. An estimated 300 billion dollars
in damage was done, which is higher than all of South Africa's GDP.
But those classes of tsunamis are called " Regular Tsunamis ". When there is a whole new class of
tsunamis that
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The Disaster Of Thailand Tsunami 2004
Averi Kessler
English 11A
Mrs.Siemieniak
27 October 2017
Thailand Tsunami 2004 On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake made wake to a huge
tsunami that affected 6 southwestern provinces of Thailand according to the American Medical
Association. The Tsunami came without warning and caused 5,395 deaths, 8,457 injuries, and left
2991 unaccounted for. It was known as The 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami, that is one of the deadliest
natural disasters in history. Many people were left without places to live and some lost their whole
family in this disaster. A movie called "The Impossible" was made to show the struggles one family
had to go through during the tsunami, as well as the people living there. Many people had to fight
through the...show more content...
The Thailand tsunami in 2004 was extremely devastating killing many in its wake when it struck
without warning and took everyone by surprise. Everyone had a different way of finding safety
during the tsunami and different ways of surviving. Some hung onto trees or whatever they could
to stay safe and alive, while others tried to rescue those in need and bring them to higher ground.
People came together to help complete strangers survive. According to the World Socialist a
tsunami can't be forecasted which makes it difficult to know when one may occur. The best way
they have to figure out if a tsunami may appear is to look at earthquakes. An earthquake can't be
forecasted either, but can be quickly detected. This in turn helps them predict where a possible
tsunami may be headed. A meeting took place with the Thai Meteorological Department when
they heard the news of an earthquake that could result into a tsunami in Thailand, but they
decided to not issue a warning. Every second counts during a tsunami because it travels up to
speeds of 800 kmh. Since nobody got any warning they had to find ways to survive while the
wave hit and pushed them in every direction. Many survivors talked about not knowing what was
going on when the earth beneath them began to shake and they saw this huge black wall that was
one giant wave. People were trying everything to stay above the water as long as they could while
being hit and cut by debris and being pulled
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Essay On Tsunami 2004

  • 1. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami And Earthquake For the Humanitarian Project I projected my views of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and Earthquake onto a newsletter. There were multiple sections included on the newsletter, like interviews of the survivors themselves and the effects that the crisis had on the surrounding countries. In my eyes, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and Earthquake compares to Hurricane Katrina, a category 5 hurricane that hit the United States, in many ways. It's kind of like us United States citizens can sympathize for the people in Asia because we can compare to what they went through, even though we experienced it after. Asia experienced many conflicts going through this crisis. With a magnitude of 9.3, the quake was the second largest earthquake in history. It killed about Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Cause And Effect Essay On Tsunamis Tsunami Assignment Cause Firstly tsunamis can be caused by landslides, Earthquakes and Volcanic eruptions. Most tsunamis are caused by massive earthquakes on the seafloor when parts of rock move past each other all of a sudden causing water to move. A tsunami is a large sequence of very large waves created by a sudden movement on the ocean's floor. Most earthquakes that create tsunamis happen in places around the world called the subduction zones this is where pieces of the earth's crust press up against each other. The subduction zone is where an oceanic plate is being forced down into the mantle by plate tectonic forces. The friction between the subducting plate and the overriding plate is huge. This friction helps prevent a slow and steady rate of subduction and instead the two plates become stuck. Tsunamis are caused in the open ocean and at first they can appear to be only tiny waves but they can grow very fast in size as they reach shallow water before crashing into villages, towns or even cities. How it is recorded / warnings including the use of primary and secondary waves A tsunami has a very long wavelength which can reach up to hundreds of kilometres. This means that the steepness or slope of the wave is very small so it is almost impossible to see with the human eye at first. But there are ocean observing tools that are able to detect tsunamis from a long rage now and is able to warn certain people that a Tsunami is coming. It took the National oceanic and atmospheric administration twenty years to make a reliable (tsunamograph). A tsunamograph is an instrument that gives people accurate real time data on tsunamis. There are different anchored ocean bottom pressure recorders at a depth of five thousand meters and most of the recorders area around the subduction zones since this is where most tsunamis happen all around the world. Example of recent event including damaged caused In March 2011, at 2:46pm local time the most powerful offshore earthquake hit the northeast coast of japan triggered a massive tsunami that reached the size of thirty nine meters. Firstly there was violent shaking for about three to five minutes and then the massive wave hit. The 8.9 magnitude earthquake washed away Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Essay On Tsunamis Since Tsunamis have occurred, there has been a considerable amount of destruction to buildings and structures. People have spend Millions in rebuilding these structures which is not benefiting the economy and this disaster has been continuously been in the news and also has been happening around the world especially in the Ring of Fire. This part of the world is disastrous as many seismic sea waves, earthquakes and volcanoes occur. [1] There are many problems relating to waves that affect people over the world. Some waves being very dangerous while other not as much. Tsunamis (Seismic sea Waves) is a series of very huge waves which are created by underwater disturbances including earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruptions or meteorites. [2] Tsunamis are one of the most deadliest and destructive disasters as...show more content... One major limitation to Curved seawalls or seawalls in general is that they ruin the view and scene for tourists. Although, seawalls protect and prevent any harm to human residence, a big tall concrete structure instead of an open area with a view will ruin the tourist attraction in an area. Coming to a beach, people and especially tourists would expect to have a beautiful scene with nothing blocking their sight. Would a concrete wall ruin tourists view on shorelines or beaches? This connects to a social aspect as people want to enjoy and have fun at the beach with sunny weather and also a great view, but with a big concrete wall, tourists and people would not feel that welcomed. This also connects to Beach reviews online as tourists might comment something negative about the scene and view. This also connects to an economical aspect because tourists will not be as attracted to the beach or shoreline as they used to be, meaning, that the workers in stores, shops or workers doing activities will not earn as much money as not many people would be there. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. 2004 Tsunami Research Paper The Day the Waves Road the City The 2004 tsunami was a major dent in today's history. It began as a normal day on December 26,2004. Everyone surfing, tanning, or just hanging around town with friends and family. . The day was sunny and dry, a perfect day to have some vacation fun. During all of the fun on the beach in the Indian Ocean an earthquake hits. No one thought of it and just began going back to their everyday things. A little while later the tide pulls back and there perfect day at the beach was about to end before their eyes. At 7:58 a.m. about 160 miles west in the Indian Ocean a tsunami starts to form. The tide pulls back at Sumatra and everyone instead of leaving and trying to take cover or reaching high land, they go out into Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Tsunami Of 2004 Research Paper On the day of December 26 of 2004 there was an earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia that caused massive Waves raging havoc and killing of an estimated 230,000 people the earthquake magnitude was a 9.3 this magnitude was as close as the earthquake chili incident in 1960 except this event had happened at sea instead of happening on land if this incident had occurred on land the devastation would have been on a larger scale The earthquake struck beneath the Indian Ocean 160 miles west of Sumatra. With a magnitude of 9.3 lasting nearly about 10 minutes. The quake moved a full 750 miles of underwater fault line up to 40 feet thus causing a massive displacement of water. Causing a tsunami the tsunami had been estimated to have had two Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Indian Ocean Tsunami Essay The impact of the Indian ocean tsunami How would you feel if you were told that you and your beloved ones will face a terrible disaster in only a few minutes and there was nothing you can do to survive? This is what happened in the Indian ocean tsunami that was on December 26, 2004 when a giant earthquake occurred in the Indian ocean and unleashed a series of killer waves towards more than thirteen countries in which the most affected ones were Sumatra in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Maldives. In this essay we will discuss the cause of this tsunami and its environmental, humanitarian and economic impact in the worst affected countries, Indonesia. First of all, to understand the meaning of the tsunami, we have to know first the causes of it. According to one of the world's leading experts in tsunami science and mitigation, Dr.Eddie N. Bernard, tsunami generally occurred when a sudden large disturbance happens in the undersea floor which generates a series of ocean waves more than 7 meter high called tsunami. A huge undersea earthquake, underwater landslides and volcanic eruptions are some examples of the sudden undersea disturbance. The Indian ocean tsunami in 2004 was caused by a huge undersea earthquake occurred in the west coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia and since it was one of the biggest earthquake that ever happened over the past 40 years, it triggered the deadliest tsunami in the history (NOAA). Regarding to the environmental impact of the Indian ocean Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Essay on The Tsunami Disaster The Tsunami Disaster At 0059 GMT on 26 December 2004, a magnitude 9.3 earthquake ripped apart the seafloor off the coast of northwest Sumatra. Over 100 years of accumulated stress was released in the second biggest earthquake in recorded history. It unleashed a devastating tsunami that travelled thousands of kilometres across the Indian Ocean, taking the lives of nearly 300,000 people in countries as far apart as Indonesia, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Somalia. THE EARTHQUAKE Two hundred and forty kilometres (150 miles) off the coast of Sumatra, deep under the ocean floor, at the boundary between two of the world's tectonic plates, lay a 1,200km (745...show more content... "We were astonished to find ourselves walking through a pristine marine ecosystem, missing only its multitude of colours, its fish, and its water," said Professor Kerry Sieh, from the California Institute of Technology, US. Yet, when the shaking from the earthquake subsided, no–one had any idea that the tremors had set in motion something far more deadly – a tsunami. THE TSUNAMI Deep under the Indian Ocean, at the epicentre of the quake, the 20m (65ft) upward thrust of the seafloor set in motion a series of geological events that were to devastate the lives of millions. Billions of tonnes of seawater, forced upward by the movement of the seabed now flowed away from the fault in a series of giant waves. The only people in the world to have any idea what had happened were thousands of kilometres away on the island of Hawaii. But, relying on seismic data alone, the scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre had no idea the earthquake had unleashed an ocean–wide tsunami. It was a full 50 minutes after they first picked up the tremors that they issued a warning of a possible local tsunami. Thirty minutes after the shaking had subsided, the first wave, travelling eastwards, crashed into Sumatra.
  • 8. On the shores directly facing the epicentre, the waves reached heights of 20m (65ft), stripping vegetation from mountain sides 800m (0.5 mile) inland, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. On December 26, 2004 the world experienced the most devastating natural disaster to hit the Indian Ocean. It was classified as a tsunami, a tsunami holding immense power equivalent to the destruction of three nuclear bombs. Tsunami waves can become more than 30 feet high as they come into shore and can rush miles inland across low–lying areas. The death tolls were astronomical causing much grief, pain and depression throughout the world. "Estimates of the total toll from the eleven countries hit by the disaster range from about 162 000 to 178 000. Tens of thousands more are missing and many are presumed dead." (The star, 2005) A similar situation did occur in the past where a similar atrocity erupted on the Pacific Ocean. It created...show more content... The United States have also marshaled a fleet of aircraft carriers and helicopters to deliver relief supplies (Globe and Mail, Jan 4, 2005); not to mention the doctors and nurses representing nations from all over the globe taking time to volunteer their services in the shook countries. I stop to wonder though, would we, the people of this world have compassion and the will to donate any money if the media did not possess the power to influence or motivate? As it was clearly stated by Johnson, "What happens when the camera crews go home?" (Globe and Mail, Jan 4, 2005) The media has become an institutionalized necessity with the western culture. From a sociological perspective, the media plans and organizes what the world should hear and know. "Those deaths are mostly invisible to us, and those people died one at a time. They were not swept away by an ocean wave before our eyes on CNN." (Globe and Mail, Jan 4, 2005) As you can see it clearly stated in the article that if the media did not display the tsunami massacre on television or any other sources of media, the world would be completely oblivious to the mass destruction. Although it has been a great world effort to help the countries in need, matters such as AIDS has caused much misery in Africa, but the teamwork, the deliverance of aid can not be weighed against the relief aid given to Sri Lanka or Indonesia. For example, as it stated in the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. One Day Tsunami Research Paper It was around 7:00 on the morning of December 26th, 2004 that planet earth shook. An earthquake with its epicenter at the bottom of the Indian Ocean, just west of the Island of Sumatra, registered an astonishing 9.5 on the Richter scale. It was so powerful it caused earth to wobble in its rotation. This was an event that affected the earth globally. (1) Butts pg.104 In her book Stewart writes, "In fact the earthquake that caused the tsunami was enough to affect the earths rotation so much as to make that day December 26th to actually be a few milliseconds shorter than it should have been". (2) Stewart pg. 10 The earthquake sent a Tsunami racing faster than a jet plane toward the southern shores of Asia as well as the east coast...show more content... How does an earthquake cause a tsunami? We live on Earths crust. The earths crust is broken up into many parts and fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. These puzzle pieces are called "tectonic plates" At times these plates move towards one another and push together. At other times they move apart away from each other. The plates usually move slowly so we do not feel the movement beneath us. There are times however that we do feel the movements. These movements that we feel are called earthquakes as they shake the ground beneath us. There are two kinds of plates one is referred to as the "continental plate" and the other is called the "oceanic plate". Just as their names imply the plates that lie under the continents are continental plates and those that lie under the ocean are "oceanic plates". As we have learned in class many of the worlds earthquakes occur in what is called the ring of fire. The ring of fire is a vast area surrounding the Pacific Ocean. The edges of some of Earths tectonic plates meet in this area. Since the plates meet up there they can bump into each other. They can also move away or slide past one another. When this happens it can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Another factor in this formula for earthquakes are something called faults. Faults are large fractures in the Earths crust. These fractures are found at the edges of the tectonic plates. This is where most earthquakes happen. When an Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. The Cause and Effect of the Tsunami in Thailand in 2004 The tsunami in Thailand that occurred on December 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1–9.3 earthquake along the Indian–Australian subduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled primarily in the east to west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyed thousands of miles of coastline and even submerged entire islands permanently. Throughout the region, the tsunami killed more than 150,000...show more content... Fatally, it was so intense that it literally caused something far more deadly. The epicenter of this earthquake was in the Indian Ocean, just off the western coast of the island of Sumatra. When the Burma plate cracked, the unexpected movement shifted trillions of tons of water. Unfortunately, that mass of water moved up to the ocean surface, where it stretched outward in violent waves. That is why, they call it a tsunami since it usually occur underwater earthquakes, and these waves are forced by the energy of the quake. Similarly, it can happen by coastal landslides, the collision of a meteor, or the explosion of an underwater volcano. (Catastrophe in S.A. 12) Unfortunately, the tsunami had rapidly sped up to the Thailand coast, estimated about 300 miles (482.8km) from the earth quake's epicenter, and then moved to India and Sri Lanka. Sadly, the waves of the tsunami hit hard and furious as fast as it came to the shoreline. The popular tourist resort of Phuket was badly hit, and within hours, the aftermath of the tsunami killed hundreds of thousands of people, at least as many missing, and such scenery had become unrecognizable throughout the area. One fisherman name Bustami, was in his boat at the time when the quake hit. He describes the horrifying event that he sensed a weird feeling of the ocean around him "That must have been when the earthquake hit," he remembers, "a sound I'd never heard before and I thought it was the sound of bombs" Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami Good morning/Afternoon, Today I will be discussing the reasoning for why people live in disaster prone areas and the detrimental effects it has on society. I will be mainly focussing on Tsunamis and the effects it can cause when in action. The case study I have chosen to assist this task is the, 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami event. Tsunamis can be shown as powerful waves that can rip through anything taking anything down in its path. A tsunami cannot be prevented; however the impact of a tsunami can be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and effective responses. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that consist of very long wavelengths, they are caused by large–scale disturbances of the ocean, some including; earthquakes, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami Case Study I have always wondered why people live in disaster prone areas, there is nothing exciting about being on guard and prepared for as catastrophic event, or is there? Good morning/Afternoon, Today I will be discussing the reasoning for why people live in disaster prone areas and the detrimental effects it has on society. I will be mainly focussing on Tsunamis and the effects it can cause when in action. The case study I have chosen to assist this task is the, 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami event. Tsunamis can be shown as powerful waves that can rip through anything taking anything down in its path. A tsunami cannot be prevented; however the impact of a tsunami can be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and effective responses. ...show more content... Tsunamis have wave lengths that can range from 10kms to 500kms and wave periods that last up to an hour. In deep water, the typical water depth is around 4kms, therefore, a tsunami will travel roughly at around more than 700km/h. As a result of their long wavelengths, Tsunamis act as shallow–water waves. Shallow–water waves move at a speed of, C, which is dependent upon the water depth. The formula for calculating shallow–water waves is C = square root of GH, where G is the acceleration due to gravity and H is the depth of the water (Source taken from Bureau of Meteorology). As Tsunamis approach shallow water along a coastline the waves start to slow down. The waves that are further back start to catch up to those that are in front, which causes an increase in height as they bunch Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. A Report on the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Enormous forces that had been building up deep within the earth for hundreds or perhaps thousands of years were suddenly released on December 26, 2004, unleashing the energy of 475,000 kilotons of TNT or 23,000 Hiroshima–sized atomic bombs. This event would come to be known as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and it would result in a death toll of 283,000, the deadliest tsunami in history. This report examines information surrounding how nature generates such a deadly phenomenon and its aftermath. Earthquake and Tsunami Facts The term "tsunami" was internationally adopted in 1963 to describe this phenomenon. The word is a combination of two Japanese characters, tsu (harbor) and nami (wave). Tsunamis may be mistakenly referred to as "tidal waves," a misnomer, since tides have nothing to do with tsunami formation. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by a rapid and large–scale disturbance of the sea water. Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes, but they may also be generated by volcanic eruptions, landslides, undersea slumps or meteor impacts ("NOAA reacts," 2004). The tsunami–causing earthquake lasted for three to four minutes, which is the actual rupture duration, that is, the time it took for the earthquake to happen on the fault and rupture its entire length. The length of time that people felt the shaking varied according to their distance from the fault, what type of bedrock they were on, what the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Research Paper 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami Introduction On the 26th of December ( Boxing Day) a monster earthquake and tsunami formed in the Indian Ocean killing about a million people and displacing well over three million. The earthquake measured 9.2 on the seismograph which is the third largest earthquake ever recorded. If you think this is enough shortly after a tsunami formed battering countries all around the Indian Ocean with monstrous swells and strong winds. The epicentre of this disaster was in the mainland of Indonesia which also happened to be the worst every affected country followed by Sri Lanka then India.This made the earth move over a centre metre and caused aftershocks in places as far away as Alaska. This also prompted the biggest ever humanitarian response of over 14 billion dollars and also thousands of workers to help in the huge clean up process which ended up to take about five years to complete. What is Humanitarian aid? Humanitarian response is providing short term help to those in need while the government does not have the money to look after all its citizens. Humanitarian aid is normally giving some of the simplest things like water, clothes and shelter which at the time can be extremely...show more content... Indonesia is one of the most disaster–prone countries in the world meaning that there are over 100 earthquakes every year and also 130 active volcanoes. This means there are a lot of overseas aid agencies that go over there to help.Over the years after the earthquake Red Cross alone provided sanitation to over 2000 people and also built about 2100 homes for the displaced. The total amount raised by Red Cross was about 125 million dollars which all went towards helping Indonesia alone ( including pay for workers ). Along with this disaster Red Cross managed to make a ambulance service in many parts of Indonesia and also trained a further sixty people with basic first aid and ambulance Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Chile Tsunami 2004 Research Paper In May 1960, the strong earthquake happened on the seabed of central and southern Chile triggered a huge tsunami, which causes tens of thousands of people dead and missing; coastal port completely paralyzed; 2 million people are homeless. The maximum wave height is 20–30 meters. Near vertical waves destroy houses and sweep away crowds. its influence in the world is largest. it is also one of the most serious tsunami disasters. ??The Chile tsunami also hit Russia on the Pacific coast. In the Kamchatka peninsula and nearby Sakhalin island, the tsunami waves up to 6 ~ 7 meters, causing various degrees of damage and loss to houses, ships, docks and personnel The waves from the Chile tsunami were also about 7 to 8 meters high near the Philippine Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Comparing The 2004 Indian Ocean And Tsunami The 2004 Indian Ocean and Tsunami, everyone has heard about this tragic experience before. It is the third–largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph and had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. A Tsunami is a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. For the book, Wave, there was family of four where the brother, mom and dad went to Thailand to spend their winter break. The daughter had decided to spend her winter break in New York City. In Thailand, there was aTsunami that had struck the resort where the family had been staying at. The dad and his son went out to go and help others while the mom stayed back in the hotel lobby. Or what was left of it. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Boxing Day Tsunami Research Paper The 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami was an horrific natural disaster. On Sunday 26th of December 2004 at 7.58 am local time there was an earthquake of a massive magnitude 9 on the Richter scale. The earthquake struck off the northern tip of Sumatra in Indonesia. It was the result of the Indio–Australian Plate subducting below the Eurasian Plate. Indonesia was hit by the tsunami first. Forty–five minutes later it reached Thailand. The tsunami caused devastation in coastal communities in Indonesia and eleven other countries. More than 225 000 people died leaving families destroyed, children orphaned and people not knowing if their loved ones were dead or alive. 500 000 people were left homeless adding to the trauma of the disastrous event. Across the affected countries there were an estimated 5 million people deprived of basic services such as clean water and sewage. This lead to...show more content... Tourism was a large part of the economy in many areas hit and with buildings destroyed and tourist having been killed the tourist industry took a big hit. This affected people's ability to earn a living and an income to support their families. The fishing industry was also greatly affected with an estimated 100 000 fishing boats damaged or destroyed. Infrastructure needed for transport was severely damaged. Over 2000 miles of roads were swept away. This made it more difficult to access and support communities affected by the tsunami. The Australian government was a major contributor of aid, the highest contributor after the United States. Immediately after the disaster struck the Australian government allocated 60 million in disaster relief and within 36 hours' aid had been sent to Thailand. The Australian Defence Force and the Red Cross both played extremely important roles in providing aid in the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami. Achievements for both groups was invaluable to the countries affected by the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake Essay The 9.0 magnitude Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by subduction under the Indian Ocean. Earthquakes are usually caused by convection currents leading to subduction/convergent currents. Convection currents is caused by magma rising from the deepest part of the earth, then slowly cooling, sinking again then re–heating, then rising upwards basically repeating the rising and cooling then re–heating cycle over and over again. The plates are separated from each other and they move apart, the plates then obviously hit another plate right next to it causing subduction. This earthquake was caused on the Oceanic crust, in the Indian Ocean, creating tsunamis that caused disasters and thousands of life loss throughout the Indian Ocean basin. The...show more content... People have a home but once the home is destroyed, there is no roof to stay under. Everything such as money and belongings will be all gone meaning everyone will have to start over. People would become greedy and criminal like since no one has anything left. If people see things that are valuable, people will fight and argue to win that valuable thing causing war leading to death. Everyone will starve because of hunger. No one will have the utensils and time to cook. If there were things to cook with, there will be no crops or animals left to cook/eat. In conclusion, natural disasters have a huge effect to the environment and people. War will start since everything would be extremely valuable, everyone will fight to get what they need and want. Preparation and/or recovery from your disaster: To reduce the damage that earthquakes create, people construct buildings that are stable. Japan is where there are lots of earthquakes but their buildings don't collapse. Japanese pagodas are five stories. The pagodas are held up by a central pillar acting as the support. During earthquake's, each floor balances independently without transmitting force to other floors. There are other ways to improve buildings to reduce the impact of earthquakes. In some Japanese buildings, there's a base isolation built. The "Base Isolation" is a system that is made of steel disks. These steel disks are made of soft materials to soften the transmission of seismic movement from the ground Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Cause And Effect Of Tsunami Tsunami is huge masses of water that are caused by a variety of processes. The water very often surges violently on to the land after traveling enormous distances across the oceans. They are some of the most powerful and deadliest forces of nature. Within recent history, you may recall the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Japan Tsunami. To understand tsunami well we must consider two main issues: their causes and their effects. The Indian Ocean tsunami happened after a massive earthquake hit somewhere south of the Indian Ocean. The energy from the earthquake itself released more than every single explosive that was detonated in world war 2 including the nuclear bombs. The earthquake caused Tsunamis all the way up to 30 meters high. The wave smashed into Indonesia, South Asia, and the west coast of Africa. Punching as deep as 2 kilometers inland in some places. The damage in these places was often extensive. The Indian Ocean tsunami caused the most deaths, while the Japan tsunami was the costliest in terms of damage. That tsunami was also caused by an earthquake that caused tsunamis as high as 40.5 meters, only 5 meters short of the height of the Statue of Liberty. Which slammed into the Japanese east coast that came 10 kilometers inland in some places. An estimated 300 billion dollars in damage was done, which is higher than all of South Africa's GDP. But those classes of tsunamis are called " Regular Tsunamis ". When there is a whole new class of tsunamis that Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 21. The Disaster Of Thailand Tsunami 2004 Averi Kessler English 11A Mrs.Siemieniak 27 October 2017 Thailand Tsunami 2004 On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake made wake to a huge tsunami that affected 6 southwestern provinces of Thailand according to the American Medical Association. The Tsunami came without warning and caused 5,395 deaths, 8,457 injuries, and left 2991 unaccounted for. It was known as The 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami, that is one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. Many people were left without places to live and some lost their whole family in this disaster. A movie called "The Impossible" was made to show the struggles one family had to go through during the tsunami, as well as the people living there. Many people had to fight through the...show more content... The Thailand tsunami in 2004 was extremely devastating killing many in its wake when it struck without warning and took everyone by surprise. Everyone had a different way of finding safety during the tsunami and different ways of surviving. Some hung onto trees or whatever they could to stay safe and alive, while others tried to rescue those in need and bring them to higher ground. People came together to help complete strangers survive. According to the World Socialist a tsunami can't be forecasted which makes it difficult to know when one may occur. The best way they have to figure out if a tsunami may appear is to look at earthquakes. An earthquake can't be forecasted either, but can be quickly detected. This in turn helps them predict where a possible tsunami may be headed. A meeting took place with the Thai Meteorological Department when they heard the news of an earthquake that could result into a tsunami in Thailand, but they decided to not issue a warning. Every second counts during a tsunami because it travels up to speeds of 800 kmh. Since nobody got any warning they had to find ways to survive while the wave hit and pushed them in every direction. Many survivors talked about not knowing what was going on when the earth beneath them began to shake and they saw this huge black wall that was one giant wave. People were trying everything to stay above the water as long as they could while being hit and cut by debris and being pulled Get more content on HelpWriting.net