8. 8
Separate collection
• Separate collection is a key element of modern waste management
• Separately should be collected (as much as possible):
– Dry recyclables (paper/cardboard, plastics, glass, metals)
– Biowastes - green wastes and kitchen/food wastes
– Hazardous household wastes
– EEEW – electric and electronic equipment wastes
– Bulky wastes (including used tyres)
– Construction and demolition wastes
• Separately collected wastes usually are finally sorted at Materials
Recovery Facility (MRF).
MRF have installed manual or mechanical sorting lines.
• Separatelly collected putrescibles (organic biowastes) usually are
anaerobicaly digested producing biogas and composting
digestate or only composted - finally producing high quality
compost.
9. 9
Remaining (after separate collection) mix MSW treatment
• Experience show that it is possible and economically feasible to
collect separately up to 40% of generated amount of municipal
wastes.
• Remaining mix MSW > 60% and more (usually ~70%) – should
be incinerated (after mechanical pre-treatment or without it)
or treated mechanically – biologically (separating inert
materials, recyclables, dry calorific fraction (further producing
RDF – refuse delivered fuel) and organic fraction (further bio-
drying or composting or anaerobically digesting it).
10. 10
Composition of remaining (after separate collection of recyclables) mix MSW
• The average percentage of recyclables (paper/cardboard, plastics, glass,
metals) in mix MSW is about 35 %
• Implementing intensive separate collection schemes usually there are
collected about ½ (a half) of recyclables generated
• Forecasted composition of mix MSW after implementing of intensive
separate collection schemes for recyclables:
– Organic wastes - food/kitchen wastes (~45 %) + green wastes (~5%) - total ~ 50%
– Paper/cardboard wastes <10%
– Plastics wastes <6%
– Glass wastes <4%
– Metal wastes (Fe and Non-Fe) <3%
– Other combustible wastes (wood, textiles, rubble and etc.) ~ 9%
– Other non-combustible (inert wastes –sand, gravel, stones, ceramics and etc.) ~18%
23. 23
LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plants
This is the cheapest mix municipal solid waste treatment option.
For example, BMT plant capable to treat ~ 65 000 tones of MSW per year,
with manual sorting line will cost < 4 million Euro.
BMT with mechanical-automatic sorting line, working in 2 shifts and capable
to treat 100÷130 thousand tones of MSW per year will cost < 10 million
Euro.
“Gate fee” would be about 30÷40 Euro/tone, to be subject to market
prices fluctuations for RDF/SRF and recyclables.
Remark:
RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel
SRF – Solid Recovered Fuel
LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plants variations
45. 45
2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
This is quit cheap and most perspective mix municipal solid waste
treatment option.
Mechanical-automatic sorting line, working in 2 shifts and capable
to treat 100÷150 thousand tones of MSW per year will cost ~ 5÷7 million
Euro.
Dry anaerobic digestion plant capable to treat 50÷60 thousand tones of
organic waste will cost ~ 6÷8 million Euro.
Bio-drying plant capable to treat 45÷60 thousand tones of digestate will cost ~ 3
million Euro.
Fully completed MBT plant capable to treat ~125 thousand tones of mix MSW per
year will cost 12÷15 million Euro.
“Gate fee” would be about 40÷50 Euro/tone, to be subject to market
prices fluctuations for RDF/SRF and recyclables.
47. 47
3rd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Mechanical separation and sorting technologies/equipment
suppliers – the same as for previous technology
• Wet anaerobical digestion technologies and equipment
suppliers:
– Wehrle Umwelt GmbH
– Global Renewables UK Ltd
– BTA International GmbH
– Promeco S.r.l.
– Strabag SE
– Ros Roca International SL
– Haase Energietechnik AG
– Valorga International S.A.S.
– Purac (Lackeby Water Group)
– Arrow Ecology and Engineering Overseas Ltd
– SchuBio AG
48. 48
3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Biopercolator
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• There are only 2 companies supplying MBT
technology with Biopercolation process and wet
anaerobical digestion of slurry produced during
biopercolation process:
– Wehrle Umwelt GmbH
– Global Renewables UK Ltd
We recommend Wehrle Umwelt GmbH which is better
known for us.
52. 52
3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Biopercolator
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Unfortunately the investment either
operational/maintenance cost are too high:
– Investment cost for fully completed mechanical – biological
treatment plant capabile to treat > 100 thousand tones of
mix MSW per year are 30÷40 million Euro
For comparision, similar MBT plant with dry anaerobic
digestion will cost only 12÷15 million Euro.
– Operational cost are > 50 Euro/tone
53. 53
3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Hydro-pulper
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• There are a number of companies supplying MBT technology
with Hydropulping process and wet anaerobical digestion of
slurry produced during hydropulping process:
– BTA International GmbH
– Promeco S.r.l.
– Strabag SE
– Ros Roca International SL
– Haase Energietechnik AG
– Valorga International S.A.S.
– Arrow Ecology and Engineering Overseas Ltd
– SchuBio AG
We recommend BTA International GmbH which is the best known wet
anaerobical digestion technology supplier in the world.
57. 57
3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Hydro-pulper
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Unfortunately the investment either
operational/maintenance cost are too high:
– Investment cost only for wet anaerobic digestion plant
capable to treat 40÷50 thousand tones of organic waste per
year is 15÷20 million Euro.
– Fully completed mechanical – biological treatment plant
capabile to treat > 100 thousand tones of mix MSW per
year cost 25÷30 million Euro
For comparision, similar MBT plant with dry anaerobic
digestion will cost only 12÷15 million Euro.
– Operational cost are > 50÷75 Euro/tone
58. 58
SUMMARY
• The BMT (biological – mechanical treatment) or MBT
(mechanical – biological treatment) technology with bio-
drying process targeted to produce fuel (SRF/RDF) is the
cheapest one (both investment and operational).
The bio-drying process can be replaced by composting
process only in the case if organic fraction isn’t very poluted
by heavy metals (if the potential quality of compost is
satisfactory)
• The MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology
with dry AD and digestate bio-drying is the most optimal and
perspective (higher energy cost – lower gate fee)
• The MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology
both with bio-percolation process or hydro-pulping process
is too expensive (it can be used only if energy prices are very
high)