The document discusses biotic and abiotic components, different types of microscopes, microscope parts and their functions, how to use a microscope, and symbols for hazardous chemicals. It explains that biotic components are living organisms while abiotic components are non-living things like air and water. Light microscopes can magnify up to 1000x and electron microscopes up to 100,000x. Key microscope parts include the objective lens, stage, and adjustment knobs. Hazardous chemicals are symbolized and proper precautions for each are provided.

2. BIOTIC
 Biotic means living organism

Microorganisms, animals, plants
, and humans are biotic
components

3. ABIOTIC
 Abiotic means non-living
things

Air, water, sunlight, soil, rocks,
and fire are abiotic
components

4. MICROSCOPE
 the microscope was first invented by Antony Van
Leeuwenhoek
 based on the sources of light used to lighten the
specimen, microscopes can be classified into light
microscopes and electron microscopes
 a light microscope is able to magnify an object up
to 1,000x
 an electron microscope is able to magnify an
object up to 100,000x

6. The function of microscope parts
 Ocular lens
to magnify object view
 Body tube
connecting ocular lens and objective lens
 Revolver
objective lens location
 Objective lens
to magnify object
 Arm
part that is held when microscope is moved

7.  Stage
place for putting object
 Stage clips
to clip the specimen
 Coarse adjustment knob / Macrometer
to focus image quickly
 Fine adjustment knob / Micrometer
to focus image slowly
 Diaphragm
to adjust light intensity
 Base
to keep microscope’s position

8. How to use microscope
1. Hold the arm of the microscope with one of your
hands, while your other hand holds the base
2. Place the microscope on a flat-surfaced table
with its arm right in front of you
3. Turn the revolver until you hear a “click”; adjust
the position of the lowest magnification
objective lens until it reaches the middle
position of the stage
4. Put the mount/object to observe on the stage
and clip the mount using stage clip

9. 5. Adjust that part to observe is pricisely on the
stage hole
6. While seeing from side view, rotate macrometer
carefully that tube of the microscope goes down
until it almost touches (never touch) the mount
7. While observing by ocular lens, rotate
macrometer slowly to raise tube of the
microscope that the mount is clearly seen
8. Rotate micrometer to get best focus

10. Symbols of Some Hazardous
Chemicals
 hazardous, sharp and
stingy smells
 Bromine, Ammonia
 Avoid to inhale, while
using this
material, cover your
mouth and nose with
masker and do it in
acid shelf

11.  Toxic
 Mercury, Carbon
tetrachloride
 Keep in locked
cabinet, never use it
without your
teacher’s permission

12.  Flammable

Alcohol, Natrium, Pho
sporus
 Keep alcohol away
from fire, keep
sodium in
kerosene, keep
phosporus in water

13.  Corrosive
 Chloric acid, Sulfate
acid
 Use it carefully, avoid
spilling onto skin or
clothing

14.  Explosive
 Hydrogen, Potassium
 Never store hydrogen
in a laboratory (it may
explode when you
light in open air), keep
potassium in paraffin

15.  Radioactive
 Carbon-14
 Use this material as
less as possible (it can
destroy your cells)