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Designing Spaces
for
Knowledge
Creation
Alf Rock
1-416-574-5330
alf@alkamind.com
Alkamind ConsultingAlkamind Consulting

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Knowledge Management
Alf Rock
alf@alkamind.com
SECI Model
Knowledge Creation Model

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Unawareness
Awareness
Learn
New
Behavior
Practice
New
Behavior
Change
of
Values
Transformation Cycle

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Explicit - Tacit
• Learning by doing
• Broadly shared
• Embodied in action
• Actualize concepts
into practice
• Simulation and
experimentation trigger
Explicit - Explicit
• Connecting
• Complex
• Systematic
• Workable plans
• Operationalized
• Disseminated
• Usability
Tacit - Explicit
• Crystallized sharable
form
• Embody skills
• Metaphors, concepts
• Analogies to bridge
• Models to shape
Tacit - Tacit
• Shared experience
• High-quality physical
• Joint activities
• Apprenticeship
• Informal meetings
• Transcend boundaries
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Knowledge Spiral
2-Dialogue or
Collective
reflection
3-Linking
Explicit
Knowledge
4-Learning
by Doing
1-Field of
Interaction
SECI model: Takeuchi & Nonaka
Tacit
TacitExplicit
Explicit
Externalization
Tacit to Explicit
Socialization
Tacit to Tacit
Internalization
Explicit to Tacit
Combination
Explicit to Explicit

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Knowledge needs a context in order to exist. The SECI model uses the term
“ba” to describe the place or habitat where knowledge is created, shared and
utilized. This place is where individuals can interact to recreate and amplify
knowledge.

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Tacit - Tacit
• Shared experience
• High-quality physical
• Joint activities
• Apprenticeship
• Informal meetings
• Transcend boundaries
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Socialization can take several forms within the organization. The outcome is to
create an environment where tacit knowledge can flow between individuals.
• Shared experience
• High-quality physical
• Joint activities
• Apprenticeship
• Informal meetings
• Transcend boundaries
Shared experienceHigh-quality physicalJoint activitiesApprenticeshipInformal meetingsTranscend boundaries
Socialization is the process of bringing together tacit knowledge through shared
experiences.
..the key to acquiring tacit knowledge
is to share the same experience
through joint activities. Apprentices
learn their craft not through spoken
words or written textbooks but through
observation and imitation …and
through practice. A rich environment
and trust will allow tacit knowledge to
transcend individual boundaries.

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Tacit - Tacit
• Shared experience
• High-quality physical
• Joint activities
• Apprenticeship
• Informal meetings
• Transcend boundaries
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Socialization: Originating ba is place were individuals sympathize or
empathize with others, removing barriers between the self and others. From
this “habitat” emerges care, love, trust, and commitment.
• Shared experience
• High-quality physical
• Joint activities
• Apprenticeship
• Informal meetings
• Transcend boundaries
Shared experienceHigh-quality physicalJoint activitiesApprenticeshipInformal meetingsTranscend boundaries
..the key to acquiring tacit knowledge
is to share the same experience
through joint activities. Apprentices
learn their craft not through spoken
words or written textbooks but through
observation and imitation …and
through practice. A rich environment
and trust will allow tacit knowledge to
transcend individual boundaries.

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Tacit - Explicit
• Crystallized sharable
form
• Embody skills
• Metaphors, concepts
• Analogies to bridge
• Models to shape
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Tacit - Explicit
• Crystallized sharable form
• Embody skills
• Metaphors, concepts
• Analogies to bridge
• Models to shape
Crystallized sharable formEmbody skillsMetaphors, conceptsAnalogies to bridgeModels to shape
Externalization is the process of articulating tacit knowledge into explicit form.
In an explicit form knowledge becomes crystallized and shareable.
Externalization is key to create new, explicit
concepts from tacit knowledge. A sequential use
of metaphors, analogies, and models are the
keys to success. Meaning is discovered and
contradictions are harmonized into models that
bridge image and logic.
The Externalization process is key because it create new concepts from tacit
knowledge.

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Tacit - Explicit
• Crystallized sharable
form
• Embody skills
• Metaphors, concepts
• Analogies to bridge
• Models to shape
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Tacit - Explicit
• Crystallized sharable form
• Embody skills
• Metaphors, concepts
• Analogies to bridge
• Models to shape
Crystallized sharable formEmbody skillsMetaphors, conceptsAnalogies to bridgeModels to shape
Externalization: Dialoguing ba is a place where individuals’ mental models and
skills are converted (through peer interaction) into common terms and skills are
converted into common terms and concepts.
Externalization is key to create new, explicit
concepts from tacit knowledge. A sequential use
of metaphors, analogies, and models are the
keys to success. Meaning is discovered and
contradictions are harmonized into models that
bridge image and logic.

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Explicit - Explicit
• Connecting
• Complex
• Systematic
• Workable plans
• Operationalized
• Disseminated
• Usability
Explicit - Explicit
Connecting
Complex
Systematic
Workable plans
Operationalized
Disseminated
Usability
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Connecting
Combination is the process of connecting discrete elements of explicit
knowledge into a set of explicit form that is more complex and systematic than
any of the parts.
ComplexSystematicWorkable plansOperationalizedDisseminatedUsability
The key outcome of this process is “on the ground” workable action plans and
operationalized elements.
The three key sub-processes of
combination are: collecting and
combining knowledge; disseminating
among member; and editorially refining
the content for usability.

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Explicit - Explicit
• Connecting
• Complex
• Systematic
• Workable plans
• Operationalized
• Disseminated
• Usability
Explicit - Explicit
Connecting
Complex
Systematic
Workable plans
Operationalized
Disseminated
Usability
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Connecting
Combination: Systemizing ba is a virtual collaborative environment where
explicit elements are combined to produce workable solutions for specific
context.
ComplexSystematicWorkable plansOperationalizedDisseminatedUsability
The three key sub-processes of
combination are: collecting and
combining knowledge; disseminating
among member; and editorially refining
the content for usability.

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Explicit - Tacit
• Learning by doing
• Broadly shared
• Embodied in action
• Actualize concepts into practice
• Simulation and experimentation trigger
Explicit - Tacit
• Learning by doing
• Broadly shared
• Embodied in action
• Actualize concepts
into practice
• Simulation and
experimentation trigger
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Learning by doingBroadly shared
Embodied in actionActualize concepts into practiceSimulation and experimentation trigger
The Internalization process is when organization is learning by doing and
shares that knowledge throughout the organization. At this level knowledge
becomes a competitive advantage.
The organization actualizes concepts into actions and training programs that
embodies an understanding of the organization and the individuals operating
within it.
Two key dimension of Internalization is that
knowledge about concepts and strategies has
been embodied into actions and practices, and
that these actions can be embodied through
simulation or experimentation.

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Explicit - Tacit
• Learning by doing
• Broadly shared
• Embodied in action
• Actualize concepts into practice
• Simulation and experimentation trigger
Explicit - Tacit
• Learning by doing
• Broadly shared
• Embodied in action
• Actualize concepts
into practice
• Simulation and
experimentation trigger
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
Learning by doingBroadly shared
Embodied in actionActualize concepts into practiceSimulation and experimentation trigger
Internalization: Exercising ba is the place of active participation where patterns
of action and thinking are continually stressed. This is a place of shared
interaction of time and space where explicit knowledge is organizationally
internalized.
Two key dimension of Internalization is that
knowledge about concepts and strategies has
been embodied into actions and practices, and
that these actions can be embodied through
simulation or experimentation.

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Knowledge Spiral
2-Dialogue or
Collective
reflection
3-Linking
Explicit
Knowledge
4-Learning
by Doing
1-Field of
Interaction
SECI model: Takeuchi & Nonaka
Tacit
TacitExplicit
Explicit
Externalization
Tacit to Explicit
Socialization
Tacit to Tacit
Internalization
Explicit to Tacit
Combination
Explicit to Explicit

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“A spiral emerges when the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge is
elevated dynamically from lower ontological levels to higher ontological levels”
Nonaka et al
Source page 498: Handbook of Organizational Learning & Knowledge

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I Control
We are Safe
I Survive
I Improve
I learn
?????
We are Saved
We Become
We Experience
R
B
O
G
Y
P
B
T
These ontological levels can be represented by the Spiral Dynamics model.
When we apply the SECI spiral to the Spiral Dynamics levels of being, we see
that each level of being learns and develops in its particular way.
Courtesy Alf Rock
alf@alkamind.com
alf@spiraldynamics.intranets.com

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I Control
I Survive
I Improve
I learn
?????
We Experience
The knowledge management system that generate, disseminate, and
internalizes knowledge will need to accommodate a spectrum of
communications channels that represent different levels of consciousness.
Spiral Dynamics page 150
Beige survival
oriented learning in
Instinctual,
accomplished by
varying the intensity
of stimulation.
We are Safe
Purple learning is
stimulated
Classically
through modeling,
repetition, rhythm,
and storytelling
Red learning is
Conditioned by
hands-on activities
accompanied by
immediate, external
reinforcement.
Blue familiar
Avoidant ‘book
learning’ is oriented
towards content
and facts, …and is
reinforced by …
testing …
obedience … and
punishment.
Orange Expectancy
learning is geared
towards real-life
experiences, trial-and-
error experimentation,
competitive games, case
studies, and simulation.
Green
Observational
learning is
stimulated by
reflection,
interaction,
involvement, and
attention to
feelings…
Yellow Informational
learning is self-paced and
tailored towards the
needs and interests of the
particular individual.
Rewards are intrinsic
rather than extrinsic
Turquoise
Experiential
learning takes
place in a
communal network
that is both social
and electronic –
involving a deeply
felt sharing of
consciousness and
insight
A 2nd
tier ‘full
spectrum’ learning
system will honor the
channels of
communications and
allow the organization
to internalize and
embody its strategic
intent, tactical
controls, and
operational power.
We are Saved
We Become

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Appendix B
Spiral Dynamics Overview
This following 9 pages can be viewed while listening to Don Beck and Jessica
Roemischer. This can be activated on the next page by clicking on “play the sound
track.
The MP3 file that activates is from www.wie.org
This MP3 is from a DVD call Leap into the future from wie.org

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I Control
We are Safe
I Survive
I Improve
I learn
?????
We are Saved
We Become
We Experience
R
B
O
G
Y
P
B
T
For an overview of the Spiral Dynamic model click on “play sound track” below
and page through the next 8 pages.
Courtesy Alf Rock
alf@alkamind.com
alf@spiraldynamics.intranets.com

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BEIGE Instinctive/Survivalistic MEME - starting
100,000 years ago
Basic theme: Do what you must just to stay alive
• Uses instincts and habits just to survive
• Distinct self is barely awakened or sustained
• Food, water, warmth, sex, and safety have
priority
• Forms into survival bands to perpetuate life
• Lives “off the land” much as other animals
Transition Factors to next Level
 Awareness of distinct self
 Awakening of cause and effect
 Concerns with threat and fears
 Survival requires group effort
>

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PURPLE Magical/Animistic MEME - starting 50,000
years ago
Basic theme: Keep the spirits happy and the tribe's
nest warm and safe
• Obeys the desires of the spirit being and
mystical signs
• Shows allegiance to chief, elders, ancestors, and
the clan
• Individual subsumed in group
• Preserves sacred objects, places, events, and
memories
• Observes rites of passage, seasonal cycles, and
tribal customs
Transition Factors to next Level
 Emergence of dominant ego
 Self more powerful then group
 Confronts adversity and danger to control
 Niches are limited
>
Decisions are made:
By Ways of the
Tribe

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RED Impulsive/Egocentric MEME - starting
10,000 years ago
Basic theme: Be what you are and do what you
want, regardless
• The world is a jungle full of threats and
predators
• Breaks free from any domination or
constraint to please self as self desires
• Stands tall, expects attention, demands
respect, and calls the shots
• Enjoys self to the fullest right now without
guilt or remorse
• Conquers, out-foxes, and dominates other
aggressive characters
Transition Factors to next Level
 Quest for meaning and purpose
 Extended time-frame/future
 Consequential thinking emerges
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 OD
>
Decisions are made:
By Laws of the
Jungle

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BLUE Purposeful/Authoritarian MEME - starting
5,000 years ago
Basic theme: Life has meaning, direction, and
purpose with predetermined outcomes
• One sacrifices self to the transcendent Cause,
Truth, or righteous Pathway
• The Order enforces a code of conduct based on
eternal, absolute principles
• Righteous living produces stability now and
guarantees future reward
• Impulsivity is controlled through guilt;
everybody has their proper place
• Laws, regulations, and discipline build
character and moral fiber
Transition Factors to next Level
 Aspire to a better life now for self
 Challenges higher authority to produce tangible results
 Seeks one best way among many options
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 OD
>
Decisions are made:
By the
Commandments
of higher
Authority

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ORANGE Achievist/Strategic MEME - starting
300 years ago
Basic theme: Act in your own self-interest by playing
the game to win
• Change and advancement are inherent within
the scheme of things
• Progresses by learning nature's secrets and
seeking out best solutions
• Manipulates Earth's resources to create and
spread the abundant good life
• Optimistic, risk-taking, and self-reliant people
deserve success
• Societies prosper through strategy, technology,
and competitiveness
Transition Factors to next Level
Discover material wealth does not bring happiness or peace
 Renewed need for community, sharing, and inner life
 Sensitivity to have, and have-not gaps
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 OD
>
Decisions are made:
By the Situational
Rules of the Game
(the invisible hand)

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GREEN Communitarian/Egalitarian MEME - starting
150 years ago
Basic theme: Seek peace within the inner self and
explore, with others, the caring dimensions of community
• The human spirit must be freed from greed, dogma,
and divisiveness
• Feelings, sensitivity, and caring supersede cold
rationality
• Spreads the Earth's resources and opportunities
equally among all
• Reaches decisions through reconciliation and
consensus processes
• Refreshes spirituality, brings harmony, and
enriches human development
Transition Factors to next Level
 Overwhelmed by economic and emotional cost of caring
 Confronted by Chaos and Disorder
 Need for tangible results and functionality
 “Knowing” moves above feeling
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 OD
>
Decisions are made:
By the Relative
need of the
Collective towards
a Common Good.

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YELLOW Integrative MEME—starting 50
years ago
Basic theme: Live fully and responsibly as what
you are and learn to become
• Life is a kaleidoscope of natural
hierarchies, systems, and forms
• The magnificence of existence is valued
over material possessions
• Flexibility, spontaneity, and functionality
have the highest priority
• Differences can be integrated into
interdependent, natural flows
• Understands that chaos and change are
natural
Transition Factors to next Level
Senses order within chaos
Search for guiding principles
Whole-earth problems arise as technology connects all
 Spirituality back with physics
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 OD
>
Decisions are made:
By Integral
Processes and
Flows to align
conflicting
alternatives and
the personal
responsibilities of
being.

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TURQUOISE Holistic MEME—starting 30
years ago
Basic theme: Experience the wholeness of existence
through mind and spirit
• The world is a single, dynamic organism with
its own collective mind
• Self is both distinct and a blended part of a
larger, compassionate whole
• Everything connects to everything else in
ecological alignments
• Energy and information permeate the Earth's
total environment
• Holistic, intuitive thinking and cooperative
actions are to be expected
Transition Factors to next Level
The next system will be a new form of expressiveness,
extended to the planetary level. Global problems will
appear to require unified control, a new way of being to fit
a world where collective living has changed the Milieu.
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 OD
>
Decisions are made:
By Patterns of the
Whole. A sense of
collective
individualism to
serve the entire
living systems.

28. © Copyright Alkamind Consulting Alkamind Confidential
28Courtesy Alf Rock
alf@alkamind.com
alf@spiraldynamics.intranets.com
Courtesy
Alf Rock
alf@alkamin
d.com
alf@spirald
ynamics.intr
anets.com
Cultural Values Social
UL. Individual/Internal UR. Individual/External
LL. Collective/Internal LR. Collective/External
Thinking Behavior
Blue
Blue
Red
Orange
Orange
GreenGreen
Beige
Purple
Red
Orthodox Fundamentalism
Prevails
“Flatlanders” Liberalism
Prevails …
... Until emergent complexity brings forth the next existential
crisis!
2nd
Tier
Emerges
Intentional
Personal meaning
and inner skills
Behavioral
Individual
behavior and
outer skills
Systems
Systems and
Processes
Cultural
Cultural and
shared meaning
Within the chaos and complexity of an emergent social consciousness, there is a
framework of predictable understanding provided by the AQAL model.
Developed by Alf Rock
Adapted from Ken Wilber

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I
Self
We
Culture
It
Biological Features
Behaviour
Its
Systems & Structures
Interior Exterior
IndividualCollective
Based of Richard Barrett’s Alignment Model
“Building Value Driven Organizations”
Over Ken Wilber’s AQAL Model “A Theory of Everything”
ValuesValues
AlignmentAlignment
MissionMission
AlignmentAlignment
StructuralStructural
AlignmentAlignment
Personal AlignmentPersonal Alignment
Developmentally, each quadrant provides alignment steps to the next “appropriate”
developmental step.