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Introduction
What is Paris agreement? Or COP21?
The Paris Agreement (French: L'accord de Paris) is
an agreement within the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with
greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and
finance starting in the year 2020 and has been ratified
by 61 countries till now.
COP stands for Conference of Parties, an annual
meeting of all nations that make up the United Nations
Framework on Climate Change -- 195 nations in total.
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PARIS AGREEMENT - STATUS OF RATIFICATION
The Paris Agreement shall enter into force on the 30th day
after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention
accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total
global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their
instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
with the Depositary.
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Aim of the agreement
1. To achieve a legally binding agreement, with universal
participation among all nations,
2. To keep global warming below what most scientists say is the
critical threshold of 2 degrees Celsius of warming,
3. Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low
greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development,
4. low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that
does not threaten food production,
5. Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate
change and foster climate resilience.
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Parties and signatories
Party or
signatory
Percentage of
greenhouse
gases for
ratification
Date of
signature
Date of deposit
of instruments
of
Ratification
or
Accession
Date when
Agreement
enters into
force
China 20.09% 22 April 2016
3 September
2016
United States 17.89% 22 April 2016
3 September
2016
India 4.10% 22 April 2016
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Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on Sunday
that India will ratify the COP21 Paris Agreement on
climate change.
India had not ratified it yet as it sought greater
flexibility for its industrial and economic growth plans.
The US and China, two of the most industrialized
countries in the world, have already ratified the
document. India will become the 62nd country to ratify
the Paris Agreement.
once it is ratified, will have a significant bearing on the
energy sector and will have a huge impact on the
industrial output.
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Firstly, India will have to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by
33-35 per cent from the levels on 2005. This goal has to be
achieved by 2030.
Another tough commitment is reduction in emission intensity
targets. To achieve that, India will also need a 175 Gigawatt
power production capacity from renewable energy sources by
2025.
Third most important commitment will be a massive increase in
green cover. India will need to increase the forest cover by five
million hectares and also improve the quality of green cover of
an equal measure.
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Temperature increase leads to rising and warming seas, changes in the
quality and availability of water, decreases in food production,
unbearable heat, and more highly destructive weather events will
affect most nations.
Some 60 percent of its population makes its living from agriculture,
which will be particularly affected. Most farmers will be hit by drought
while some will be flooded. A large portion of the Indian population
lives in coastal areas and low-lying islands. These areas will be subject
to more and deeper flooding and consequent population
displacement.
India’s climate change offer consists mainly of three parts: (1) to
reduce India’s emissions intensity per unit of GDP 33 percent to 35
percent from 2005 levels by 2030; (2) to achieve “about” 40 percent
installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030; and (3)
to create an additional “carbon sink” of 2.5 to 3 billion tons of CO2
equivalent through afforestation by 2030.
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Green House Gas and its effects
A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere
that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping
and holding heat in the atmosphere.
greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect,
which ultimately leads to global warming.
Effects of increased greenhouse gas emissions:
• Global warming
