Policy Analysis of Disability Assistive Technology in the U.S. Project assignment for UM Pub Pol 650.

1. Disability Policy: Assistive Technology & Employment Alexander C Kazerooni Introduction to Science & Technology Policy Analysis Pub Pol 650 Professor Jason M Cross April 13, 2011

2. Outline Introduction Background Evidence Stakeholders Value Analysis Policy Assessment Recommendations “We are only beginning to understand the interaction among the medical, environmental and societal factors that link to disability.” NIDRR

3. The Reality There is a disability caused by a motor vehicle crash every 30 seconds. The probability of at least one owner in a two-owner firm becoming disabled before reaching age 65 is 23%, if each is age 30 30% of all people 35 to 65 will suffer a disability for at least 90 days and one in seven will be disabled for five years.* Approximately 90% of disabilities are caused by illnesses rather than accidents

4. 2004 Assitive Technology Act Present Need 54 Million Americans Natural Part of Human Experience Public Value Mapping & Programs Acknowledges lack of Coordination State Assistive Technology Programs 1 ATAP per State Governor assigns lead agency Advisory Council Consumer Responsive, Consumer Driven Planning, Implementation Quantified Metrics / Outcomes Health, Employment, Education Funding Grants proportional to population basis [$1.2M < $ 0.6M ] Dept of Education NIDRR >$200M Collaboration: Market Size: $2.86 Billion Employment National Public Awareness Toolkit

5. Risk vs. Certainty Mixture of policy frameworks Tornado Abortion Policy Principle Avoidance Assistance Benefits SSA

6. Background: Fragmented Policies 2015 ‘Mandate’ 100,000 People with Disability People with Disability have lower levels of education States can decide not to serve a section of state citizens People with Disability require accommodations for equality and economic freedom Discrimination includes lack of accommodations

7. Evidence Education Employment

8. Evidence

9. National Institute for Disability Research and Rehabilitation: Logic Model

10. Stakeholders: Sponsored spontaneous Value- Knowledge Tension

11. Value Analysis DoEd- NIDRR NIH, DHHS, NCMRR NSF VA SBA SSA Inclusion Tumultuous ; Ideological Trust Universities Philanthropy Social Entrepreneurs Technology Entrepreneurs Security Autonomy Funding Citizens Citizen Scientists Small Business Industry Productivity, Reliability, Profit

12. Policy Assessment: Public & Market Failure Avoidance Principle Precautionary Principle (Budget)

13. Policy AssessmentPublic & Market Failure Public: False Starts Market: Non-competitive Executive Order 2010 1998 Legislation 1990 ADA Amendment Act 2008 ADA 1998 RA- Amendment Section 508 (IT) 1974 RA USSC 2010 Google Accessibility 2007 DOJ vs. UMICH 2004 State’s Rights 1998 Olmstead vs.. L.C. Young Tech Infrastructure Low Tech Transfer Low Translation Low Commercialization 4 NAIC Codes Few commercial providers 40,000 Products, little function. Adoption Barriers Market barriers: Features, Benefits, Cosy Corporate ‘Risk & Liability’ Culture Sustainability NIDRR Funding NIDRR ‘LOGIC ‘ model for public value and end user creativity Leadership Gap Social Technical Society Acceptance

14. Recommendation: National Laboratory Agility Execute long-term government missions with substantial scientific and technological content. Develop unique scientific capabilities beyond the scope of academic and industrial institutions. Government desires assured access. Multi-disciplinary teams. Distinctive, powerful research facilities and user facilities Safe and secure operating environments essential to national interests. Ensuring a strong portfolio of laboratories. Defining and awarding research programs Building and refreshing world class capabilities Maintaining laboratory infrastructure. Reviewing and assuring management and operations performance. Champion need for a National Public Inclusive Infrastructure

15. Bibliography * Health Association of America; The New York Times, 02.02 **National Safety Council Accident Facts, 02.02 ***Based on recent disability insurance industry experience http://www.ncddr.org/products/researchexchange/v05n01/strategyresults.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pkdfOOoIw0