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Herstel van gedegradeerde landbouw gronden tot
productieve ecosystemen:
Voedselbossen in internationaal perspectief
Roos Nijpels en Maaike Hendriks
Larenstein 28 november 2015
Onderwerpen
• Een belangrijke uitdaging
• Het verschil dat Analog Forestry heet
• Forest Garden Products Certificering
• Stappenplan, kosten en opbrengsten
• Twee voedselbossen in aanleg in Nederland
Degradatie
Is vrijwel altijd te wijten aan
splitsing Natuur en Productie
Ontbossing voor landbouw
Monocultuur productie
Mijnbouw
Bosbouw (houtproductie)
Een mooie uitdaging: integratie
van productie en biodiversiteit
In de natuur neemt de biomassa over de
tijd vanzelf toe
Veel herstelplannen slaan de plank mis
Veel
herbebossings-
programmas
zien niet in dat
de optimalie
biodiversiteit
van een
(tropisch) bos
voor slechts
1%
uit bomen
bestaat.
Analog Forestry (links: 90% exoten) bootst het
natuurlijk bos na (rechts: 100% native species)
Analog Forestry
Honduras
Analog Forestry in Kameroen
5 jaar verschil
Van conventionele Thee Sri Lanka
Naar Forest Garden Thee
(www.beautifullnow.is)
Koffieplantage
Koffie in agroforestry systeem
(www.flickr.com)
Koffie in Kameroen
Koffie met bosbessen, bananen en cola noten
Cacao
(www.nuevomundoexpeditions.com)
Cacao in Sri Lanka
What is Analog Forestry?
Analog forestry is an ecological restoration tool that helps to
restore the life support systems of the planet – represented by
healthy, biodiverse ecosystems
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Film: introduction to Analog
Forestry
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Planting forests that are similar in architectural
structures and ecological functions to the original
climax forest.
Analog Forestry
History
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
• Initially practiced in Guatemala and California in the 1970s
• Based on the traditional ‘home gardens’ of tropical Asia
• Concepts were tested on the ground in Sri Lanka in 1983
• The International Analog Forestry Network was created in 1996
to develop and popularize the AF model
The Analog Forest way
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
1. Record the structure
of the natural forest
with the help of a
physiognomic
formula
2. Mapping and
ecological evaluation
of the degraded area
that shall be
reforested
The Analog Forest way
Variables for constructing Physiognomic Formula of Vegetation.
• A. Growth Form Categories
•
• Basic Growth Forms ( Tree) :
•
• Broadleaf Evergreens B
• Broadleaf Deciduous D
• Needleleaf evergreen E
• Needleleaf Deciduous N
•
• Special Growth Forms (non Tree)
•
•
• Palms P
• Climbers (Lianas) C
• Succulent plants (Cactacae etc) K
• Rhizomatous plants (Heliconia etc) R
• Rosette plants (Agave,,Bromilia etc) S
• Bamboos V
• Ferns F
• Epiphytes X
• Lichens, Mosses L
• Parasites M
• Graminoids (Grasses) G
• Forbs/low bushes (annuals) A
• Forbs/low bushes (perennials) H
• Leaf Characteristics
• Leaf texture
• Hard h
• Soft s
• Succulent k
• Leaf size 
• Large (over 12.5 cms) l
• Medium ( 12.6-7.5cms) m
• Small (7.6-2.5cms) w
• Nannophyll (under 2.5cms) t
• Leaf Surface
• Hairy e
• Smooth f
• Coarse g
• B. Structural Categories
• Height Class
• 9 = Greater than 35m
• 8 = 25-35m
• 7 = 15-24m
• 6 = 10-14m
• 5 = 5-10m
• 4 = 2-5m
• 3 = 0.5-2m
• 2 = 0.1-0.5m
• 1 = less then 0.1m
• Coverage 
• Coverage class
• Continuous (over 75 %) c
• Interrupted (50-75 %) i
• Patchy (25-50%) p
• Rare (6-25%) r
• Sporadic (1-6%) b
• Almost absent (<1%) a
Principle 1 Observe and record
Examples of Formula
Example 1
B7cdm, B6izn, B6idm, B6rdg; H2c, H2-6r, L2-7c; S2-6c; E2-7i; P6i
Example 2
B8rdm, B7idm, B6idg, B5rdg; H2c; S2-6i; L2-6c; T8c, E7-8h; S3h
Once an understanding of the components of the ecosystem
in question is gained, it is possible to evaluate the species
within it in terms of the management goals.
Principle 2 Understand and Evaluate
Data Base exercise to determine species ecological functions and s tructures
Name Scientific Name Human Use Ecological
functions
Root
system
Growth form Micro-
habitat
Propagation
Manzana
tropical
Syzgium
malacense
Edible/
construction
Birds/insects Deep Overstory Tree shade Seed;
germination
15 dias
Platanillo Hiliconiaceae sp Floral Birds, reptiles Superficial Low growth humidity Seeds,
rhizomes
Durian Durio zibethinus Edible/
construction
Birds/
mammals
Deep Irregular Tree shade Seed,
grafting
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
3. Use a database to
find out about the
properties of the
plants you want to
grow
4. Design your food
forest
The Analog Forest way
Design
(Map)
Structure
(Formula)
Function
(Database)
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
12 Analog Forestry Principles
7. Be guided by
the landscape
4. Identify levels
of yield
1. Observe
and record
2. Understand
and evaluate
3. Know
your land
9. Use ecological
processes
5. Map flows
and reservoirs
8. Follow ecological
succession
12. Respond
creatively
6. Reduce
external inputs
10. Value
Biodiversity
11. Respect
maturity
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Forest products
Certification
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Certification
• The Forest Garden
Products certification
standard markets products
derived from Analog
Forestry
• Producers adhere to
organic en Fair Trade
principles while increasing
biodiversity
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
De werkwijze
• Analyse
• Ontwerp
• Business plan
• Implementatie en monitoring
• Training
• Certificatie
• Link met de markt
Monocultuur thee (10 hectares)
Year Cashflow Net profit
0 € (12) -
1 € 274 € 274
2 € 325 € 331
3 € 376 € 383
4 € 427 € 434
5 € 478 € 485
6 € 528 € 535
7 € 579 € 586
8 € 629 € 636
9 € 679 € 686
10 € 729 € 736
11 € 778 € 786
12 € 827 € 836
13 € 877 € 885
14 € 926 € 934
15 € 974 € 983
Expected return (in thousands)
Berekeningen voor 10 hectares
FGP plantage
Expected return (in thousands)
Year Cashflow Net profit
0 (77.620)€ -
1 (2.886)€ (1.686)€
2 1.214€ 553€
3 872€ 214€
4 17.021€ 16.365€
5 35.011€ 34.359€
6 55.116€ 54.466€
7 53.787€ 53.140€
8 90.050€ 89.406€
9 117.496€ 116.855€
10 148.448€ 147.810€
11 147.119€ 146.484€
12 151.302€ 150.670€
13 152.089€ 151.461€
14 156.650€ 156.026€
15 157.603€ 156.982€
Hogere opbrengst door additionele
gewassen
Productie in kilo’s
Producten
Analog Forestry around the world
Rich Forests Voedselbos in aanleg:
Mijn Stadstuin, Amsterdam
Rich Forests voedselbos in aanleg :
Roggebotstaete, Dronten, Flevoland
Rich Forests voedselbos:
Roggebotstaete, Dronten, Flevoland
En U?
Wilt u ook bijdragen aan een productiemodel
waarbij
•natuur en economie hand in hand gaan?
•internationale markten én lokale markten
bereikt worden?
•En (h)eerlijke producten geconsumeerd kunnen
worden?
Neem dan contact met ons op!
info@richforests.org
Maaike Hendriks en Roos Nijpels
www.richforests.org Ook op Facebook en Twitter
Hartelijk dank!
Rich Forests 28 nov van Akker naar Bos

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Rich Forests 28 nov van Akker naar Bos

  • 1.
  • 2. Herstel van gedegradeerde landbouw gronden tot productieve ecosystemen: Voedselbossen in internationaal perspectief Roos Nijpels en Maaike Hendriks Larenstein 28 november 2015
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Onderwerpen • Een belangrijke uitdaging • Het verschil dat Analog Forestry heet • Forest Garden Products Certificering • Stappenplan, kosten en opbrengsten • Twee voedselbossen in aanleg in Nederland
  • 7. Degradatie Is vrijwel altijd te wijten aan splitsing Natuur en Productie
  • 12. Een mooie uitdaging: integratie van productie en biodiversiteit
  • 13. In de natuur neemt de biomassa over de tijd vanzelf toe
  • 14. Veel herstelplannen slaan de plank mis Veel herbebossings- programmas zien niet in dat de optimalie biodiversiteit van een (tropisch) bos voor slechts 1% uit bomen bestaat.
  • 15. Analog Forestry (links: 90% exoten) bootst het natuurlijk bos na (rechts: 100% native species)
  • 17. Analog Forestry in Kameroen 5 jaar verschil
  • 21. Koffie in agroforestry systeem (www.flickr.com)
  • 22. Koffie in Kameroen Koffie met bosbessen, bananen en cola noten
  • 24. Cacao in Sri Lanka
  • 25. What is Analog Forestry? Analog forestry is an ecological restoration tool that helps to restore the life support systems of the planet – represented by healthy, biodiverse ecosystems Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
  • 26. Film: introduction to Analog Forestry
  • 27. Restoring the planet’s life-support systems. Planting forests that are similar in architectural structures and ecological functions to the original climax forest. Analog Forestry
  • 28. History Restoring the planet’s life-support systems. • Initially practiced in Guatemala and California in the 1970s • Based on the traditional ‘home gardens’ of tropical Asia • Concepts were tested on the ground in Sri Lanka in 1983 • The International Analog Forestry Network was created in 1996 to develop and popularize the AF model
  • 29. The Analog Forest way Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
  • 30. Restoring the planet’s life-support systems. 1. Record the structure of the natural forest with the help of a physiognomic formula 2. Mapping and ecological evaluation of the degraded area that shall be reforested The Analog Forest way
  • 31. Variables for constructing Physiognomic Formula of Vegetation. • A. Growth Form Categories • • Basic Growth Forms ( Tree) : • • Broadleaf Evergreens B • Broadleaf Deciduous D • Needleleaf evergreen E • Needleleaf Deciduous N • • Special Growth Forms (non Tree) • • • Palms P • Climbers (Lianas) C • Succulent plants (Cactacae etc) K • Rhizomatous plants (Heliconia etc) R • Rosette plants (Agave,,Bromilia etc) S • Bamboos V • Ferns F • Epiphytes X • Lichens, Mosses L • Parasites M • Graminoids (Grasses) G • Forbs/low bushes (annuals) A • Forbs/low bushes (perennials) H • Leaf Characteristics • Leaf texture • Hard h • Soft s • Succulent k • Leaf size  • Large (over 12.5 cms) l • Medium ( 12.6-7.5cms) m • Small (7.6-2.5cms) w • Nannophyll (under 2.5cms) t • Leaf Surface • Hairy e • Smooth f • Coarse g • B. Structural Categories • Height Class • 9 = Greater than 35m • 8 = 25-35m • 7 = 15-24m • 6 = 10-14m • 5 = 5-10m • 4 = 2-5m • 3 = 0.5-2m • 2 = 0.1-0.5m • 1 = less then 0.1m • Coverage  • Coverage class • Continuous (over 75 %) c • Interrupted (50-75 %) i • Patchy (25-50%) p • Rare (6-25%) r • Sporadic (1-6%) b • Almost absent (<1%) a
  • 32. Principle 1 Observe and record Examples of Formula Example 1 B7cdm, B6izn, B6idm, B6rdg; H2c, H2-6r, L2-7c; S2-6c; E2-7i; P6i Example 2 B8rdm, B7idm, B6idg, B5rdg; H2c; S2-6i; L2-6c; T8c, E7-8h; S3h
  • 33. Once an understanding of the components of the ecosystem in question is gained, it is possible to evaluate the species within it in terms of the management goals. Principle 2 Understand and Evaluate Data Base exercise to determine species ecological functions and s tructures Name Scientific Name Human Use Ecological functions Root system Growth form Micro- habitat Propagation Manzana tropical Syzgium malacense Edible/ construction Birds/insects Deep Overstory Tree shade Seed; germination 15 dias Platanillo Hiliconiaceae sp Floral Birds, reptiles Superficial Low growth humidity Seeds, rhizomes Durian Durio zibethinus Edible/ construction Birds/ mammals Deep Irregular Tree shade Seed, grafting
  • 34. Restoring the planet’s life-support systems. 3. Use a database to find out about the properties of the plants you want to grow 4. Design your food forest The Analog Forest way Design (Map) Structure (Formula) Function (Database)
  • 35. Restoring the planet’s life-support systems. 12 Analog Forestry Principles 7. Be guided by the landscape 4. Identify levels of yield 1. Observe and record 2. Understand and evaluate 3. Know your land 9. Use ecological processes 5. Map flows and reservoirs 8. Follow ecological succession 12. Respond creatively 6. Reduce external inputs 10. Value Biodiversity 11. Respect maturity
  • 36. Restoring the planet’s life-support systems. Forest products
  • 37. Certification Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
  • 38. Certification • The Forest Garden Products certification standard markets products derived from Analog Forestry • Producers adhere to organic en Fair Trade principles while increasing biodiversity Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
  • 39.
  • 40. De werkwijze • Analyse • Ontwerp • Business plan • Implementatie en monitoring • Training • Certificatie • Link met de markt
  • 41. Monocultuur thee (10 hectares) Year Cashflow Net profit 0 € (12) - 1 € 274 € 274 2 € 325 € 331 3 € 376 € 383 4 € 427 € 434 5 € 478 € 485 6 € 528 € 535 7 € 579 € 586 8 € 629 € 636 9 € 679 € 686 10 € 729 € 736 11 € 778 € 786 12 € 827 € 836 13 € 877 € 885 14 € 926 € 934 15 € 974 € 983 Expected return (in thousands)
  • 42. Berekeningen voor 10 hectares FGP plantage Expected return (in thousands) Year Cashflow Net profit 0 (77.620)€ - 1 (2.886)€ (1.686)€ 2 1.214€ 553€ 3 872€ 214€ 4 17.021€ 16.365€ 5 35.011€ 34.359€ 6 55.116€ 54.466€ 7 53.787€ 53.140€ 8 90.050€ 89.406€ 9 117.496€ 116.855€ 10 148.448€ 147.810€ 11 147.119€ 146.484€ 12 151.302€ 150.670€ 13 152.089€ 151.461€ 14 156.650€ 156.026€ 15 157.603€ 156.982€
  • 43. Hogere opbrengst door additionele gewassen Productie in kilo’s
  • 46. Rich Forests Voedselbos in aanleg: Mijn Stadstuin, Amsterdam
  • 47.
  • 48. Rich Forests voedselbos in aanleg : Roggebotstaete, Dronten, Flevoland
  • 50. En U? Wilt u ook bijdragen aan een productiemodel waarbij •natuur en economie hand in hand gaan? •internationale markten én lokale markten bereikt worden? •En (h)eerlijke producten geconsumeerd kunnen worden?
  • 51. Neem dan contact met ons op! info@richforests.org Maaike Hendriks en Roos Nijpels www.richforests.org Ook op Facebook en Twitter

Editor's Notes

  1. Focus on products and biodiversity