2. Batteries
Battery is a storage device used for
the storage of chemical energy and for
transformation of Chemical Energy in
to Electrical Energy.
3. Anatomy of a Battery
The internal workings of a battery are typically housed within a metal or
plastic case. Inside this case are a cathode, which connects to the positive
terminal, and an anode, which connects to the negative terminal. These
components, more generally known as electrodes.
A separator creates a barrier between the cathode and anode, preventing the
electrodes from touching while allowing electrical charge to flow freely
between them….
Batteries are used in many applications, Automobile Industry, Power sector &
in other Industrial Applications.
In Automobiles energy from the battery is used to power accessories, lighting
and other electrical systems when the engine is not running. To supply the
ignition, fuel and starting systems with the necessary power to start the
vehicle
4. Anatomy of a Battery
The medium that allows the electric charge to flow between the cathode and
anode is known as the electrolyte
5. What does a battery do?
Static discharge is the moving of electrons from one atom to another.
In order to keep the electrons moving through the circuit, there has to be
something that causes a push, or a voltage difference- a battery does just
that…
6. How do batteries work?
Batteries create an uneven level of electrons which causes the electrons to
move from a high concentration to a low concentration…
This is also known as the voltage difference.
The reaction in the anode creates electrons, and the reaction in the cathode
absorbs them. The net product is electricity.
7. What are the different types of batteries?
Two Major Type of Batteries.
Wet-Cell & Dry-Cell Batteries.
Modern batteries use a variety of chemicals to power their reactions. Some of
the more common types of batteries are:
Zinc-carbon battery or standard carbon battery
Alkaline battery
Lithium battery
Lithium-ion battery
Lead-acid battery
Nickel-cadmium or NiCad battery
8. Wet cell – Dry cell Batteries
Wet cell batteries contain a liquid electrolyte solution which consists of
sulphuric acid and water. Also known as Vented/flooded acid batteries
Wet cells will produce 2.1 Volts each and 6 cells connected in series (+ - )
allows them to produce the 12.6 - (12) Volts used by the automobile.
The main concern for wet cell batteries in all applications is leaking sulfuric
acid, as it is a dangerous corrosive that can damage what it contacts and can
burn human tissue.
Dry cell batteries will only produce 1.5 Volts per cell and can be connected in
series (to produce more voltage). Dry cell batteries are batteries, which the
electrolytes are in form of moist paste. They also refer to electrical batteries,
which the electrochemical cells converts stored chemical energy into
electrical energy.
9. Wet cell Batteries
5. Lead-acid battery:
This is the chemistry used in a typical car battery. The electrodes are usually
made of lead dioxide and metallic lead, while the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid
solution. The amount and size of plates in a battery cell, determine the
capacity of the battery.
Example,
Automobiles Batteries.
10. Dry cell Batteries
1. Zinc-carbon battery:
Zinc and carbon are used in all regular or standard AA, C and D dry-cell
batteries. The electrodes are made of zinc and carbon, with a paste of acidic
materials (ammonium chloride or zinc chloride) between them serving as the
electrolyte.
2. Alkaline battery:
This chemistry is common in AA, C and D dry cell batteries. The cathode is
composed of a manganese dioxide mixture, while the anode is a zinc powder.
It gets its name from the potassium hydroxide electrolyte, which is an
alkaline substance……
11. Dry cell Batteries
3. Lithium battery:
These batteries are used in cameras for the flash bulb. They are made with
lithium, lithium-iodide and lead-iodide. They can supply surges of electricity
for the flash.
4. Lithium-ion battery:
Lithium chemistry is often used in high-performance devices, such as cell
phones, digital cameras and even electric cars. A variety of substances are
used in lithium batteries, but a common combination is a lithium cobalt oxide
cathode and a carbon anode.
5. Nickel-Cadmium(nicad) Batteries:
The nicad system requires 10 series cells to reach a potential of 12 VDC.
13. Wet & Dry Cell Merits & Demerits
Merits:
1. Most economical among diff types of
batteries.
2. Robust- not much sensitive to
temperature.
Demerits
1. Needs periodic maintenance- twice a
month.
2. Emits corrosive fumes.
3. Needs special battery room with acid
proof tilling.
4. Cannot be transported in charged
condition, initial charging takes 55 to
90 hours.
5. Needs specially trained persons for
handling due highly hazardous
sulphuric acid.
Merits:
These Cells have voltage ranging
from 1.25V-1.50V
Small sized, Primary Cells are used in
torches, radios, hearing aid devices,
watches etc.
Demerits
These cells does not have long life,
because the Acidic NH4Cl corrodes
the container even when the cells
are not in use.
