This document defines and provides examples of different types of primary and secondary skin lesions. Primary lesions include macules, patches, papules, plaques, nodules, wheals, vesicles, bullae, and pustules. Secondary lesions develop from external factors or disease progression and include crusts, scales, erosions, ulcers, fissures, excoriations, scars, and lichenification. The document emphasizes the importance of thoroughly examining primary lesions for characteristics like number, borders, color, size, consistency, tenderness, temperature, and distribution, as well as examining for any secondary lesions.

1. SKIN LESIONS MORPHOLOGY

2. BASIC TERMS
•Primary skin lesions:
Native appearance of skin lesions.
•Secondary skin lesions:
Effect of exogenous factors or temporal changes that evolve during the course of a skin
disease.

3. MACULE
• Example:
cafe au lait macules

4. PATCH
• Example:
Vitiligo

5. PAPULE
• Example:
Seborrheic keratoses

6. PLAQUE
• Example:
Psoriasis

7. NODULE
• Example:
Lipoma

8. WHEAL
• Example
Urticaria

9. VESICLE
• Example:
Herpes simplex

10. BULLA
• Example:
Bullous pemphigoid

11. PUSTULE
• Example:
Folliculitis

12. PRIMARY LESION
•Macule: flat circumscribed skin discoloration < 1 cm
•Patch: flat circumscribed skin discoloration > 1 cm
•Papule: elevated, solid lesion < 1 cm
•Plaque: elevated, solid lesion > 1 cm (horizontal > vertical)
•Nodule: elevated, solid lesion with deep component
•Wheal: soft erythematous edematous transient plaque
•Vesicle: fluid-filled cavity or elevation < 1 cm
•Bulla: large vesicle > 1 cm
•Pustule: circumscribed elevated lesion containing pus

13. SECONDARY SKIN LESIONS..

14. CRUST
• Example:
Impetigo

15. SCALES
• Example:
Tinea capitis

16. EROSION
• Example:
Trauma

17. ULCER
• Example:
Bed sores

18. FISSURE
• Example:
Hand eczema

19. EXCORIATION
• Example:
Atopic dermatitis

20. SCAR
• Example:
Surgical scar

21. LICHENIFICATION
• Example:
Atopic dermatits

22. SECONDARY LESIONS
•Crust: dry fluid (serum, blood, or pus).
•Scale: thick st. cornium resulting from increased proliferation
•Erosion: partial thickness loss of epidermis
•Ulcer: full thickness loss of epithelium, heals with scarring
•Fissure: is a linear loss of continuity of the skin
•Excoriation: erosions induced by scratching
•Scar: new fibrous tissue replacing lost skin tissues, may be atrophic or hypertrophic
•lichenification : area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching

23. Complete your description
Primary lesions Papule, plaque, vesicle, bulla, etc..
Number Single or multiple lesions
Borders of the lesion Sharply or ill demarcated
Color of the lesion Erythematous ,hypo or hyperpigmented
Size Use measuring tape
Palpation Consistency, tenderness & temperature
Distribution Site of lesions
Secondary lesions Crust, scale, ulcer, etc..
Hair, nails, oral and genital mucosa are a must for any skin examination

24. Thank you