جزوه آموزشی استاندارد

1. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
١
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ASME،AWS,API
‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮدآوري‬:‫ﺗﻘﻮي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ‬.
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬:‫رﻓﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻮرﻳﺎ‬.

2. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
٢
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘ‬‫ﺪﻣﻪ‬.........................................................................................................................................................٥
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬..................................................................................................................................................٦
CODES & SPECIFICATIONS ■......................................................................................................................٦
RP (RECOMMENDED PRACTICE) ■..............................................................................................................٧
METHODS ■............................................................................................................................................٧
CODE CASES ■.........................................................................................................................................٧
INTERPRETATION ■..................................................................................................................................٧
GUIDES & RP ■.......................................................................................................................................٨
ERRATA ■...............................................................................................................................................٨
‫و‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮا‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺶ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.........................................................................................................................................٨
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬API‫و‬ASME‫و‬AWS‫و‬.......................................................................................................................٩
١(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ASME........................................................................................................................١١
☼‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME SEC VIII..................................................................................................................١١
2(‫ﮔﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫از‬‫ي‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME SEC VIII................................................................................١٣
■‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬‫ة‬‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ASME SEC VIII................................................................................................................١٣
■‫ﺗﻐ‬‫ﻴﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓﺮم‬OUT-OF-ROUNDNESS‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬...............................................................................................١٣
■‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬‫ي‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬)WELDED JOINT CATEGORY(....................................................................١٤
■‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎﺻﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬................................................................................................................١٥
■‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬.........................................................................................................................١٦
■SPIN HOLES.......................................................................................................................................١٧
■PEENING...........................................................................................................................................١٩
3(‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ي‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜﺴﺎن‬)UNEQUAL THICKNESSES(.......................................................................٢٠
☼‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ي‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜﺴﺎن‬‫در‬ASME SEC VIII DIV.1............................................................................٢٠
☼‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ي‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜﺴﺎن‬‫در‬API 620................................................................................................٢١
☼‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ي‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜﺴﺎن‬‫در‬ASME B31.3.........................................................................................٢٢
☼‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ي‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜﺴﺎن‬‫در‬ASME B16.47........................................................................................٢٤
4(‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬‫ة‬QUALIFY‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜﺴﺎن‬‫در‬PQR........................................................................................٢٥
۵(‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ي‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B31.3‫ﻛﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫از‬................................................................................................٢٦
☼‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫از‬ASME B31.3...................................................................................................................٢٧
6(ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ي‬‫راد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮاﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬......................................................................................٢٩
■ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA‫در‬‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬‫ﺳﺮو‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﻐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫از‬HIGH PRESSURE.................................................................٢٩

3. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
٣
■ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA‫در‬‫ﺳﺮو‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺲ‬HIGH PRESSURE..................................................................................٣١
7(WPS‫و‬WQT........................................................................................................................................٣٢
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬ASME SEC VIII.........................................................................................................٣٢
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ذﺧ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬API 650 (2003)........................................................................٣٢
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬API 620 (2004)...........................................................................................................٣٢
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬API 1104 (1999).........................................................................................................٣٢
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬B31.3........................................................................................................................٣٢
■WPS‫و‬WQT‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬‫ﺳﺮو‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﻐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮاز‬‫ﺳﺮو‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺲ‬Pressure Piping‫در‬B31.3..............................................٣٢
■WPS‫و‬WQT‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬‫ﺳﺮو‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺲ‬Pressure Piping‫در‬B31.3..........................................................................٣٣
8(‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬WPS‫د‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﮕﺮان‬.........................................................................................................................٣٤
■‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬WPS‫د‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﮕﺮان‬‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬‫ﺳﺮو‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﺠﺰ‬PRESSURE PIPING...............................................................٣٤
■‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬WPS‫د‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﮕﺮان‬‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬‫ﺳﺮو‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺲ‬PRESSURE PIPING.............................................................................٣٤
9(PREHEAT...........................................................................................................................................٣٥
☼‫ﭘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺶ‬‫ﮔﺮم‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎز‬‫ن‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬..............................................................................................................٣٥
☼‫ﭘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺶ‬‫ﮔﺮم‬‫در‬PIPING.............................................................................................................................٣٨
■‫ﺗﻐ‬‫ﻴﻴ‬‫ﺮ‬RECOMMENDATIONS‫ﺑﻪ‬REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................٤٠
10(PWHT (POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT).......................................................................................٤١
☼PWHT‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬..............................................................................................................٤١
■HEATING RATE....................................................................................................................................٤٦
■COOLING RATE...................................................................................................................................٤٦
■‫ﺗﻌﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮات‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫ﭘﺲ‬‫از‬PWHT....................................................................................................................٤٦
■‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬TEMPER BEAD WELDING...............................................................................................................٤٧
☼PWHT‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬PIPING............................................................................................................................٤٩
11(‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬)CHARPY V-NOTCH(........................................................................................................٥١
☼‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺤﺖ‬‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ASME SEC VIII DIV. 1...........................................................................٥١
1-‫اﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻞ‬Carbon Steel Materials.................................................................................................۵٨
2-‫اﺳﺘ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻞ‬Stainless Steel Materials..........................................................................................۶٣
☼‫ﻣﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎر‬‫ﭘﺬ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮش‬‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬‫در‬PIPING:......................................................................................................٦٣
12(UNIFORM NUMBERING SYSTEM (UNS)..........................................................................................٦٥
١٣(‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ي‬‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎل‬................................................................................................................................٦٥
14(CONSUMABLE INSERT....................................................................................................................٦٩
15(HIGH-LOW‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ِ.................................................................................................................................٧٠
☼HIGH-LOWِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫در‬ASME SEC VIII DIV.1............................................................................................٧٠

4. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
٤
☼HIGH-LOWِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫در‬API 650......................................................................................................٧٠
☼HIGH-LOWِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫در‬API 620......................................................................................................٧٠
☼HIGH-LOWِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫در‬PIPING‫در‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B31.3.......................................................................................٧١
☼HIGH-LOWِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫در‬PIPELINE‫در‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬API 1104...............................................................................٧٢
16(REINFORCEMENT‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ِ...........................................................................................................٧٣
☼REINFORCEMENTِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬..................................................................................٧٣
☼REINFORCEMENTِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬API 620.....................................................................................٧٣
☼REINFORCEMENTِ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬API 650.....................................................................................٧٣
17(‫ﻣﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎر‬U/C (UNDERCUT)‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬ ‫در‬.................................................................................................٧٤
☼‫ﻣﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎر‬U/C‫در‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬API..................................................................................................................٧٤
☼U/C‫در‬ASME SEC VIII DIV.1.............................................................................................................٧٤
☼U/C‫در‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME B31.3.............................................................................................................٧٥
18(LEAK TEST.......................................................................................................................................٧٧
19(JOINT EFFICIENCIES.......................................................................................................................٧٨
20(‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮط‬‫ي‬‫راد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮاﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬.........................................................................................................٧٩
21(‫رو‬ ‫ﻧﺎزل‬‫ي‬‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬...............................................................................................................................٨٠
☼‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬‫ﻧﺎزل‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ASME SEC. VIII..........................................................٨٠
☼‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬‫ﻧﺎزل‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ذﺧ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬API 650........................................................................٨١
22(‫راد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮاﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬..........................................................................................................................................٨٢
☼‫راد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮاﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ASME SEC. VIII...................................................................................٨٢
■‫راد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮاﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ‬)Flanges(................................................................................................................٨۴
23(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬API 1104 (1999)...................................................................................................................٨٧
■‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬‫ي‬‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎل‬...............................................................................................................................٨٧
■‫وﺿﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﻌﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮات‬‫ﺟﻮش‬‫در‬‫ا‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻦ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬...................................................................................................٨٨
23(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬API 5L (2000).......................................................................................................................٩٠
■PSL 1‫و‬PSL 2....................................................................................................................................٩٠
■‫ﺗﻌﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮات‬‫ﺟﻮش‬....................................................................................................................................٩١
■‫راد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮاﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬.........................................................................................................................................٩٢
■‫ﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰان‬‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬LAMINATION......................................................................................................................٩٤
■‫ﺗﻠﺮاﻧﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ي‬‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬....................................................................................................................................٩٥
■DENTS...............................................................................................................................................٩٦
■‫ﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰان‬‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬UNDER CUT........................................................................................................................٩٦

5. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻢ‬‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ،‫اﻧﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫درود‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺮش‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣﻄ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎك‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺪان‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫آل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ّﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ّﻬ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟ‬
‫داﺷﺘﻢ‬ ‫دوﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬‫ﻣﺨـﺎزن‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫روزﻣـﺮه‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫و‬Piping‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬
Pipe Line‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫را‬‫آوري‬‫ﺑﮕﺬ‬ ‫رﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪان‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻢ‬‫زﻧـﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫ارم‬
‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬.‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺎت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫و‬‫را‬ ‫دﻳﺮﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫آرزوي‬‫دﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ا‬.‫ﻗﻠـﺐ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫واﻗﻌ‬ ‫ﭼﻮن‬ ،
‫ﺣﻤﺪاﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻳﺰم‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻧﺪوﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻢ‬ ‫دوﺳﺖ‬‫را‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫رﻓﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬ ‫آﻗﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻼش‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﺣﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوه‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻛﺎر‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪا‬‫دارد‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻤﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﺸﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮدﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﺴﺎﻋﺪت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻤـﻚ‬ ‫ﺟـﺰوه‬ ‫اﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴـﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣـﺮا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرداﻧﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬.‫ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻳـﺸﺎن‬ ‫از‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻓـﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨـﺎزن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوه‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻣﻴﺪوارم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺬارم‬Piping‫و‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬Pipe line‫ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮده‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫را‬.‫اﻣـﺎ‬ ،‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوه‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬‫اﻧﺸﺎا‬...‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻳـﺰم‬ ‫ﺑﺮادران‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺟﺰوه‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ‬ ‫ﺿـﻤﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﻋﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮادران‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎس‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرﻩ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬٠٩١۶۶١٧۴٢١٨‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮم‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎس‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫آل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﺎي‬ ‫اﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ّﻬﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫آل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﺎت‬.‫ارزﻗﻨﻲ‬ ‫ّﻠﻬﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬ ‫ﺻﺪق‬ ‫ﻗﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻮرود‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬‫اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬‫اﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫و‬‫اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
)‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬(
‫روزاﻓﺰون‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ‫آرزوي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮادر‬‫ا‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ‬.
‫اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ‬1387.
٥

6. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘ‬‫ﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬.
‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬:
Standards
٦
Codes Specifications RP Guides Methods Code Cases Interpretation Errata
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬AWS CC-RM D1.1‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬1،‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬Code‫و‬Standard‫و‬Specification‫و‬Guide‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬:
A Code is "a body of lows"; as of a nation, state or industry group; arranged systematically for ease of
use and reference; Example included AWS D1.1, API 1104, ASME Sec VIII, MIL Spec 248D.
‫ﻛﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫در‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬.
A Standard is "established for use as a 'rule' or basis of comparison in measuring quality, quantity,
content, relative value, etc. " ASTM Standards for various products such as ASTM A36 for weldable
structural steels, is an example.
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮي‬ ،‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ،‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.
A Specification is "a detailed description of parts of a whole; a statement or enumeration of
particulars as to actual or required quality, size, etc." AWS Filler Metal Specifications A5.1 through
A5.31 are examples.
Specification‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫واﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬
AWS A5.1 – A5.31‫ﭘﺮدازد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
A Guide (Self-explanatory) is a document of the same class; AWS B1.11 Guide for the Visual
Examination of Welds, is an example.
Guide‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ردة‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﻛﻲ‬ ،.‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬AWS B1.11 Guide‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬.
Codes & Specifications ■
÷
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬1:‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬Specification‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬AWS WHB 5 CH-6

7. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
Specification‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬Code‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫واژه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Shall‫و‬Will‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫اﺟﺒﺎري‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻲ‬.‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬Code‫و‬Specification‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﺴﺖ‬‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬Codes‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺟﺒﺎري‬ ،‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ‬Specification‫اﺷﺎرة‬ ‫درﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬Codes‫ﻣﻴﺎﺑـ‬ ‫ﺿـﺮورت‬ ‫ﭘـﺮوژه‬ ‫ﻣﺪارك‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺪ‬.‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬Specification‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬
‫دارد‬ ‫اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.
RP (Recommended Practice) ■
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬(GTAW)AWS– RP C5.5‫ﺧـﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫روش‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬‫روش‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬GTAW.‫ﭘﻴﺸ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎدي‬AWS‫اﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫روش‬.‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺟﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬RP‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان‬WPS‫اﻧﺠـﺎم‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬.
Methods ■
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ASTM‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮ‬‫ﻋﻪ‬‫روي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬Material‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.
Code Cases ■
Code Case‫ﺑـﺼﻮرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴـﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮال‬.‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫درك‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Code Case‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫رد‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1App.16-1 (b)‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬2:‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬Code Cases‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1App.16-1 (b)
Interpretation ■
‫ﺳﻮاﻻت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫آﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﻻﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﺎر‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫از‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪه‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﺳﻮاﻻت‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫وﺿﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫در‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺎد‬Interpretation‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.
‫ﻣﺜ‬‫ﺎل‬1:‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ASME B31.1‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺮاﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان‬ ‫آﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮال‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬‫درﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫زاﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬‫ﻣﺎﻳﺘﺮ‬‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬Interpretation B31.1‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪه‬.
٧
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬3:ASME B31.1 Interpretation

8. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
Guides & RP ■
Guide‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬RP‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫واﻓﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ، ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎد‬‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ه‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬Should‫و‬May‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬.‫ﻫﺪف‬
Guide‫دادن‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬Code‫ﻧﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬.ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻄﻘ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫درك‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬AWS WHB 5 CH.6‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬Definition‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬4:‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬Guide‫و‬RP‫در‬AWS WHB 5 CH.6
Errata ■
‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﭘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻄﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﻏﻠ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻄﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭼﺎﭘﻲ‬ ‫ﻄﻬﺎي‬.‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻄﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰم‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ، ‫ﻏﻠﻄﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻗﺪام‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺮع‬ ‫در‬.
‫در‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮرات‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ASME
1.Mandatory:‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮرات‬ ‫اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
2.Nonmandatory:‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﺗﻴﺴﺖ‬.
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
ASME Codes‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ،‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬Addenda‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ﺧﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬6‫ﻣﺎه‬‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ،‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫از‬
Mandatory‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬Errata‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ،‫درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬.
API‫ﻫﺮ‬5‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺒﺎر‬ ،‫ﺳﺎل‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬5:API 510 Special Note
٨

9. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬API‫و‬ASME‫و‬AWS‫و‬...
‫در‬AWS WHB-5 CH-6‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ، ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬.
‫ﺷ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬6:AWS WHB-5 CH-6
API
- API Std. 620: (15 psi) ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
- API Std. 650: ‫اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮي‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
- API Std. 653: ‫اي‬ ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
- API Std. 510: ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫وﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
- API Std. 570: ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
- API Spec. 5L: ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
- API Std. 1104: ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬
- API RP 1107: ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫وﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
- API RP 1110: ‫ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪروﺗﺴﺖ‬
AWS
- AWS A2.4: ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
- AWS A3.3: ‫اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬‫ﺟﻮش‬
- AWS D3.0: ‫آب‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬
- AWS A5.1-A5.31: ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬ ‫درﺑﺎره‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬
٩

10. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
١٠
- AWS (WHB-1) – (WHB-5): ‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫درﺑﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬
- AWS D1.1: ‫ﻓﻠﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
- AWS D1.2: ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎزه‬
- AWS D1.5: ‫ﭘﻠﻬﺎ‬
ASME
- ASME Sec. II Part A: ‫آﻫﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬
- ASME Sec. II Part B: ‫آﻫﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬
- ASME Sec. II Part C: ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬
- ASME Sec. II Part D: ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص‬
- ASME Sec. VIII : ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
- ASME Sec. IX : ‫ﻛﺎري‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬
- ASME B31.3: ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬
- ASME B36.10M: ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫اﺳﺘﻴﻞ‬
- ASME B36.19M: ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
- ASME B16.5: ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬2/1‫ﺗﺎ‬24‫اﻳﻨﭻ‬
- ASME B16.47: ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬26‫ﺗﺎ‬60‫اﻳﻨﭻ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬.‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬:
- ASME Sec. II (Material)
- ASME Sec. V (NDT)
- ASME Sec. IX (Welding and Brazing)
- ASTM (Material and Methods)

11. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
١١
١(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ASME
‫آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬)Civil War(‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫در‬10‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬1895‫ﺗﺎ‬1905‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬3612‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻔﺠﺮ‬.‫روز‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬.‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫و‬7600‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬.
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬1907‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ‬.‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﺎﻻت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺮا‬.
،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬.‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬Section‫آن‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬Section I (Power Boiler)‫در‬15‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ‬1915‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬.‫و‬Section‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
Section III – Locomotive Boilers 1921
Section IV – Miniature Boilers 1922
Section VI – Heating Boilers 1923
Section II – Material 1924
Section VIII – Unfired Pressure Vessels 1925
Section VII – Care and use of Boilers 1926
☼‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪا‬‫رد‬ASME Sec VIII
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME Sec VIII‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫در‬Division‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬:
• Sec VIII Div 1 : For up to 3000 psi
• Sec VIII Div 2 : For up to 10000 psi
• Sec VIII Div 3 : For upper than 10000 psi (High Pressure Vessel)
‫اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME Sec. VIII Div.1‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻓـﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨـﺎزن‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط‬3‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬ ‫زﻳـﺮ‬2‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬
Appendix‫ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‬.Appendix‫ﻫﺎي‬Mandatory‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬‫ه‬‫و‬Appendix‫ﻫﺎي‬Nonmandatory‫ﺑﻨـﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺒـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣـﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬.
،‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬Appendix 10‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘـﺮل‬ ‫روﻧـﺪ‬ ‫درﻣﻮرد‬(Q.C. Plan)‫و‬Appendix 16‫از‬ ‫ﺳـﻮال‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳـﻴﺪن‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫در‬
ASME‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬Appendix R‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ي‬.
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬Subsection A،Subsection B،Subsection C‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاري‬:
:Subsection A‫ﭘﺎرت‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬UG‫و‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬.
:Subsection B‫ﭘﺎرﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬UW،UF،UB‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬(UW)‫ﻛﺎري‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻢ‬ ،(UB)‫رﻳﺨﺘﮕﺮي‬ ‫و‬(UF)‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬.
Subsection C:‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT, ULW, and ULTUCS,‫اﺳـﺖ‬.‫اﻳـﻦ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬.
‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬3‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬Para. U-1(b)‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ASME Sec. VIII Div.1‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬.

12. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬U-3‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬.
١٢
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬7:‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ASME Sec.VIII

13. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
2(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﺪه‬ASME Sec VIII
■‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ASME Sec VIII
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ASME Sec VIII‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬U-1(e)‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬8:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ASME Sec VIII
■‫ﻓﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬Out-of-Roundness‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 UG-80.2‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬0,01‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬9:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬80GU,1.DivASME Sec VIII
١٣

14. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ي‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬)Welded Joint Category(
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬10:‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1, UW-3
Category A: ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬
Category B:‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﮔﺮ‬Head،Hemispherical‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Head‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬A‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬
Category C: ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ Neck‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬
Category D: ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ،‫ﻛﺮوي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ؛‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﺴﺖ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮوي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﻬﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬:
١٤
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬11:‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 , UG-27

15. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬ ،‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮرس‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ‬ ‫در‬
5×Thickness‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮل‬ ‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬21:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬9UW,1.DivASME Sec VIII
‫ﺳﺮد‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫در‬)‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬(‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ULT-17(b)‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬5t
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮل‬ ‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬31:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬17ULT,1.DivASME Sec VIII
١٥

16. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬UW 16‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬14:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬UW-16
١٦

17. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■Spin Holes
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫در‬Head‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫آن‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ َِ.‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﻨﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮراخ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬Head‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻓﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫در‬UW-34‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮراخ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ ‫درﺑﺎرة‬.‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬
‫ﻣﻄ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻛﺮدن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻖ‬Weld Metal‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮراخ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫در‬Head‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬Base
Plate‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺠﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬Head‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬15:‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬ ‫ﺳﻮراخ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬Head‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬16:‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬Spin Holes
١٧

18. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:Head‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ِ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﺷﻜﺎل‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬17:‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬Head‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Head‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬UG-32‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬.
١٨

19. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■Peening
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬UW-39‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫در‬Peening‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬.
Peening‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬UW-39‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬)Distortion(‫ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫و‬)Relieve Residual Stress(‫از‬Peening
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺎت‬ ‫درواﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎدي‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬.‫دروا‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎره‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬.‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﺎس‬ ‫در‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬(Root Pass)‫ﭘﺎس‬ ‫و‬
‫آﺧﺮ‬(Final Pass)‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮاﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬Peening‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﻳﻦ‬PWHT
‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮد‬.
١٩
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬18:Peening‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫در‬

20. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
3(‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ي‬)Unequal Thicknesses(
☼‫در‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬Fig. UW-9‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬3/1‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬)Taper(‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬19:‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ASME Sec VIII
‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬)Unequal Thickness(‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ،Head‫ﺑﻪ‬Shell‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬PWHT
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎزﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻼك‬.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫و‬Shell‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻼك‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Shell‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬20:‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻼك‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬PWHT‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬UW40
٢٠

21. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
☼‫در‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬API 620
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬API 620 (2004)‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬6.16‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬:
‫ﺑﺮاي‬Plate‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬12.7mm‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ورﻗﻲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﻛﻒ‬ ،‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬ ‫ورﻗﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬Butt-Weld‫ﻣﻴ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬3mm‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫ورق‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
)Trimmed(‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬Taper‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬4/1‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬Fig 6.1‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬21:‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬API 620
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬22:‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬API 620
٢١

22. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
☼‫در‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ASME B31.3
‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬)Unequal thickness(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ASME B31.3‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬328.4 (b)(5)‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬)Girth Groove(‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫زاﻧﻮﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬)Miter Groove(‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
2
1
1‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮي‬
ASME B16.25‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Taper‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬3/1‫اﺳﺖ‬.
٢٢
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬23:‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ASME B16.25

23. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬24:‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ASME B31.3
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:‫در‬Piping‫در‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬Inside‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻲ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Taper‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬Taper‫ﺳﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫در‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬Outside‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ،‫ﺪ‬Taper‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬:
٢٣
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬25:‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬Taper‫ﻛﺮدن‬Inside‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Flow3
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬26:‫در‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬Outside‫دارﻧﺪ‬)B31.3(
1

24. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
☼‫در‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ASME B16.47
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ASME B16.47‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ي‬"26‫ﺗﺎ‬"60‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬Fig. 7‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬)Unequal(‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬3/1‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬Taper‫ﺷﻮد‬.
٢٤
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬27:‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮة‬ASME B16.47

25. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
4(‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬Qualify‫در‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬PQR
‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬Qualify‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬PQR‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ز‬)Unequal Thickness(‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ASME Sec IX
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬QW 202.4‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫و‬QW 451.1‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬:
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬QW 202.4(a)‫و‬QW 451.1‫ﻧﺎزك‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬)Thinner(‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬2T،Qualify‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬.
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬QW 202.4(b)‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬)(Test Coupon‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬6mm‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ‬ ‫ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬P-No. 8‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬28:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬PQR‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬29:‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬PQR
٢٥

26. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
۵(‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬B31.3‫ﻛﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫از‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME Sec VIII‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬1925‫آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
ASA (American Standards Association)‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژة‬B31‫ﻛـﺮد‬ ‫رﻳﺰي‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫را‬.‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘـﺔ‬B31‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬40‫ﻣﻬﻨـﺪس‬
‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬B31‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬1935‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬Pressure Piping‫ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬.
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫از‬ ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬ ‫اوﻟﻴﻦ‬B31.3‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬Petroleum Refinery Piping Code‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬1959‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬.‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫در‬1967‫اﻧﺠﻤـﻦ‬
‫آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ASA‫اﻧﺠﻤ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪدي‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت‬‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻦ‬.‫آن‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫و‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
USASI (United States of American Standards Institute)‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬.‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬1969‫اﻳـﻦ‬ ‫اﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ANSI (American National Standards Institute)‫ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬.‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫در‬1973‫ﻛـﺪ‬ ‫ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪي‬‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺣﻲ‬ANSI B31.3‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬.
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ANSI-B31.6‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬.‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫اراﺋـﻪ‬ ‫آﻣـﺎده‬ ‫اﻣـﺎ‬1974‫ﻧـﺸﺪ‬.‫در‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﻛﻨﺶ‬ASME Code Piping‫ﻣﻘـﺮرا‬ ‫اﻳﺠـﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬‫ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.ASME Code Piping‫ﺳـﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻛـﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺨـﺼﻮص‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اوﻟـﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬1976‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬.
2‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬1978‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬‫ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ASME Code for Pressure Piping‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘـﺸﺮ‬.‫در‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬1980‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ANSI/ASME B31.3‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬.
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬1996‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ASME B31.3 Process Piping‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻴـﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬.‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬1999‫ﺑﺼ‬‫ﻮرت‬100%‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬B31.3‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬.
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASME B31‫ﺑﺮاي‬Pressure Piping‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫در‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬30:‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ASME B31
- B 31.4: ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬)‫ﻧﻔﺖ‬(
٢٦
- B 31.8: ‫ﮔﺎز‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

27. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺔ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬B31.4 & B31.8‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬API 1104‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬31:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ،‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ASME B31.4
☼‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬ASME B31.3
‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬9Chapter‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬.B31.3‫درﺑﺎرة‬Piping‫ﻓﻠﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬)Metallic(‫ﻓﻠﺰي‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫و‬(Nonmetallic)‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬.‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰي‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬Category‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬:
1- Category D Fluid Service
2- Category M Fluid Service
3- Category Severe Cyclic Condition
4- Category High Pressure Piping
5- Category Normal Fluid Service
‫در‬Chapter 1‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬Scope and Definitions،Category‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ذﻳﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬32:‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬Category‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬B31.3‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬300.2
٢٧

28. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬33:‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬High Pressure Piping
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬Category M‫ﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬M‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫و‬Category High Pressure Piping‫ﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬K‫ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫و‬
)Nonmetallic(‫ﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬A‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬.
٢٨

29. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
6(Acceptance Criteria‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻬﺎي‬
■Acceptance Criteria‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫در‬High Pressure
Acceptance Criteria‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻬﺎي‬Category‫ﺑﻐﻴﺮاز‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬Category High Pressure Piping‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬
341.3.2‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬.‫اﻣﺎ‬Acceptance Criteria‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻬﺎي‬Pressure Piping‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬K341.3.2‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬34:‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮب‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر‬
٢٩

30. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬35:‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮب‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر‬)‫اداﻣﻪ‬(
٣٠

31. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■Acceptance Criteria‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫در‬High Pressure
٣١
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬36:‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر‬‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮب‬High Pressure Piping

32. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
7(WPS‫و‬WQT
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬ASME Sec VIII
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬UW-28‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬WPS‫و‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬UW-29‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬WQT‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬ASME
Sec. IX‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬.
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬UW-47‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪا‬ ‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزرس‬WPS‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ASME Sec. IX‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬‫ﻣﺪارﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫دال‬ASME Sec. IX‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزرس‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬API 650 (2003)
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬7.2.1.1‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬WPS‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫و‬7.3.1‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ASE Sec. IX‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬.
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬API 620 (2004)
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬6.7.1‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬WPS‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫و‬6.8.1‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ASE Sec. IX‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬.
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬API 1104 (1999)
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬5.1‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬WPS‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫و‬6.1‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬API 1104‫اﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫م‬.
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬API 1104‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ، ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬10.2‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬WPS‫و‬PQR‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬.
☼WPS‫و‬WQT‫در‬B31.3
■WPS‫و‬WQT‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻴﺮاز‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬Pressure Piping‫در‬B31.3
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬328.2.1‫ﺗﻬﻴﺔ‬WPS‫و‬WQT‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺰ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﻲ‬ASME SecIX
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬B31.3‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬37:‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬WPS‫و‬PQR‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﺎت‬ ‫و‬B31.3
٣٢

33. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■WPS‫و‬WQT‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Pressure Piping‫در‬B31.3
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬High Pressure Piping‫ﺗﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬WPS‫و‬WQT‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬K328.2‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ASME SecIX
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬K328.2.1‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬.‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﺎت‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬328.2.1‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺘﮕﻴﺮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬:○‫ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬WPS‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬Impact Test‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.
○‫ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬WPS‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬PQR‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬WPS‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.
○‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬PQR‫ﺗﻴﻮب‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬WPS‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬Plate‫را‬Qualify‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺴﺶ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬.
○‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬Mechanical‫ﺑ‬‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎران‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺮاي‬
○‫ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬WQT‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬Impact Test‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬) .Interpretation-17-10(
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬38:‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬Interpretation of B31.3
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬39:‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬WPS‫و‬PQR‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﺎت‬ ‫و‬Pressure Piping
٣٣

34. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
8(‫اﺳ‬‫از‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎده‬WPS‫دﻳﮕﺮان‬
■‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬WPS‫ﺑﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮان‬Pressure Piping
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬WPS‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ،‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژة‬ ِASME B31.3 Para. 328.2.2‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬ ‫رﺟﻮع‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬40:‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬WPS‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮان‬ ِASME B31.3 Para. 328.2.2
‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫درﺻﻮرت‬WPS‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬ ،‫دﻳﮕﺮان‬ ِPQR‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ِ:
1(‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
2(‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬P-No. 1&2&3 & Gr-No.1‫ﻳﺎ‬P-No.8‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
3(‫در‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬WPSً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ِSimilar‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬P-No.‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ِ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻞ‬.
4(‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬19mm‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬PWHT‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬.
5(‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬300 psi‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬-20‫ﺗﺎ‬399‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬.
)B16.5 PN 50 PN=Pressure Nominal(
6(،‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫روش‬SMAW‫ﻳﺎ‬GTAW‫اﻳﻨﺪو‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
7(‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬SMAW‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬.
8(‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬WPS‫و‬PQR‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫از‬.
‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬WPS‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬.
■‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬WPS‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮان‬Pressure Piping
‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬WPS‫ﺳﺮوﻳ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮان‬‫ﺲ‬High Pressure Piping‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬K328.2.2‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬
٣٤

35. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
9(Preheat
☼‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬UW-30‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫در‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬41:‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬
٣٥

36. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 Appendix R.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬.
٣٦
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬42:Preheat‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 Appendix R

37. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
٣٧
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬43:Preheat‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 Appendix R)‫اداﻣﻪ‬(

38. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
☼‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬Piping
‫در‬piping‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬Preheat‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ASME B31.3 , Table 330.1.1‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬:
٣٨
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬44:‫دﻣﺎي‬Preheat‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬B31.3

39. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬45:Preheat‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ASME B31.3 Para. 331.1.3
٣٩

40. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬Recommendations‫ﺑﻪ‬Requirements
‫ﺳﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻮاي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬)‫زﻳﺮﺻﻔﺮ‬(‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫؛‬ASME B31.3 Para. 330.1.1‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬
Recommendations‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬Requirements‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬46:‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫آور‬ ‫اﻟﺰام‬ ‫ﺷﺮط‬B31.3
٤٠

41. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
10(PWHT (Post Weld Heat Treatment)
☼PWHT‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
2‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬:
1(‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬)‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬UW2(
2(‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬)‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬UCS 56(
1-‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬:
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 UW2‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬PWHT،Mandatory‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬47:‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ASME Sec VIII Div.1 UW2‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬
٤١

42. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
2-‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬:
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬UCS 56‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬PWHT‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬P-No. 1 Gr-
No. 1&2&3‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬38mm‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫و‬32mm‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬
38mm‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬93ºC‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬PWHT‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬.‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬(b)‫در‬
Note‫ﺟﺪاول‬ ِUCS-56
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬،‫دﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺟﺪوﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬UCS-56‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬.
٤٢
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬48:‫ﺟﺪاول‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬UCS-56

43. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
٤٣

44. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
٤٤

45. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازة‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬UCS-56.1،Holding Time‫را‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬Holding Temperature‫دﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫را‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬49:‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬Holding Temperature‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫دارﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ‬ ‫در‬UCS-56.1
‫روﻧﺪ‬PWHT:‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ،‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدار‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬Holding‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺗﻲ‬‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬50:‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدار‬PWHT
٤٥

46. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
■Heating Rate
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬UW56‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻃﻲ‬ ‫در‬PWHT‫از‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬427°C‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬222°C/ hr‫ﺷﻮد‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬51:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬UW56
■Cooling Rate
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ،‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬427°C‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬278°C/ hr‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬52:‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺮخ‬UW56
■‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬PWHT
‫ﺑﻌﺪاز‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮب‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﻀ‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬PWHT‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫از‬Repair‫رادﻳﻮﮔﺮا‬ ،‫ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪاز‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬PWHT
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.‫ﺑﻌﺪاز‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬PWHT‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬‫ات‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫ﻮ‬‫د‬‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬PWHT‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آن‬.
1-PWHT‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬
2-PWHT‫ﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬
‫درﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬1،PWHT‫اﻟﺰاﻣﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬:
-‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬PWHT‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬)‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬(،
-‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬PWHT‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
ASME Sec VIII UCS 56 Para. f(2)‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬53:ASME Sec VIII UCS 56 Para. f(2)
٤٦

47. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬54:‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮب‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎق‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫درﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬2،PWHT‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬:
-‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬PWHT‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬)‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬(،
-‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬PWHT‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
ASME Sec VIII UCS 56 Para. f(2)‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬
-‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬Temper Bead Welding‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.
■‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬Temper Bead Welding
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬API 510‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬Temper Bead Welding‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎزي‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬38mm‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬55:‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫روش‬Temper Bead Welding
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫از‬in lieu‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺟﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫در‬.
٤٧

48. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬Temper Bead Welding
1(‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬175‫ﭘﺎﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬230‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬.
2(‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﭘﺎس‬3mm‫ﻣﻴﺪارﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻧﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ،‫داده‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬.‫ﻧ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﻬﺎي‬‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺰ‬4mm‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﻧﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﻴﺪارﻳﻢ‬ ‫آﻧﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﺎس‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬56:‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﭘﺎس‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬
3(‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺣﺮارت‬)Heat Input(‫ﺷﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬WPS‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
4(‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬260‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬.
5(VT‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.
6(‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺔ‬Low-Hydrogen‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬Bead‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ِ
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
7(‫ﺷﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬UCS 56‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎزي‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪا‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ر‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬UCS 56‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬Bead‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪاز‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ِ:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬57:‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬Bead‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪاز‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﻮش‬ ِ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬UCS-56
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬:
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫در‬Defect‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬UT‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﻨﺪ‬.
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49. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
☼PWHT‫ﺑﺮاي‬Piping
‫در‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬Piping‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬331‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫و‬331.1.1‫در‬ASME B31.3‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬58:‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬Piping
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50. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰوة‬
‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬Branch‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ASME B31.3
Branch‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬59:‫زداﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬Branch‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ASME B31.3 Para. 331.1.3
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬1‫ﺟﺪارة‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ،Branch)Tb(‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬)tc(‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫از‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬
PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬Branch‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬:‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬P-No. 1،19mm‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬Table 331.1.1‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ،
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬2،‫ﺟﺪارة‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬Header)Th(‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬)tc(‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫از‬
PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬Branch‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬3‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ،Reinforcement)Tr(‫ﺿﺨﺎ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﻣﺖ‬)tc(‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫از‬
PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬Branch‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬4‫ﺟﺪارة‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ،Header)Th(‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬Reinforcement)Tr(‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬)tc(‫ﻣﺠ‬ ‫از‬‫دو‬ ‫ﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬Branch‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫در‬5‫ﺟﺪارة‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ،Branch)Tb(‫ﺟﻮش‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬)tc(‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫از‬
PWHT‫دار‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬Branch‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬PWHT‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬1:PQR‫ﺑﺮاي‬P_No.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬2:Cladding:‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬ ‫درﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ‬)‫داﺧﻞ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬Head‫ﺗﺎورﻫﺎ‬ ِ(‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬S.S‫روي‬C.S‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎري‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ‬UT‫ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬.‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬ ‫درﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫دارد‬.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ورق‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻳﺮان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﺎر‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬.
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