Criterion-referenced tests directly assess performance against defined standards rather than comparing to others. The passage provides data from a criterion-referenced fitness test administered on two days, calculating 70% agreement between the days. Norm-referenced tests compare individuals to peers while criterion-referenced focus on mastery of standards, and reliability and validation procedures differ between the two approaches. Finally, the passage includes raw data to conduct a SPSS analysis of whether being physically inactive relates to risk of coronary heart disease.