Representasi Pengetahuan

REPRESENTASI PENGETAHUAN mekanisme penalaran/Inferance Mechanisme : kumpulan prosedur yang digunakan untuk menguji (melacak dan mencocokkan) untuk mencari solusi. PENGETAHUAN = data / fakta + mekanisme penalaran d irepresentasikan melalui komp/system fakta,ide,teori hub.nya dlm domain ttt KNOWLEDGE BASE

Langkah membangun sistem AI Pengumpulan pengetahuan dari berbagai sumber (otak/pengetahuan pakar, buku, artikel, dll) Diorganisasikan (skema) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dimodifikasi

LOGIKA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Penalaran Deduktif ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Penalaran Induktif ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Logika Proporsional ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contoh : ,[object Object],CNF = P ν Q P Q P^Q B B B P ν Q B S S S B S S S S

[object Object],CNF = (P ν Q) ^ (-P ν Q) ^ (-P ν –Q) P Q P  Q B B B P ν Q B S S S B B -P ν Q S S B -P ν -Q

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],¬PV¬QVR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. (P^Q)  R P Sudah bentuk CNF 1. P CNF Langkah-langkah Kalimat

Kemudian tambahkan kontradiksi pada tujuannya, R menjadi ¬R, shg fakta –fakta(dlm bentuk CNF) menjadi : 1. P 2. ¬PV¬QVR 3. ¬SVQ 4. ¬TVQ 5. T 6. ¬R T Sudah bentuk CNF 4. T ¬SVQ ¬TVQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. (S^T)  Q CNF Langkah-langkah Kalimat

[object Object],¬PV¬QVR ¬R ¬PV¬Q P ¬Q ¬TVQ ¬T T 2 1 4 5

Logika Predikat / Kalkulus Predikat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pengukuran kuantitas (quantifier) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RULES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contoh operasi sistem berbasis aturan ,[object Object],[object Object],IF warna baju itu merah THEN saya suka baju itu IF saya suka baju itu THEN saya akan beli baju itu Warna baju itu merah Saya suka baju itu Saya akan beli baju itu Q=warna baju? A=merah Knowledge base Working memori

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],… … Andi … … John … … Smith … TELEPHONE NAMA

Jenis-Jenis Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

JARRINGAN SEMANTIK (semantic network) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contoh jaringan semantic sederhana: ,[object Object],canary wings bird fly is a has travel

Perluasan jaringan semantic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

wings animal walk pinguin fly bird canary tweety is a travel travel has is a is a is a objek yg lebih khusus objek yg lebih umum objek yg sama properti tambahan

Pewarisan (Inheritance) pada jaringan semantic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operasi pada jaringan semantic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FRAME ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trans. laut Trans. darat Trans.udara KA mobil motor … Sedan Pickup … … Mesin Rangka Bahan bakar … Bensin solar Frame macam2 angk. darat Frame macam2 mobil Frame komponen mobil sedan Frame jenis bahan bakar Frame alat-alat transportasi

Frame Kelas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

NASKAH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contoh : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Representasi Pengetahuan

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Representasi Pengetahuan