Biofuels were first used by ancient people and have increased in popularity due to rising oil prices and the need for energy security. Biofuels can be made from biomass sources like sugarcane, maize, jatropha plants, and more. Ethanol is commonly made from sugarcane and is used as fuel in Brazil. Jatropha is a non-edible oilseed plant used to produce biodiesel and grows well in marginal lands. India aims to replace 20% of its diesel with jatropha biodiesel by promoting large-scale jatropha cultivation. Biotechnology advances may enhance biofuel production through genetic modification of energy crops.

1. SEMINAR ON:BIOFULES
Presented by:
AJITH.S
Final M.sc(iii sem)
Dept.of Biotechnology
Guided by
Dr.Santhosh kondajji
Dept.of Biotechnology
Kuvempu university
KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY

3. Biofuel was first form of fuels by the ancient people.
In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from vegetable oil.
HISTORY
Henry Ford designed his original 1908 model T to run ethanol
Rudolf Diesel Ford Model THenry Ford

4. INTRODUCTION
Biofuel is any solid, liquid or gas fuel which is made from
biomass, or living material. In contrast to fossil fuels, biofuels
utilize materials formed by things that are or have recently been
living
This biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas
form. This new biomass can be used for biofuels. Biofuels have
increased in popularity because of rising oil prices and the need for
energy security

5. Types of Biofuels

7. Sugarcane as biofuel's
Ethanol is generally available as a byproduct of sugar
production. It can be used as a biofuel alternative to gasoline,
and is widely used in cars in Brazil.
More than half of world ethanol production is produced from
sugar and sugar byproducts

8. Milling ( sugarcane stem &
separation of juice and bagasse)
Fermentation (conversion of sugar
into alcohol, production of ethanol)
Distillation (separation of ethanol)
Dehydration
(azeotropic mixture)
Process of production of ethanol from sugarcane

9. India sugarcane statistics in production

10. Maize as biofuel's

11. STATE PERCENTAGE
Andhra Pradesh 20.9 %
Karnataka 16.5%
Rajasthan 9.9 %
Maharashtra 9.1 %
Bihar 8.9 %
Uttar Pradesh 6.1 %
Other states 25 %
India maize statistics in production

12. Jatropha Curcas as biofuel's
 Jatropha curcas is a drought. Resistant
perennial, growing well in marginal/poor soil
 It is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly
and lives producing seeds for 50 years.
 Jatropha the wonder plant produces with an oil
content of 37%
 The oil can be combusted as fuel without being
refined
 It burns with clear smoke-free flame,tested
successfully as fuel for simple diesel engine

13.  Jatropha Curcas is a non edible oil crop predominately used to produce bio-diesel.
 In addition to bio-diesel production, the by-product of Jatropha Curcas' trans-esterification process can be
used to make a wide range of products including high quality paper, energy pellets, soap, cosmetics,
toothpaste, pipe joint cement, cough medicine and as a moistening agent in tobacco.
 The Jatropha Curcas seed cake which is the waste by-product of the bio-diesel trans-esterification process
can be used as a rich organic fertilizer
 Jatropha Curcas grows best on well drained soils (pref PH 6-9) with good aeration but is well adapted to
marginal soils with low nutrient content.
 Jatropha Curcas grows well with more than 600mm rainfall per year and it can withstand long periods of
drought. The plant sheds its leaves during a prolonged dry season.
 Jatropha Curcas prefers temperatures averaging 20-28 degrees Celsius (68-85 degrees Farenheit). It can,
however, withstand a very light frost which causes it to lose all its leaves and may produce a sharp decline in
seed yield
About Jatropha Curcas

14. Life cycle of jatropha curcas

15. Jatropha incentives in India
 India is keen on reducing its dependence on coal and petroleum to meet its
increasing energy demand and encouraging Jatropha cultivation is a crucial
component of its energy policy.
 The Government of India has identified 400,000 square kilometres (98 million
acres) of land where Jatropha can be grown, hoping it will replace 20% of India's
diesel consumption by 2011.
 Andhra Pradesh has entered into a formal agreement with Reliance Industries for
Jatropha planting. The company has selected 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land at
Kakinada to grow jatropha for high quality bio-diesel fuel
 Chhattisgarh has decided to plant 160 million saplings of jatropha in all its 16
districts during 2006 with the aim of becoming a bio-fuel self-reliant state by
2015.[11] Chhattisgarh plans to earn Rs. 40 billion annually by selling seeds after
2010
 In September 2007, the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) joined
hands with the Maharashtra State Farming Corporation Ltd (MSFCL) for a jatropha
seed-based bio-diesel venture. As part of the project, jatropha plants would be
grown on 500 acres (2 km²) in Nashik and Aurangabad.[15]

16. Jatropha plantation in kakinada

17. Goober gas production is an anaerobic process
Fermentation is carried out in an air tight, closed cylindrical
concrete tank called a digester
Goober gas
Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by
the biological breakdown of organic matter
in the absence of oxygen. Biogas is
produced by anaerobic digestion or
fermentation of biodegradable materials
such as biomass, manures, sewage,
municipal waste, greenwaste,cow dung and
plant material and energy crops.

18. The Karnataka State Biofuel Development Board has initiated the
construction of Biofuel Parks for the overall development of biofuel
field, farmers,
1. Biofuel Park, Madenuru, Hassan: The park, established at
Madenuru, Hassan in an area of 50 acres belonging to the
Bangalore Agriculture University, started functioning since 2007
2. Biofuel Park Tintini, Yadagiri district: the farmers at Hassan
district have got good benefits from the Biofuel Park and have
observed that Biofuel Activity is a profitable business
3. Biofuel Park, Dharwad: The Board has initiated the
construction of the 3rdBiofuel Park at Agriculture University,
Dharwad. Farmers, students and public from the north-western
parts of the state will benefit by this.
4. At present, around 1,500 KSRTC buses are being run on fuel
blended with ethanol. The KSRTC has been purchasing
thousands of litres of biofuel for its daily consumption. The
corporation has been saving nearly Rs. 4 crore by using ethanol.
Karnataka biofuel park

19. ADVANTAGES
 Cost: Biofuels have the potential to be significantly less expensive
than gasoline and other fossil fuels.
 Source material: Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from
specific materials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range
of materials including crop waste, manure, and other byproducts..
 Renewability: It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to be
produced, but biofuels are much more easily renewable as new
crops are grown and waste material is collected.
 Security: Biofuels can be produced locally, which decreases the
nation's dependence upon foreign energy. By reducing dependence
on foreign fuel sources, countries can protect the integrity of their
energy resources and make them safe from outside influences

20.  Economic stimulation: Because biofuels are produced locally, biofuel manufacturing plants can employ
hundreds or thousands of workers, creating new jobs in rural areas. Biofuel production will also increase the
demand for suitable biofuel crops, providing economic stimulation to the agriculture industry.
 Lower carbon emissions: When biofuels are burned, they produce significantly less carbon output and fewer
toxins, making them a safer alternative to preserve atmospheric quality and lower air pollution.

21. Disadvantages
 Biofuels production requires the increased need of growing crops to
meet the demand and for this more farmlands will require.
 Biofuels are not readily accessible due to lack of ethanol or
biodiesel pumps at existing filling stations
 Biodiesel can liberate deposits mounted up on pipes and tank walls
from previous traditional diesel fuel.
 In cold weather the biodiesel freezes the fuel system and injection
pump.

22. Biotechnology for biofuels in future
 Energy Crop Genetic Modification Strategies
 Strategies to Enhance Polysaccharide Content in
Energy Crops
 Strategies to Express Degradative Enzymes in
Energy Crops
 Strategies to Decrease or Modify Lignin Content
in Energy Crops
 Uses of Genomics to Enhance Energy Crops

23. Naturol Labland Biotechs Nandan Biomatrix*
Location Hyderabad/Kakinada Mysore Hyderabad
Products/Business Bio diesel (30 million
gallons per annum) and
glycerine
Jatropha seedlings/R&D
in the Jathropha
Jatropha seedlings/R&D
in the Jathropha
Feedstock Palm Oil/Soya
Oil/Jatropha
Jatropha Jatropha
Bio Fuels Companies

24.  Biofuels are among the most promising replacement for non-renewable fossil fuel energy
and are derived from living organisms or from metabolic by products.
 Biomass(organic material) can be converted directly into burnable fuel which becomes
biofuel
 Biofuels can be liquids or gases (sugars,starch,vegetable oil,or animal fats) or solids (wood,
sawdust, grass,cuttings,domestic refuse, charcoal, agricultural non-food energy crops, dried
manure)
 The two most widely used biofules are ethanol and biodiesel.both are in liquid form others
include butane,methanol.and gasoline.gaseous biofuels produced are hydrogen and
methane.
 Ethanol is an alcohol fuel produced by fermentation of sugars.found in
sugarcane,rice,potatoskins.and commonly made from wheat,corn,sorghum
CONCLUSION

25.  Ethanol is produced using a process similar to brewing beer where starch crops are
converted into sugars.The sugars are fermented into ethanol and the ethanol is than
distilled into its final form which can be used as a fuel.
 Ethanol is also produced by the process called hydrolysis. Where materials such as
lignocellulose which are found in the tissues of plants and organic materials are used.

26. References
 Engineering microbes for tolerance to next generation biofuels, Mary J
Dunlop, p Biotechnology for Biofuels 2011.
 Eco friend : http://www.ecofriend.com/10-most-comprehensive-
breakthroughs-in-biofuel-production.html.
 Alternative energy: http://www.alternative-energynews.info/getting-
biofuel-from-the-worlds-gabage.
 Comparative genomics of xylose-fermenting fungi for enhanced biofuel
production, Dana J. Wohlbacha et al,2011.
 Biodiesel production and the transesterification process,
http://www.biomassenergy.gr/en/articles/technology/biodiesel/505-
biodiesel-production-and-the-transesterification-process.

27. THANK YOU