An evaluation and analysis of the potential of the proposed project that is based on extensive investigations and research to give full comfort making decisions based on the study by: lecturer Abd ElRahman J. AlFar Al-Azhar University of Gaza

1. Econ 4315
Chapter 1

2. Feasibility study definition
• An evaluation and analysis of the potential of the proposed project
that is based on extensive investigations and research to give full
comfort making decisions based on the study

3. • Feasibility study conducted at the project initiation phase before
significant expense are engaged.
• Feasibility study attempts to answer one main question :
Whether the project is Feasible OR Not
• Feasibility study should deal with correct facts, correct assumptions
and up to date financial data.

4. Team Vs One
• Not a single person can conduct a feasibility study alone , feasibility
study is a product of a team of experts, can perform a set of studies
(legal, market, financial, profitability, technical, environmental, social,
national, regional, international ...Etc.). The feasibility study takes a
long time, efforts and cost.

5. Project definition
• Is any economic and financial action by an individual or group of
individuals, or by or on behalf of the State to meet market needs for
the purpose of profitability
Project types
Public Project Private Project
Joint venture
Project

6. Project cycle
• Is the process the project has to go from the beginning of idea start
up to the implementation and testing operation.

7. Idea inception
Idea refinement
Market and
costing analysis
Project design
Feasibility Study
Preparation for
implementation
Business Plan
implementation

8. Concepts and definitions
Owner (Wiraswasta): means a person who has character of bravery, superiority,
model in taking risk by his ability. Wiraswasta run his business by himself but has
no vision for business development, creativity and innovation.
Entrepreneur (Wirausata): The Entrepreneur is a person shall create and realize
the idea that will be implemented, Entrepreneur is a doer for economic
development and its function as an innovator and creator of new creation.
Entrepreneurship: is the process of creating something new, or make changing to
the old one, that called as (innovation) with purpose in raising individual and
community prosperity.

9. Intrapreneur: The meaning of Intrapreneur or called corporate Entrepreneurship is to
develop or maintain the Entrepreneurship spirit in employees at a company.
Investment: Mobilizing or using part of wealth of individuals (capital) for the purpose of
creating new capacity in the community to generate or increase income of the
entrepreneurs.
Real investments: create new economic capacity such as creating a new project
Financial investments: invest in existed projects such as investing in the secondary market
of the financial markets. Assets ownership should be transferred from the seller to the
buyer.

10. Examples for real and financial investment
• Building a new House is considered investment.
• Buying an existing constructed house is considered financial
investments.
• Purchase a piece of land is considered financial investments.
• Land reclamation is considered an investment.

11. Income: Is a continuous cash flow cascaded and periodically result of
productive activity in which requires specific flow and periodic and
continuity, and it’s a return for all the elements of production as a
result of its contribution to the production process.
Factors of production The income name
Capital Interests, or profit
Land Rents
Labor Wages
Entrepreneur Profits
Return on factors of production

12. Net income = Return on the production process – total cost – taxation
– Interests – distributions.
personal income = divided number of entrepreneurs.

13. • Wealth:
Are the total monetary values of each property movable and
immovable for individuals
• Capital :
Is a part of wealth; Investor used to generate income

14. • private entrepreneur aim is to achieve maximum profits (profit = sales
return -total production costs including taxes and depreciation rat )
• Public sectors efforts are concentrated in maximizing public benefit
any inflated social benefit analyses of all public projects

15. Feasibility study Vs Business Plan
• FS should be conducted at initiation phase, BP prepared for existed
projects.
• FS is filled with calculations, analysis and estimated projections of a
business opportunity. While a business plan is made up of mostly
tactics and strategies to be implemented in other to start and grow
the business.
• A feasibility study is all about business idea viability while a business
plan deals with business growth plan and sustainability.

16. How to come up with an idea
• Researches and studies.
• Magazines and publications
• General national statistics.
• Idea discussion with family members and friends.
• Making market analysis by viewing e.g imported goods.
• Internet articles, blogs and social media interaction.

17. Feasibility Study general template
• Introduction
• Legal study.
• Marketing feasibility study.
• Technical feasibility study.
• Financial feasibility study.
• Economic feasibility study.
• National feasibility study.
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

18. Introduction
A Pre-feasibility Study is conducted to obtain an overview of the problem and to roughly
assess whether feasible solutions exists prior to committing substantial resources to a
project, or even before spending a lot of money for the feasibility Study itself.
• Cover page
• Table of contents
• Purpose of the document
• Brief description of the project
• Executive summary
• SWOT analysis
• Methodology
• Study team
• Market entry timing
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

19. Legal study
This study is considered the first step in the detailed feasibility study,
conducted by experts and specialists in the field of law and legislation
concerning investment and employment, insurance, taxes etc.
Legal and environmental feasibility study contains several elements:
• The investment environment analysis.
• Investment laws analytical study.
• Choosing the legal frame work of the project nature .
• Is it legal right to purchase the technology.
• The mature of taxes.
• The total cost of legal investment registration.
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

20. Marketing feasibility study.
Factors determining supply and demand in the market.
• Study of the factors determinants of demand and supply.
• Examine the main structure and characteristics of the market.
• Historical analysis of supply and demand size (past and present).
• Market share estimate for your project.
• The market prices for the products (goods or services).
• The estimation of total revenue for the project.
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

21. Technical feasibility study.
The technical Feasibility study is done by specialists and experts for judging
the validity of the technical aspects necessary to create the new project. The
series of questions below is helpful in deciding the technical requirements of
the business:
• Are enough raw materials available of the correct quality when needed for
full year-round production?
• Is the cost of the raw materials satisfactory?
• Is the correct size and type of equipment available for the expected
production level and at a reasonable cost?
• Can it be made by local workshops and are maintained and repair costs
affordable?
• Designing project layout.
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

22. Technical feasibility study. (cont.)
• Is sufficient information and expertise available to ensure that the
production is consistently made at the required quality?
• Are suitable packaging materials available and affordable?
• Are distribution procedures to retailers or other sellers established?
• Are enough raw materials available of the correct quality when
needed for year-round production?
• Is the correct size and type of equipment available for the expected
production level and at a reasonable cost?
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

23. Financial feasibility study
financial feasibility study for providing the necessary capital funding to
cover all costs estimated previously in the technical study
This phase of the study goes through for:
• To estimate total needed capital must be provide.
• Appropriate financial structure on the bases of the available financial
sources.
• The financial structure Cost estimate.
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

24. Economical and commercial feasibility
• The Economical and commercial feasibility estimates expected costs
and revenues during the life span of the project.
The economic study have to focus on several indicators such as
• Depreciation .
• Return on capital.
• Pay back period.
• Net present value(NPV).
• Cost /Benefit Analyses Profit index or.
• Internal Rate of Return(IRR).
• Rate of Return/cost .
• Net Return/ Cost. prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

25. social and national feasibility study
social and national feasibility study (SNF) measures the project
contribution to the society and in the national economy.
Criteria for social profitability:
• Project contribution in job creation.
• The enterprise's contribution balance of payments.
• The enterprise's contribution to value added (GDP).
• Project contribution in strengthening national currency.
• The negative effects of the project on the local environment
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

26. Don’t forget to make your final decision
Wither the project is
Feasible or Not
prepared by: Abd ElRahman j. AlFar

27. Implementation phase:
After the specialist conduct all feasibility studies, the phase of pre-
implementation will start, at this stage phase the following steps take
place:
• Specifying the terms of contracts.
• Obliging the contracts.
• Signing the contracts.
• Operational and experimental testing.

28. Follow up and evaluation phase
• this phase continue during the project lifetime it is the criteria for
judging the project's feasibility studies

29. Don’t forget the five Phase of the feasibility study :
• Brain storming and thinking for selecting the project
• Conducting the Preliminary feasibility study
• Conducting the Detailed feasibility study
• Implementation phase
• Follow up and evaluation phase

30. Background for the Successful feasibility study
Successful feasibility study must fulfill the following conditions:
• Setting and preparing should be prepared by experts in their
respective fields.
• Neutrality any dealing with data and information should be
objectively and impartially.
• Free of errors: in the preliminary examination we could allow some
simple mistakes, but in the final feasibility study we do not allow any
error whatsoever small it is.

31. costs of the project
1. Direct costs
2. Indirect cost

32. Direct costs
Direct costs are those costs that can be allocated immediately and
directly related to the project size and volume of production.
Two types of costs
- Investment costs.
- Annual costs.

33. Investment costs
all cost elements from the moment of the emergence of expenditure
project concept and preparation of special studies until operational
tests it includes:
• Construction costs and land purchasing price.
• Purchasing price of machinery and equipment with installation and
operation, and testing costs.
• Working capital stock.
• Expenses of Foundation and establishments.

34. Annual cost
The operating costs during the first year
Annual operating costs include:
- machinery costs.
- costs of production.
- market cost.
- administrative cost.

35. Indirect costs
are those costs that cannot be customized for a particular process or a
specific department of production which is not directly related to the
product and does not occur unless you create and run the project.

36. Sunk cost
• A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and thus cannot
be recovered. A sunk cost differs from other, future costs that a
business may face, such as inventory costs or R&D expenses, because
it has already happened. Sunk costs are independent of any event
that may occur in the future.

37. Premium and dumped costs
the cost of a particular decision, such as the resolution on the worker
number of overtime entails additional costs also adding the cost of
consumed energy required to run the machinery for additional number
of working hours.

38. the project benefits which are divided into two
types of benefits:
Tangible or quantifiable (such as a profit and loss, remuneration………..
etc).
Intangible benefits: this consists from the project to others and to
society (such as return on the province or territory return, project
impact (benefits) on society, brand name, reputation .... ... etc.

39. Examples of some prices that are used in the
analysis of costs and benefits.
• Market price (accounting):
Price that is direct paid for ownership of something it’s directly used in
the process of analyzing profitability and benefits. Because it depends
on Accountants and accounting operations, they have easy accessibility.
• Economic price (shadow prices):
Type of prices which reflect the real economic cost of merchandise for
goods from the national or social side. That is almost the social cost of
the national economy. An economic analysts use the economical price
in analyzing profitability, because they reflect the cost of the goods to
national economy.